# Molecular Rapid Test for Identification of Tuna Species

## TL;DR

A new rapid test can visually detect tuna species adulteration in food products within 15 minutes using DNA and gold nanoparticles.

## Contribution

The first visual molecular rapid test for tuna species authenticity using gold nanoparticle reporters.

## Key findings

- The method detected as low as 1% tuna adulteration with the naked eye.
- The test was specific and reproducible for three tuna species in both fresh and heat-treated samples.
- Visual results were obtained within 10–15 minutes using a low-cost and simple procedure.

## Abstract

Tuna is an excellent food product, relatively low in calories, that is recommended for a balanced diet. The continuously increasing demand, especially for bluefin-tuna-based food preparations, and its relatively high market price make adulteration by intentionally mixing with other lower-priced tunas more prospective. The development of rapid methods to detect tuna adulteration is a great challenge in food analytical science. We have thus developed a simple, fast, and low-cost molecular rapid test for the visual detection of tuna adulteration. It is the first sensor developed for tuna authenticity testing. The three species studied were Thunnus thynnus (BFT), Thunnus albacares, and Katsuwonus pelamis. DNA was isolated from fresh and heat-treated cooked fish samples followed by PCR. The PCR products were hybridized (10 min) to specific probes and applied to the rapid sensing device. The signal was observed visually in 10–15 min using gold nanoparticle reporters. The method was evaluated employing binary mixtures of PCR products from fresh tissues and mixtures of DNA isolates from heat-treated tissues (canned products) at adulteration percentages of 1–100%. The results showed that the method was reproducible and specific for each tuna species. As low as 1% of tuna adulteration was detected with the naked eye.