# Instrumented insoles for assessment of gait in patients with vestibular schwannoma

## TL;DR

This study uses instrumented insoles to assess gait in patients with vestibular schwannoma, revealing new insights into how tumor size affects walking patterns.

## Contribution

The novel use of custom-engineered instrumented insoles provides a new method for capturing detailed gait metrics in vestibular schwannoma patients.

## Key findings

- FGA scores were significantly correlated with gait metrics like stride length and velocity from the 2MWT and USWT.
- Tumor diameter was negatively associated with stride time and swing time during the 2MWT.
- Instrumented insoles revealed associations between tumor size and gait dysfunction not captured by standard assessments.

## Abstract

Imbalance and gait disturbances are common in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) and can result in significant morbidity. Current methods for quantitative gait analysis are cumbersome and difficult to implement. Here, we use custom-engineered instrumented insoles to evaluate the gait of patients diagnosed with VS.

Twenty patients with VS were recruited from otology, neurosurgery, and radiation oncology clinics at a tertiary referral center. Functional gait assessment (FGA), 2-minute walk test (2MWT), and uneven surface walk test (USWT) were performed. Custom-engineered instrumented insoles, equipped with an 8-cell force sensitive resistor (FSR) and a 9-degree-of-freedom inertial measurement unit (IMU), were used to collect stride-by-stride spatiotemporal gait parameters, from which mean values and coefficients of variation (CV) were determined for each patient.

FGA scores were significantly correlated with gait metrics obtained from the 2MWT and USWT, including stride length, stride velocity, normalized stride length, normalized stride velocity, stride length CV, and stride velocity CV. Tumor diameter was negatively associated with stride time and swing time on the 2MWT; no such association existed between tumor diameter and FGA or DHI.

Instrumented insoles may unveil associations between VS tumor size and gait dysfunction that cannot be captured by standardized clinical assessments and self-reported questionnaires.