# Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in Patients with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Real-World Experience

## TL;DR

This study found that patients with neuroimmunological disorders had weaker antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines compared to healthy individuals, especially when on immunomodulating treatments.

## Contribution

The study provides real-world evidence of reduced vaccine effectiveness in neuroimmunological patients due to immunomodulating therapies.

## Key findings

- Patients with neuroimmunological disorders had significantly lower antibody titers than healthy controls.
- Immunomodulating treatments were correlated with reduced antibody levels after vaccination.
- mRNA vaccines were associated with higher antibody concentrations compared to other types.

## Abstract

This study evaluates the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with neuroimmunological disorders (pwNID) who are receiving immunomodulating treatments, compared to healthy individuals. It included 25 pwNID with conditions such as optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis, as well as 56 healthy controls. All participants had completed their full SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedule, and their blood samples were collected within six months of their last dose. The concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that pwNID had significantly lower antibody titers (58.4 ± 49.2 RU/mL) compared to healthy individuals (81.7 ± 47.3 RU/mL). This disparity persisted even after adjusting for age and the interval between the final vaccination and sample collection. A notable correlation was found between the use of immunomodulating treatments and reduced antibody levels, whereas mRNA vaccines were linked to higher antibody concentrations. The conclusion of this study is that immunomodulating treatments may reduce the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pwNID. This insight is crucial for healthcare providers in designing vaccination strategies and managing treatment plans for pwNID on immunomodulating therapies, highlighting the need for personalized approaches in this subgroup.