Enhancing misinformation correction: New variants and a combination of awareness training and counter-speech to mitigate belief perseverance bias

TL;DR

This study shows that combining awareness training and counter-speech is more effective than using either alone to reduce belief perseverance bias after misinformation is retracted.

Contribution

The study introduces new variants of debiasing techniques and demonstrates the superior effectiveness of combining awareness training with counter-speech.

Findings

Awareness-training and counter-speech techniques effectively mitigate belief perseverance bias.

New variants of these techniques show no significant difference in effectiveness compared to original versions.

Combining awareness training and counter-speech is more effective than using either method alone.

Abstract

Belief perseverance bias refers to individuals’ tendency to persevere in biased opinions even after the misinformation that initially shaped those opinions has been retracted. This study contributes to research on reducing the negative impact of misinformation by mitigating the belief perseverance bias. The study explores the previously proposed awareness-training and counter-speech debiasing techniques, further developing them by introducing new variants and combining them. We investigate their effectiveness in mitigating the belief perseverance bias after the retraction of misinformation related to a real-life issue in an experiment involving N = 876 individuals, of whom 364 exhibit belief perseverance bias. The effectiveness of the debiasing techniques is assessed by measuring the difference between the baseline opinions before exposure to misinformation and the opinions after exposure to a debiasing technique. Our study confirmed the effectiveness of the awareness-training and counter-speech debiasing techniques in mitigating the belief perseverance bias, finding no discernible differences in the effectiveness between the previously proposed and the new variants. Moreover, we observed that the combination of awareness training and counter-speech is more effective in mitigating the belief perseverance bias than the single debiasing techniques.

Figures