# Natural Products for Cancer Prevention and Interception: Preclinical and Clinical Studies and Funding Opportunities **Authors:** Edward R. Sauter, Altaf Mohammed PMC · DOI: 10.3390/ph17010136 · 2024-01-20 ## TL;DR This paper reviews natural products for cancer prevention, focusing on human studies and funding opportunities to advance research. ## Contribution The paper highlights the NCI's funding initiatives to encourage natural product research in cancer prevention. ## Key findings - Preclinical findings for natural products often lack confirmation in human studies. - Few combination intervention studies have been conducted, prompting broader preclinical reviews. - The NCI's DCP is offering funding to promote natural product research in cancer prevention. ## Abstract Multiple agents derived from natural products (NPs) have been evaluated for cancer prevention and interception, either alone or in combination. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is very interested in advancing research to identify additional agents that, alone or in combination, may prove useful in cancer prevention. Below, we provide an overview of NP studies in cancer prevention and interception, both individual agents and combination interventions. Given that findings from many preclinical studies evaluating individual agents have generally not been confirmed in human studies, our focus with individual NPs in this review is on studies involving humans, especially clinical trials. Fewer combination intervention studies have been conducted, so we have broadened our review to include preclinical studies. We conclude with how the Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) within the NCI is providing funding to encourage the research community to propose natural product studies in cancer prevention and interception to advance the field. ## Linked entities - **Diseases:** cancer (MONDO:0004992) ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** Dnmt1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) [NCBI Gene 13433] {aka Cxxc9, Dnmt, Dnmt1o, MCMT, MTase, Met-1}, APC (APC regulator of Wnt signaling pathway) [NCBI Gene 324] {aka BTPS2, DESMD, DP2, DP2.5, DP3, GS}, Trp53-ps (transformation related protein 53, pseudogene) [NCBI Gene 22060], ABCB1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1) [NCBI Gene 5243] {aka ABC20, CD243, CLCS, ENPAT, GP170, MDR1}, Mir15b (microRNA 15b) [NCBI Gene 387175] {aka Mirn15b, mir-15b, mmu-mir-15b}, Mir191 (microRNA 191) [NCBI Gene 387186] {aka Mirn191, mir-191, mmu-mir-191}, Mtor (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) [NCBI Gene 56717] {aka 2610315D21Rik, FRAP, FRAP2, Frap1, RAFT1, RAPT1}, CCND2 (cyclin D2) [NCBI Gene 894] {aka KIAK0002, MPPH3}, Ccnd1 (cyclin D1) [NCBI Gene 12443] {aka CycD1, Cyl-1, PRAD1, bcl-1, cD1}, Mapk1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 26413] {aka 9030612K14Rik, ERK, Erk2, MAPK2, PRKM2, Prkm1}, Mir107 (microRNA 107) [NCBI Gene 723826] {aka Mirn107, mir-107, mmu-mir-107}, Mki67 (antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67) [NCBI Gene 17345] {aka D630048A14Rik, Ki-67, Ki67}, Akt1 (Akt serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 11651] {aka Akt, LTR-akt, PKB, PKB/Akt, PKBalpha, Rac}, Alox5 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) [NCBI Gene 11689] {aka 5-LO, 5-LOX, 5LO, 5LX, F730011J02}, Apc (APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator) [NCBI Gene 11789] {aka CC1, Min, mAPC}, Sfrp5 (secreted frizzled-related sequence protein 5) [NCBI Gene 54612] {aka SARP3}, Cdkn1a (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) [NCBI Gene 12575] {aka CAP20, CDKI, CIP1, Cdkn1, P21, SDI1}, Hist1h3b (histone cluster 1, H3b) [NCBI Gene 680498], Nos2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible) [NCBI Gene 18126] {aka MAC-NOS, NOS-II, Nos-2, Nos2a, i-NOS, iNOS}, Mir324 (microRNA 324) [NCBI Gene 723896] {aka Mirn324, mir-324, mmu-mir-324}, COX2 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit II) [NCBI Gene 17709], KLK3 (kallikrein related peptidase 3) [NCBI Gene 354] {aka APS, KLK2A1, PSA, hK3} - **Diseases:** injury to people or property (MESH:C000719191), precancerous skin