# Designing and Evaluating a Nutrition Recommender System for Improving Food Security in a Developing Country

## TL;DR

This paper presents a nutrition recommender system designed to help people in Iran choose healthy and affordable meals to improve food security.

## Contribution

The study introduces a new nutrition recommender system tailored for food security in a developing country, incorporating expert validation and usability evaluation.

## Key findings

- A web-based system named TanSa was developed to recommend healthy and affordable meals based on user characteristics.
- The system's usability was evaluated using Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation, with a mean severity score of 1.2 indicating minor issues.
- The system includes 72 meals categorized into three price levels, confirmed by nutritionists and informatics experts.

## Abstract

Due to the increased price of foods in recent years and the diminished food security in Iran, nutrition recommender systems can suggest the most suitable and affordable foods and diets to users based on their health status and food preferences.

The present study aimed to design and evaluate a recommender system to suggest healthy and affordable meals and provide a tele-nutrition consulting service.

This applied three-phase study was conducted in 2020. In the first stage, the food items’ daily prices were extracted from credible sources, and accordingly, meals were placed in three price categories. After conducting a systematic review of similar systems, the requirements and data elements were specified and confirmed by 10 nutritionists and 10 health information management and medical informatics experts. In the second phase, the software was designed and developed based on the findings. In the third phase, system usability was evaluated by four experts based on Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation.

Initially, 72 meals complying with nutritional principles were placed in three price categories. Following a literature review and expert survey, 31 data elements were specified for the system, and the experts confirmed system requirements. Based on the information collected in the previous stage, the Web-based software TanSa in the Persian language was designed, developed, and presented on a unique domain. During the evaluation, the mean severity of the problems associated with Nielsen’s 10 principles was 1.2, which is regarded as minor.

To promote food security, the designed system recommends healthy, nutritional, and affordable meals to individuals and households based on user characteristics.