The Relationship of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Cognitive Performance in Frontotemporal Dementia

TL;DR

This study explores how cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers relate to cognitive performance in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Contribution

The study identifies distinct correlations between total tau and cognitive scores in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Findings

Total tau levels negatively correlate with cognitive scores in both FTD and AD patients.

Phosphorylated tau at 181 shows significant correlation with cognitive scores only in AD patients.

Amyloid β 1–42 levels do not significantly correlate with cognitive scores in either group.

Abstract

Currently available literature on the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and cognitive performance in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is very limited and inconclusive. In this study, we investigated the association of cognition, as measured with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with CSF levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181), and amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) in a group of patients with FTD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

We conducted a retrospective cohort study with participants selected from the electronic records of patients seen at Yale New Haven Hospital’s Memory Clinic, CT, USA. We included 61 patients, 28 with FTD (mean age = 64.1) and 33 with AD (mean age = 66.8).

T-tau levels negatively and significantly correlated with total MoCA scores as well as the different MoCA index scores in both the FTD (r=−0.469, p < 0.05) and AD (r=−0.545, p < 0.01) groups. There were no significant associations with MoCA scores and p-tau181 levels in patients with FTD (r=−0.224, p > 0.05), unlike patients with AD, who exhibited significant correlations (r=−0.549, p < 0.01). Also, Aβ1–42 levels were not significantly correlated with MoCA scores in either of the FTD and AD groups.

CSF concentrations of t-tau are inversely correlated to cognitive performance in patients with FTD and both t-tau and p-tau181 in AD. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between clinical cognitive performance and tau-related pathology in FTD.

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