# One-and-a-Half Syndrome in a Case of Brainstem Bleed

## TL;DR

This paper reports a case of a 42-year-old woman with a rare eye movement disorder caused by a brainstem bleed.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in presenting a rare case of OHS caused by a brainstem hemorrhage rather than the usual ischemic or demyelinating causes.

## Key findings

- The patient exhibited complete horizontal gaze palsy in one direction and internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other.
- Brainstem pathology was confirmed in the emergency department based on cranial nerve examination findings.
- The case highlights the importance of considering hemorrhage as a cause of OHS.

## Abstract

One-and-a-half syndrome (OHS) is a horizontal gaze palsy in one direction with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in the other. The only eye movement possible is the abduction of the contralateral eye with nystagmus. The usual structures affected are the medial longitudinal fasciculus and paramedian pontine reticular formation or the abducens nucleus. Most commonly, the OHS is caused by ischemia and demyelinating lesions. The other causes include infectious, neoplastic, and rarely traumatic. We report a case of a 42-year-old non-compliant hypertensive female who presented with giddiness, projectile vomiting, and right-sided hemiparesis and was found to have OHS on cranial nerve examination in the emergency department (ED). In the ED, the presence of complete horizontal gaze palsy in one direction with INO in the other direction should raise suspicion of a brainstem pathology.