Insights Into Ocular Resilience: Unraveling the Epidemiology, Prognostic Factors, and Visual Triumphs of Open Globe Injuries in the COVID-19 Era at a Leading Tertiary Care Centre of Western Rajasthan, India

TL;DR

This study examines open globe injuries in Western Rajasthan, India, focusing on demographics, causes, and visual outcomes, especially among young males.

Contribution

The study provides insights into the epidemiology and prognostic factors of open globe injuries in a specific Indian region during the COVID-19 era.

Findings

Young males were most affected, with 47.5% of cases in the 0-15 age group.

Rupture injuries were more common than penetrating injuries, with wood sticks as the primary cause.

Higher injury grades correlated with worse visual outcomes, emphasizing the need for safety measures.

Abstract

Introduction: This study was conducted to describe the epidemiology, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes of open globe injuries (OGIs) at a tertiary care centre in Western Rajasthan, India.

Methods: Data of OGI patients treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, from March 2019 to December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic details including age, gender, place of injury, wound characteristics (i.e., cause, mechanism, location, and size), visual acuity (VA), and associated ocular injuries were recorded. The Ocular Trauma Classification System (OTCS) and the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) were used to categorize OGIs. All the data was entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).

Results: A total of 40 patients with OGIs were included. OGI was discovered to be four times higher in males and 47.5% of the total cases were observed in patients aged 0-15 years, followed by patients aged 16-30 (27.5%). The rupture injury showed a higher incidence rate (32.5%) than the penetrating injury (62.5%). Of all OGIs, 75% were grade 4 injuries, with zone 1 being the most often affected zone and wood stick injury being the most prevalent aetiology. A significant difference was noted (p<0.001) in comparing presenting VA with final VA with paired sample t-test. A negative Spearman correlation was noted between age and final VA (r = 0.53, p = 0.000), and the grade of injury and final VA (r = 0.51, p = 0.001.)

Conclusion: Young males were the most susceptible group to sustain OGIs due to their more physical activities. Health education and safety in the workplace and during sports are crucial to reduce the incidence of OGI.