lesion (MESH:D011230), foci (MESH:C565785), polyp (MESH:D011127), carcinogenesis (MESH:D063646), Pancreatic Cancer (MESH:D010190), adenocarcinoma (MESH:D000230), bladder cancer (MESH:D001749), pain (MESH:D010146), Genital warts (MESH:D003218), melanoma (MESH:D008545), inflammatory (MESH:D007249), lymphomas (MESH:D008223), gastric cancer (MESH:D013274), precancer lesions (MESH:D009059), Head and Neck Cancer (MESH:D006258), squamous skin cancer (MESH:D018307), UC (MESH:D003093), AK (MESH:D055623), smoking (MESH:D015208), buccal pouch carcinoma (MESH:D019449), Colon (MESH:D003108), glaucoma (MESH:D005901), type 2 diabetes (MESH:D003924), CRC (MESH:D015179), ovarian cancer (MESH:D010051), endometrial and skin cancer (MESH:D016889), leukemias (MESH:D007938), cardiac arrhythmias (MESH:D001145), colon tumor (MESH:D003110), lung, prostate, and stomach (MESH:D011472), gastrointestinal cancers (MESH:D005770), colorectal polyps (MESH:D003111), oral SCC (MESH:D020820), lung, ovarian, and breast cancer (MESH:D061325), hereditary syndromes (MESH:D009386), intestinal polyp (MESH:D007417), squamous cell carcinoma (MESH:D002294), skin disorders (MESH:D012871), FAP (MESH:D011125), Ductal Carcinoma in situ (MESH:D002285), ACF (MESH:D058739), cytotoxicity (MESH:D064420), Breast Cancer (MESH:D001943), liver diseases (MESH:D008107), malaria (MESH:D008288), Cancer (MESH:D009369), lung, prostate, and stomach cancer (MESH:D011471), oral cancer (MESH:D009062), dysplasia (MESH:D015792), Lung Cancer (MESH:D008175), dry mouth (MESH:D014987) - **Chemicals:** piperine (MESH:C008922), Isoflavones (MESH:D007529), PA (MESH:C032208), EPA (MESH:D015118), Lycopene (MESH:D000077276), calcitriol (MESH:D002117), fish oil (MESH:D005395), Quercetin (MESH:D011794), 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (MESH:D019813), emodin (MESH:D004642), monoterpene (MESH:D039821), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (MESH:D015127), difluromethylornithine (MESH:D000518), Selenium (MESH:D012643), metformin (MESH:D008687), Resveratrol (MESH:D000077185), PEITC (MESH:C058305), LTB4 (MESH:D007975), Melatonin (MESH:D008550), digoxin (MESH:D004077), salicylic acid (MESH:D020156), Lipid (MESH:D008055), catechins (MESH:D002392), NNK (MESH:C016583), I3C (MESH:C016517), 4-methylumbelliferone (MESH:D006923), AOM (MESH:D001397), pyruvate (MESH:D019289), SFN (MESH:D000077157), EGCG (MESH:C045651), alpha-tocopherol (MESH:D024502), Vitamin E (MESH:D014810), fatty acids (MESH:D005227), pilocarpine (MESH:D010862), genistein (MESH:D019833), artemisinin (MESH:C031327), n-3 Fatty Acids (MESH:D015525), pectin (MESH:D010368), S-allylcysteine (MESH:C065299), isothiocyanate (MESH:C037152), Sulforaphane (MESH:C016766), retinol (MESH:D014801), honokiol (MESH:C005499), codeine (MESH:D003061), Vitamin D (MESH:D014807), acetamide (MESH:C030686), silibinin (MESH:D000077385), TP-252 (MESH:C000628767), Curcumin (MESH:D003474), vincristine (MESH:D014750), Avmacol ES (-), sulindac (MESH:D013467), IM (MESH:C486592), eicosanoids (MESH:D015777), Aspirin (MESH:D001241), erlotinib (MESH:D000069347), silymarin (MESH:D012838), taxanes (MESH:D043823), 4NQO (MESH:D015112), cocaine (MESH:D003042) - **Species:** Human papillomavirus (species) [taxon 10566], Allium sativum (garlic, species) [taxon 4682], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Allium schoenoprasum (chive, species) [taxon 74900], Euphorbia peplus (petty spurge, species) [taxon 38846], Allium cepa (onion, species) [taxon 4679], Cricetus cricetus (black-bellied hamster, species) [taxon 10034], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Solanum lycopersicum (tomato, species) [taxon 4081], Nicotiana tabacum (American tobacco, species) [taxon 4097], Brassica oleracea var. italica (asparagus broccoli, varietas) [taxon 36774] - **Mutations:** R3327-H - **Cell lines:** SV40 TAg — Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Transformed cell line (CVCL_WN19), R3327-H — Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Adenocarcinoma of the rat prostate, Cancer cell line (CVCL_Y658) ## Figures 1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC10820118/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC10820118