# A new index to measure the uniformity of remolded loess

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new index using hydraulic conductivity to measure the uniformity of remolded loess, which is important for engineering applications.

## Contribution

The study proposes and validates hydraulic conductivity as a novel and practical index for evaluating remolded loess uniformity.

## Key findings

- Sample uniformity is influenced by preparation conditions and varies even among samples with the same dry density.
- Hydraulic conductivity (K) positively correlates with the degree of sample uniformity.
- Theoretical analysis shows K is inversely proportional to the variance of dry density, confirming its relationship with uniformity.

## Abstract

The uniformity of remolded loess is crucial for engineering stability and in laboratory testing, as it affects physical and mechanical properties. It is important to have an index which can accurately and conveniently evaluate the uniformity of remolded loess. This study demonstrated and verified the feasibility of using hydraulic conductivity (K) as an indicator for evaluating the uniformity of remolded loess through laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis. In laboratory research, nine loess samples under different preparation conditions were meticulously prepared in duplicate, which were divided into three sets according to the whole dry density (WDD) of approximately 1.3 g/cm3, 1.4 g/cm3, and 1.5 g/cm3 respectively. For the nine duplicate samples, two procedures were performed for each of the sample. One is the uniformity analysis by cutting the soil column and weighing. The other is the hydraulic conductivity experiment. Results showed that sample uniformity is affected by sample preparation conditions, and there are differences in the uniformity of the same WDD samples. The values of K positively correlate with the degree of sample uniformity. In theoretical analysis, based on Darcy’s Law and Kozeny-Carman equation, it is found K is inversely proportional to the variance (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sigma^{2}$$\end{document}σ2) of the sample dry density. That is, K is positively proportional to the sample uniformity. Since K can be easily determined in the laboratory, the application of this new index in the field of geotechnical engineering makes it very convenient and simple to evaluate the uniformity of remolded loess.