# Bone formation by Irisin-Poly vinyl alchol modified bioglass ceramic beads in the rabbit model

## TL;DR

This study shows that irisin-loaded bioglass beads can enhance bone regeneration in rabbits, offering a potential treatment for slow bone healing in aging populations.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the development of irisin-loaded bioglass beads that demonstrate enhanced bone regeneration in an in vivo rabbit model.

## Key findings

- Irisin-loaded bioglass beads showed highest calcium nodule formation in vitro after two weeks.
- BGI150 samples achieved a BV/TV ratio of 37.1 in vivo after two months.
- Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed new bone formation and osteogenic properties of the irisin-loaded beads.

## Abstract

In the aging society, slow bone regeneration poses a serious hindrance to the quality of life. To deal with this problem, in this study, we have combined irisin with the bioglass regular beads to enhance the bone regeneration process. For this purpose, highly porous bioglass was obtained as spherical beads by using sodium alginate. The bioglass was evaluated by various analytical techniques such as SEM, EDS, XRD, and pore size distribution. The results depicted that porous bioglass was prepared correctly and SEM analysis showed a highly porous bioglass was formulated. On this bioglass, irisin was loaded with the assistance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in three concentrations (50 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 150 ng/ml per 1 g of bioglass). SEM analysis showed that pores are covered with PVA. The irisin release profile showed a sustained release over the time period of 7 days. In vitro, biocompatibility evaluation by the MC3T3E1 cells showed that prepared bioglass and irisin loaded bioglass (BGI50, BGI100, and BG150) are highly biocompatible. Alizarin Red staining analysis showed that after 2 weeks BGI50 samples showed highest calcium nodule formation. In vivo in the rabbit femur model was conducted for 1 and 2 months. BGI150 samples showed highest BV/TV ratio of 37.1 after 2 months. The histological data showed new bone formation surrounding the beads and with beads loaded with irisin. Immunohistochemistry using markers OPN, RUNX, COL, and ALP supported the osteogenic properties of the irisin-loaded bioglass beads. The results indicated that irisin-loaded bioglass displayed remarkable bone regeneration.