# Using Diagnostic Radiological Imaging Modalities to Explore Neurological Dysfunction and Renal Failure in the Intersection of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Macrophage Activation Syndrome, and Lupus

## TL;DR

This case report explores a rare overlap of three complex diseases in a 39-year-old patient, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The report provides new clinical insights into the intersection of HLH, MAS, and SLE through a detailed case study.

## Key findings

- The patient exhibited neurological dysfunction and renal failure linked to overlapping HLH, MAS, and SLE.
- The case highlights the diagnostic complexity and management challenges of these rare, overlapping conditions.
- The report emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in diagnosing and treating such complex cases.

## Abstract

This comprehensive case report and literature review explore the intricate intersection of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a 39-year-old patient, emphasizing the challenging diagnostic and therapeutic landscape. The patient's journey includes neurological dysfunction, renal failure, and clinical complexities, showcasing the rarity of these overlapping conditions. The report explains the diagnostic process, clinical and laboratory findings, specialty consultations, and treatment decisions leading to the diagnosis of SLE with features of MAS overlapping with HLH. By offering insights into the latest research and clinical perspectives, this case report contributes to a deeper understanding of these disorders, aiming to guide clinicians in recognizing and managing such intricate cases effectively.