Impact of Sarcopenia on Prognosis in Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: A Single Center Retrospective Study

TL;DR

This study found that muscle loss (sarcopenia) worsens survival outcomes in liver cancer patients treated with chemoembolization, and a new risk system helps predict prognosis.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel prognostic risk grading system combining sarcopenia, tumor size, and AFP levels for hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with TACE.

Findings

Sarcopenia significantly reduced overall and progression-free survival in HCC patients after TACE.

A risk grading system using sarcopenia, AFP ≥ 200 ng/mL, and tumor diameter ≥8.9 cm effectively predicted prognosis.

AFP and tumor size were confirmed as independent risk factors for poor outcomes alongside sarcopenia.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of sarcopenia on primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 265 patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent TACE between April 2014 and February 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: the sarcopenia group (n=133) and the non-sarcopenia group (n=132). The study analyzed the differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using Kaplan-Meier curves. The independent risk factors for OS and PFS were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on these factors, the study constructed a prognostic risk grading system.

Results: At 3 and 6 months post-TACE, the prognoses of the sarcopenia group were worse than that of the non-sarcopenia group according to the mRECIST criteria. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the cumulative OS and PFS rate in the non-sarcopenia group were significantly higher compared to the sarcopenia group (HR=3.319, 95%CI: 2.283-4.824, Log-rank P < 0.001; HR=0.631, 95%CI: 0.486-0.820, Log-rank P < 0.001). Sarcopenia, maximal tumor diameter, and AFP ≥ 200 ng/mL were independent risk factors for OS and PFS. The prognostic risk grading system based on sarcopenia, AFP ≥ 200 ng/mL, and maximal tumor diameter≥8.9 cm showed significant differences in prognosis between risk groups.

Conclusion: Sarcopenia had excellent predictive value for OS and PFS in patients after TACE, and AFP ≥ 200 ng/mL and maximal tumor diameter were also independent risk factors for a poor prognosis. The prognostic risk grading system based on sarcopenia, AFP, and maximal tumor diameter had good guiding value for the prognosis of patients.

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