# Case report: Synchronous tumors of the female reproductive tract in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of two cases and review of the literature

## TL;DR

This case report highlights rare instances of multiple reproductive tract cancers occurring simultaneously in two women with systemic lupus erythematosus, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and screening.

## Contribution

The paper presents two rare cases of synchronous reproductive tract tumors in SLE patients, contributing to the limited literature on this phenomenon.

## Key findings

- Two SLE patients presented with multiple synchronous reproductive tract tumors.
- SLE patients with multiple malignancies tend to have late-stage diagnoses and poor survival outcomes.
- The cases underscore the importance of comprehensive cancer screening in SLE patients.

## Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems. Patients with SLE are prone to a variety of malignancies, especially neoplasms of the female reproductive tract. Synchronous tumors, considered to involve multiple sites, are rare in the female reproductive tract. There are hardly any reports of SLE with synchronous reproductive tract tumors.

We report the occurrence of two to three reproductive tract tumors in two women with SLE. A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with vulvar cancer and cervical cancer. Another woman, aged 67, was diagnosed with concurrent vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, and cervical cancer and also presented with a suspected lung cancer.

The presence of synchronous tumors of the reproductive tract in patients with SLE is uncommon and can be easily disregarded. It is crucial to highlight that SLE patients with multiple primary malignancies exhibit notable late-stage presentation at the time of diagnosis, inadequate disease-free survival, poor overall survival, rapid progression rates, and mortality. Consequently, greater awareness must be raised regarding synchronous reproductive tract tumors in patients with SLE. Regular comprehensive cancer screening and management should be implemented for individuals diagnosed with SLE.