# Metabolic abnormalities in the bone marrow cells of young offspring born to obese mothers

## TL;DR

Offspring of obese mothers show early metabolic and immune changes in bone marrow, even before developing obesity symptoms.

## Contribution

A mouse model reveals early metabolic and immune alterations in bone marrow cells of offspring from obese mothers.

## Key findings

- Bone marrow cells of offspring from high-fat diet-fed mothers show increased glucose utilization via oxidative phosphorylation.
- Reduced amino acid levels in bone marrow cells of offspring from high-fat diet-fed mothers are linked to aging.
- Unique B cell populations and increased COX-2 expression are observed in offspring of high-fat diet-fed mothers.

## Abstract

Intrauterine metabolic reprogramming occurs in obese mothers during gestation, putting the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and associated metabolic disorders even before birth. We have generated a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet-induced obesity that recapitulates the metabolic changes seen in humans born to obese women. Here, we profiled and compared the metabolic characteristics of bone marrow cells of newly weaned 3-week-old offspring of dams fed either a high-fat (Off-HFD) or a regular diet (Off-RD). We utilized a state-of-the-art targeted metabolomics approach coupled with a Seahorse metabolic analyzer. We revealed significant metabolic perturbation in the offspring of HFD-fed vs. RD-fed dams, including utilization of glucose primarily via oxidative phosphorylation. We also found a reduction in levels of amino acids, a phenomenon previously linked to bone marrow aging. Using flow cytometry, we identified a unique B cell population expressing CD19 and CD11b in the bone marrow of three-week-old offspring of high-fat diet-fed mothers, and found increased expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on myeloid CD11b, and on CD11bhi B cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that the offspring of obese mothers show metabolic and immune changes in the bone marrow at a very young age and prior to any symptomatic metabolic disease.