# Skiing economy and kinematic during a field double poling roller skiing among novice and experienced cross-country skiers

## TL;DR

Experienced cross-country skiers use less oxygen and have better movement patterns during double poling roller skiing compared to novices.

## Contribution

The study identifies biomechanical and physiological differences in double poling efficiency between novice and experienced skiers in a field setting.

## Key findings

- Experienced skiers had a 21% lower oxygen cost than novices during double poling.
- Experienced skiers showed greater hip and knee extension angles before the poling phase.
- Better skiing economy was linked to upper body strength and ski-specific skills.

## Abstract

To assess the skiing economy (SE) and kinematics during double poling (DP) roller skiing between two groups of skiers in a field setting. Five experienced and five novice male skiers performed a SEDP test at 16 km∙h−1 on an outdoor athletics track. Gas exchange parameters were measured to determine SEDP. A two-dimensional video was filmed to measure the kinematics variables. Experienced skiers exhibited a 21% lower oxygen cost than novice skiers (p = 0.016) in DP, indicating a strong association between SEDP, cycle length and cycle rate (p < 0.001). Additionally, before the poling phase, experienced skiers manifested significantly greater maximum hip and knee extension angles than novice skiers (p < 0.001). During the poling phase, experienced skiers with a greater pole plant angle (p = 0.001), longer flexion time (p < 0.001) and higher flexion angular velocity in the elbow joint (p < 0.05) demonstrated better SEDP. There was an interaction effect of the one-repetition maximum bench press × group in SEDP (b = − 0.656, SE = 0.097, t = − 6.78, p = 0.001). Therefore, experienced skiers with better SEDP demonstrated more efficient cycles, potentially accomplished using dynamic full-body DP motion to ascertain effective propulsion. Combined upper body strength and ski-specific skill training may enhance SEDP in novice skiers.