# The effects of thymidylate synthase 3'UTR genotype on methylation of tumor-specific genes promoter in 22 colorectal cancer patients from southern Iran

## TL;DR

This study explores how a genetic variant in thymidylate synthase affects gene methylation in colorectal cancer patients from southern Iran.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific TS genotypes associated with altered methylation patterns of tumor-related genes in CRC patients.

## Key findings

- The -6bp/+6bp TS genotype correlates with higher hMLH1 and CDH1 methylation and lower MSH2 methylation.
- Polymorphic TS genotypes influence methylation of p16 and MMP2 promoters.
- DNMTs transcript levels are not associated with gene-specific hypermethylation.

## Abstract

To investigate the effects of thymidylate synthase (TS) 3'UTR genotype on promotor methylation of tumor-related genes in 22 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) from southern Iran. We evaluated the correlations of TS 3'UTR genotype with promoter methylation of hTERT, hMLH1, MSH2, MMP2, CDH1, p14, p16, and p21 genes in CRC patients. The polymorphism of TS 3′UTR was evaluated through mutagenically specific PCR. The genes promoter methylation was determined using methylation-specific PCR. For 10 patients, the gene expression profile of epigenetic regulating enzymes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases
(DNMTs), was also examined in both tumor and normal adjacent tissues by quantitative real time PCR. There was a significant association between the hMLH1 methylation and age of patients (P= 0.039) and also between MSH2 methylation and tumor site (P= 0.036). There was insignificant association between gene-specific methylation and TS 3′UTR genotype. However, all polymorphic genotypes of TS were associated with higher methylation of hMLH1 and CDH1 and lower methylation of MSH2. The -6bp/+6bp (heterozygous mutant) and [-6bp/+6bp, +6bp/+6bp] (homozygous mutant) genotypes resulted in higher methylation of p16, and -6bp/+6bp and [-6bp/+6bp, +6bp/+6bp] genotypes were correlated with lower methylation of MMP2. The overexpression of epigenetic enzymes, HDACs and DNMTs, was also demonstrated. There was no association between DNMTs transcript levels and gene-specific hypermethylation. The polymorphic TS genotypes, especially -6bp/+6bp, could affect methylation frequencies of studied genes. Moreover, promoter methylation status was not dependent on DNMTs gene expression. Large sample size studies may contribute to validate these findings.