Osteoporosis Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Colorectal Neoplasms Regardless of Sex: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

TL;DR

Osteoporosis is linked to a higher risk of colorectal tumors in both men and women, according to a large population study.

Contribution

This study shows that osteoporosis is associated with increased colorectal neoplasms risk in both sexes using a nationwide cohort.

Findings

Osteoporosis patients had a 1.91 times higher risk of colorectal neoplasms compared to controls.

The association was significant for both colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer.

The link between osteoporosis and colorectal neoplasms was observed in both men and women.

Abstract

Vitamin D may have anticancer effects against colorectal cancer (CRC). Bone mineral density (BMD) reflects the long-term vitamin D status. This study investigated the association between osteoporosis and colorectal neoplasms (CRN). The data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort, which included 60,386 osteoporosis patients and 8224 controls who underwent BMD in 2002–2019. The logistic regression models included age, sex, income level, and comorbidity. Sensitivity tests were performed using the data from the National Health Screening Program. In total, 7706 (11.2%) patients were diagnosed with CRN, and the proportion was significantly higher in osteoporosis patients than in controls (11.7% vs. 8.1%). In the multivariate analysis, osteoporosis was associated with an increased risk of CRN (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.75–2.09, p < 0.0001), which was significant for both colorectal adenomas and CRC (OR = 1.88 and 1.83, respectively). A subgroup analysis by sex revealed a significant association between osteoporosis and CRN in both women and men (OR = 2.06 and 1.66, respectively). The sensitivity tests revealed results similar to those of the original dataset. In conclusion, osteoporosis is significantly associated with CRN risk in both sexes. In high-risk patients with low BMD, appropriate screening for CRN and vitamin D supplementation are required, regardless of sex.

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