# Oral manifestation in a pediatric patient with pentasomy x. A case report

## TL;DR

This case report describes the rare genetic condition Pentasomy X in a 6-year-old girl, focusing on her oral health and the challenges of dental treatment.

## Contribution

The paper presents a rare case of Pentasomy X with detailed oral and medical features, highlighting the lack of dental care information for such patients.

## Key findings

- The patient had ulcers in the attached gingival and tongue mucosa, with no dental hypersensitivity or caries.
- Palliative oral treatment and surveillance were chosen due to the patient's complex medical condition.
- Less than 30 cases of Pentasomy X have been reported, emphasizing the rarity and lack of dental care guidelines for this condition.

## Abstract

To describe the oral finding, physical features and medical features with the genetic diagnosis of a Pentasomy X.

A 6-year-old female patient was referred for oral evaluation presenting acute pain related to ulcers in the attached gingival and dorsum of tongue mucosa. Medical history revealed Pentasomy X associated with interatrial communication, convergent strabismus, recurrent seizures, dysautonomia, episodes of thrombosis and cognitive delay with limited oral communication skills. A palliative oral treatment was applied. Oral hygiene improvement and surveillance were decided considering the absence of dental hypersensitivity, post eruptive enamel breakdowns or dental caries. Less than 30 cases had been reported in the literature, reflecting the rare nature of this genetic disorder and with great difficulties to perform dental treatment. As regards the oral health status of these patients, with an emphasis on dental care, information is totally lacking.

Oral care in patients with genetic syndromes must consider the status in general health to prevent medical complications associated with oral disease or dental treatment. Minimal intervention and surveillance are appropriate options in customized therapy.