# Effect of single-administration of d-sorbitol pretreatment on the bitterness and continued willingness to take asenapine: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

## TL;DR

This study found that rinsing with d-sorbitol before taking asenapine reduces its bitter taste, potentially improving patient adherence, especially in those not used to the taste.

## Contribution

The study introduces d-sorbitol as a novel pretreatment to mitigate the bitterness of asenapine in schizophrenia patients.

## Key findings

- d-sorbitol significantly reduced the bitterness of asenapine (p = 0.038).
- d-sorbitol improved willingness to continue asenapine use, particularly in patients not accustomed to its taste.
- The effect was observed in a single administration of d-sorbitol.

## Abstract

Asenapine has unique orally-related side effects, such as a bitter taste induced by sublingual administration, which often results in discontinuation of the medication. While the FDA has approved black-cherry-flavored asenapine, several countries have prescribed only unflavored versions. Specifically, Asians commonly report experiencing the bitterness of asenapine because they are more sensitive to bitter tastes than other ethnic groups. In this study, with the aim of improving adherence by reducing the bitterness of asenapine, we investigated the effects of d-sorbitol, which reduced the bitterness parameters of taste sensors in our previous basic study on the bitterness and continuity of asenapine among patients with schizophrenia.

Twenty adult patients with schizophrenia were included in this single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants rinsed their mouths with single-administration of d-sorbitol or a placebo prior to each administration of asenapine. We then conducted the questionnaires and assessed changes in the bitterness of asenapine (primary end point) and willingness to continue its use (secondary end point).

d-sorbitol significantly improved the bitterness of asenapine (p = 0.038). Although it did not significantly increase the willingness to continue asenapine (p = 0.180), it did show improvement over the placebo in enhancing willingness to continue, especially in patients who were not accustomed to its taste.

Our findings indicate that single-administration of d-sorbitol significantly reduces the bitterness of asenapine. In countries where flavored asenapine is not available, this finding could benefit patients who were not accustomed to its bitter taste.

This study was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs041210019) on May 14, 2021.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12888-024-05549-x.