A105 PILOT STUDY ON THE ACCURACY OF CHATGPT IN ARTICLE SCREENING FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY

TL;DR

This study tests how well ChatGPT can help screen articles for gastroenterology systematic reviews, finding it accurate for inclusion but not for exclusion.

Contribution

The study is the first to evaluate ChatGPT 3.5's accuracy in article screening for gastroenterology systematic reviews.

Findings

ChatGPT correctly identified included studies at rates ranging from 60% to 100%.

ChatGPT correctly identified excluded studies at rates ranging from 0% to 50%.

The model performed better at inclusion than exclusion decisions.

Abstract

Systematic reviews synthesize extant research to answer a research question in a way that minimizes bias. After articles for potential inclusion are identified by sensitive searches, screening requires human expert review, which may be time-consuming and subjective. Large language models such as ChatGPT may have potential for this application.

This pilot study aims to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT 3.5 in screening of articles for systematic reviews in gastroenterology by (1) identifying if articles were correctly included and (2) excluding articles reported by authors as difficult to assess.

We searched the Cochrane Library for gastroenterology systematic reviews (January 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023) and selected the 10 most cited studies. The test set used to determine the accuracy of Open AI’s ChatGPT 3.5 model for included studies was the final list of included studies for each Cochrane review. The test set used for studies challenging to assess was the “excluded studies” list as defined in the Cochrane Handbook. Figure 1 shows the prompt used for the screening query. Articles were omitted if they did not have digital sources, abstracts or methods. Each article was screened 10 times to account for variability within ChatGPT’s outputs. Articles with ≥5 inclusion results were counted as an included study.

ChatGPT correctly identified included studies at rates ranging from 60% to 100%. ChatGPT correctly identified exlcuded studies at rates ranging from 0% to 50% (Table 1). A total of 265 articles were screened.

In this pilot study, we demonstrated that ChatGPT is accurate in identifying articles screened for inclusion in Cochrane reviews; however, it is inaccurate in excluding articles described by the authors as being difficult to assess. We hypothesize that the GPT 3.5 model can read for keywords and broad interventions but is unable to reason cognitively, as an expert would, as to why a study may be excluded. We aim to review reasons for exclusion in future work.

Table 1. Screening Results of ChatGPT

Figure 1. ChatGPT Screening Prompt

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