Depression among People Living With HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

TL;DR

This study found a 10.4% prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary care center.

Contribution

The study provides updated data on depression prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients in a post-COVID socio-cultural context.

Findings

Depression prevalence was 10.4% among 183 HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Depression rates were higher compared to similar studies in similar settings.

Timely mental health assessment and management are recommended to improve patient outcomes.

Abstract

HIV affects mental health in multiple ways, including its direct pathophysiological effects, associated stigma, impacts on social, and economic dimensions, medications used for long durations and multiple secondary physical health issues that affect the clients and comorbid substance use. In the post-COVID era, in our socio-cultural and geographical context, depression among these populations needs assessment to evaluate their mental health care needs. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression among people living with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary care centre.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre from December 2021 to November 2022 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 078/79-006) from the same institute. Convenience sampling method was used. Clients 18 years and above under antiretroviral therapy were included and those acutely medically ill were excluded. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used as a self-administered, valid, screening tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.

Among 183 participants, the prevalence of depression was 19 (10.4%) (5.98-14.82, 95% Confidence Interval).

Depression was found higher among people living with HIV/AIDS as compared to the other studies done in similar settings. Assessment and timely management of depression could be an important step in improving lives and the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS intervention efforts, ultimately improving access to mental health care and universal health coverage.