# Changes in Microbiota Composition during the Anaerobic Digestion of Macroalgae in a Three-Stage Bioreactor

## TL;DR

This study explores how mixing macroalgae with other materials in a three-stage bioreactor affects biogas and methane production, and how the microbiota changes during the process.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that a three-stage bioreactor increases methane yield and identifies key microbiota and functional pathways involved in anaerobic digestion of macroalgae.

## Key findings

- Mixing macroalgae with co-substrates increased biogas and methane yield.
- Methane yield increased significantly when organic load rate was reduced.
- The most active methane biosynthesis pathway was identified as PWY-6969 via TCA cycle V.

## Abstract

The use of microalgae as a raw material for biogas production is promising. Macroalgae were mixed with cattle manure, wheat straw, and an inoculant from sewage sludge. Mixing macroalgae with co-substrates increased biogas and methane yield. The research was carried out using a three-stage bioreactor. During biogas production, the dynamics of the composition of the microbiota in the anaerobic chamber of the bioreactor was evaluated. The microbiota composition at different organic load rates (OLRs) of the bioreactor was evaluated. This study also demonstrated that in a three-stage bioreactor, a higher yield of methane in biogas was obtained compared to a single-stage bioreactor. It was found that the most active functional pathway of methane biosynthesis is PWY-6969, which proceeds via the TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase). Microbiota composition and methane yield depended on added volatile solids (VSadded). During the research, it was found that after reducing the ORL from 2.44 to 1.09 kg VS/d, the methane yield increased from 175.2 L CH4/kg VSadded to 323.5 L CH4/kg VSadded.