Left Ventricular Non-Compaction in Children: Aetiology and Diagnostic Criteria

TL;DR

This paper discusses the causes and diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction in children, highlighting the need for better diagnostic standards.

Contribution

The paper provides an overview of the aetiology and evolving diagnostic criteria for LVNC in pediatric patients.

Findings

LVNC in children is increasing due to improved imaging techniques.

LVNC can be genetic or acquired and presents with varied clinical symptoms.

Diagnostic criteria remain inconsistent, leading to ongoing scientific debate.

Abstract

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous myocardial disorder characterized by prominent trabeculae protruding into the left ventricular lumen and deep intertrabecular recesses. LVNC can manifest in isolation or alongside other heart muscle diseases. Its occurrence among children is rising due to advancements in imaging techniques. The origins of LVNC are diverse, involving both genetic and acquired forms. The clinical manifestation varies greatly, with some cases presenting no symptoms, while others typically manifesting with heart failure, systemic embolism, and arrhythmias. Diagnosis mainly relies on assessing heart structure using imaging tools like echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. However, the absence of a universally agreed-upon standard and limitations in diagnostic criteria have led to ongoing debates in the scientific community regarding the most reliable methods. Further research is crucial to enhance the diagnosis of LVNC, particularly in early life stages.