# Cellular Stress Responses against Coronavirus Infection: A Means of the Innate Antiviral Defense

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how cellular stress responses, including stress granules, help defend against viral infections like coronaviruses and how viruses try to suppress these defenses.

## Contribution

The paper provides a detailed review of antiviral stress granules and their role in innate immunity against coronaviruses.

## Key findings

- Stress granules act as platforms for antiviral sensors during viral infections.
- Coronaviruses have evolved strategies to suppress antiviral stress granule formation.
- Antiviral stress granules are closely linked to the host's innate immune response.

## Abstract

Cellular stress responses are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Stress granules (SGs), activated by eIF2α kinases in response to various stimuli, play a pivotal role in dealing with diverse stress conditions. Viral infection, as one kind of cellular stress, triggers specific cellular programs aimed at overcoming virus-induced stresses. Recent studies have revealed that virus-derived stress responses are tightly linked to the host's antiviral innate immunity. Virus infection-induced SGs act as platforms for antiviral sensors, facilitating the initiation of protective antiviral responses called "antiviral stress granules" (avSGs). However, many viruses, including coronaviruses, have evolved strategies to suppress avSG formation, thereby counteracting the host's immune responses. This review discusses the intricate relationship between cellular stress responses and antiviral innate immunity, with a specific focus on coronaviruses. Furthermore, the diverse mechanisms employed by viruses to counteract avSGs are described.