# A case of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia mimicking acute otomastoiditis

## TL;DR

This paper presents a rare case of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia that mimicked an ear infection, emphasizing the need for careful diagnosis.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in describing an unusual relapse location of AML and the diagnostic challenges it presents.

## Key findings

- AML relapsed in the temporal bone after a year of remission.
- Clinical and radiological features were similar to acute otomastoiditis.
- Tissue biopsy was crucial for accurate diagnosis.

## Abstract

Identifying myeloid sarcoma in rare locations is a diagnostic challenge and requires careful evaluation. The optimal management of extramedullary disease requires further investigation, but tissue biopsy and a personalized approach are crucial.

Herein, we describe an unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting with an isolated involvement of the temporal bone after a complete remission of systemic disease for more than a year. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering differential diagnoses and appropriate management.

A computed tomography scan reveals a complete homogenous left‐sided and partial right‐sided opacification of the mastoid cells and the middle ear with a relatively intact bony structure and no distinct masses.