# Sebaceous carcinoma in a 54-year-old Black African man after cancer chemotherapy: a case report

## TL;DR

A rare case of sebaceous carcinoma in a Black African man is reported, occurring after cancer chemotherapy and presenting as an eyelid mass with spontaneous bleeding.

## Contribution

This is the first reported case of sebaceous carcinoma in a Black African man following cancer chemotherapy.

## Key findings

- Sebaceous carcinoma is extremely rare in Black Africans.
- The tumor presented as an eyelid mass with spontaneous bleeding.
- Chemotherapy may be linked to the development of sebaceous carcinoma through mutagenic effects or Muir–Torre syndrome.

## Abstract

Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare malignant skin adnexal tumor that is occasionally aggressive. We have not seen a case of sebaceous carcinoma in our center in the last 10 years. It is extremely rare in Black Africans.

We described the case of a 55-year-old man African man who presented to our ophthalmologist with complaints of growth on the right upper eyelid for 8 months. He had surgery and chemotherapy for rectal carcinoma 6 years prior to presentation and received his last dose of chemotherapy 5 years before seeing our ophthalmologist. There was a history of spontaneous unprovoked bleeding from the lesion. He subsequently underwent surgical excision under general anesthesia. Histology of the mass showed an effaced architecture due to proliferating malignant epithelial cells disposed as trabecules, solid nests, and tongues. The microscopic features of widespread multivacuolated cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells led us to conclude that the tumor was a sebaceous carcinoma. The patient is alive and well.

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant skin adnexal tumor in Black Africans. It can present as an eyelid mass with spontaneous bleeding. It can follow cancer chemotherapy either because of its association with other tumors in Muir–Torre syndrome or because of mutagenic effects of chemotherapeutic agents.