# Uncommon Haematological Transformation: Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Transitioning Into Plasma Cell Leukaemia in a Single Patient

## TL;DR

A patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia developed plasma cell leukaemia, highlighting a rare disease transformation.

## Contribution

This case study reports a rare transformation from CML to PCL and suggests a possible role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in triggering it.

## Key findings

- A patient with CML transitioned to plasma cell leukaemia after two years of imatinib treatment.
- The transformation was confirmed through haematological tests and peripheral smear analysis.
- The case suggests a possible link between tyrosine kinase inhibitors and disease transformation.

## Abstract

A 40-year-old male patient who was a known case of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) was diagnosed two years back on tab imatinib 400 mg/day; he came with complaints of easy fatigability, syncopal attacks, and bone pain associated with low-grade fever for 15 days. Repeat haematological profile and a peripheral smear of the patient suggested features of plasma cell leukaemia (PCL)/plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). A definitive treatment protocol of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for PCL was prescribed to the patient. This medical case study emphasizes the rare possibility of the transformation of CML into PCL and the possible trigger of tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the same.