# Severe Spinal Cord Inflammation in a Young Woman Diagnosed With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Study

## TL;DR

A young woman with lupus developed severe spinal cord inflammation and responded well to treatment, highlighting the importance of early intervention.

## Contribution

This case study presents a rare complication of SLE and emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of LETM.

## Key findings

- The patient showed T2 hyperintense signals in spinal cord MRI, consistent with LETM.
- Treatment with immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, and steroids led to a favorable response.
- Early intervention is crucial for better outcomes in SLE-related LETM.

## Abstract

We describe a case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), an uncommon and dangerous complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that struck a 22-year-old woman with SLE. Chronic autoimmune illness (e.g., SLE) affects the skin, kidneys, joints, blood, and neurological system, among other organs. LETM is a condition where the spinal cord becomes inflamed and damaged, causing neurological problems, such as weakness, sensory loss, and bladder dysfunction. The patient presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, body aches, and fatigue, followed by shock, hypoxia, urinary retention, and constipation. Moreover, she had severe and asymmetric weakness, sensory loss, and areflexia in her limbs. She was diagnosed with LETM based on a nerve conduction study and MRI of the spine, which showed a motor neuron disease pattern and T2 hyperintense signals throughout the spinal cord gray and white matter. She responded well to immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, and high-dose steroids as treatment. Although her prognosis is favorable, there might be some lingering neurological issues or limitations. This instance highlights the significance of treating individuals with SLE as soon as possible after developing LETM.