Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter on computed tomography for the differentiation of transient ischemic attacks

TL;DR

This study shows that measuring optic nerve sheath diameter via CT scans can help distinguish between transient ischemic attacks and strokes.

Contribution

The study introduces optic nerve sheath diameter as a potential diagnostic marker for differentiating transient ischemic attacks from stroke.

Findings

Optic nerve sheath diameter was significantly higher in stroke and TIA groups compared to controls.

A cutoff value of 4.72 provided high sensitivity and specificity for predicting TIA.

Stroke subgroups had higher optic nerve sheath diameters than TIA patients.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the measurement of mean optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with transient ischemic attack could be used to distinguish between control groups, the acute ischemic stroke group, and subgroups within the acute ischemic stroke category.

Retrospectively, the mean optic nerve sheath diameters of patients aged 18 years and older belonging to control, transient ischemic attack, acute ischemic stroke, and subgroups within the acute ischemic stroke category were measured with initial computed tomography conducted in the emergency department.

Out of the 773 patients included in the study, 318 (41.1%) were in the control group, 77 (10%) had transient ischemic attack, and 378 (49%) were categorized as stroke patients. The average mean optic nerve sheath diameter was significantly higher in both the stroke and transient ischemic attack groups compared with the control group (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Furthermore, the mean optic nerve sheath diameter in the stroke subgroups was significantly higher than in both the transient ischemic attack and control groups (p<0.001 for all comparisons). In transient ischemic attack patients, the mean optic nerve sheath diameter showed a significant ability to predict transient ischemic attack (AUC=0.913, p<0.001), with a calculated optimal cutoff value of 4.72, sensitivity of 94.8%, and specificity of 73.9%.

The mean optic nerve sheath diameter of patients in the transient ischemic attack group was lower compared with those in the stroke subgroups but higher compared with the control group.

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