# Resting-state functional MRI study of conventional MRI-negative intractable epilepsy in children

## TL;DR

This study used brain scans to find differences in brain connectivity in children with hard-to-treat epilepsy who have normal MRI results.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific brain regions with altered connectivity in MRI-negative intractable epilepsy and links these to cognitive function and disease duration.

## Key findings

- ITE patients showed decreased and increased functional connectivity in specific brain regions compared to healthy controls and nITE patients.
- Altered connectivity in the left caudate was correlated with verbal IQ and disease duration in ITE patients.
- Changes in temporal and prefrontal connectivity may explain drug resistance in ITE.

## Abstract

The study aimed at investigating functional connectivity strength (FCS) changes in children with MRI-negative intractable epilepsy (ITE) and evaluating correlations between aberrant FCS and both disease duration and intelligence quotient (IQ).

Fifteen children with ITE, 24 children with non-intractable epilepsy (nITE) and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) were subjected to rs-fMRI. IQ was evaluated by neuropsychological assessment. Voxelwise analysis of covariance was conducted in the whole brain, and then pairwise comparisons were made across three groups using Bonferroni corrections.

FCS was significantly different among three groups. Relative to HCs, ITE patients exhibited decreased FCS in right temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, etc and increased FCS values in left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, supplementary motor area, caudate and right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex and midbrain. The nITE patients presented decreased FCS in right orbital superior frontal gyrus, precuneus etc and increased FCS in bilateral fusiform gyri, parahippocampal gyri, etc. In comparison to nITE patients, the ITE patients presented decreased FCS in right medial superior frontal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus and increased FCS in right middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex. Correlation analysis indicated that FCS in left caudate demonstrated correlation with verbal IQ (VIQ) and disease duration.

ITE patients demonstrated changed FCS values in the temporal and prefrontal cortices relative to nITE patients, which may be related to drug resistance in epilepsy. FCS in the left caudate nucleus associated with VIQ, suggesting the caudate may become a key target for improving cognitive impairment and seizures in children with ITE.