An In Silico Investigation of the Molecular Interactions between Volatile Anesthetics and Actin

TL;DR

This study uses computer modeling to explore how common anesthetics interact with actin, a key protein in cells, to better understand how anesthesia works at the molecular level.

Contribution

The study investigates the molecular interactions between volatile anesthetics and actin using molecular docking simulations.

Findings

Volatile anesthetics interact with actin through Van der Waals and hydrogen bonding, particularly isoflurane and sevoflurane.

Anesthetics exhibit solvent-like behavior, suggesting a potential mechanism for their effects on cellular structures.

The study compares anesthetic interactions with actin and tubulin, providing insights into their molecular targets.

Abstract

Volatile anesthetics (VAs) are medicinal chemistry compounds commonly used to enable surgical procedures for patients who undergo painful treatments and can be partially or fully sedated, remaining in an unconscious state during the operation. The specific molecular mechanism of anesthesia is still an open issue, but scientific evidence supports the hypothesis of the involvement of both putative hydrophobic cavities in membrane receptors as binding pockets and interactions between anesthetics and cytoplasmic proteins. Previous studies demonstrated the binding of VAs to tubulin. Since actin is the other major component of the cytoskeleton, this study involves an investigation of its interactions with four major anesthetics: halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Molecular docking was implemented using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software (version 2022.02) and applied to a G-actin monomer, extrapolating the relative binding affinities and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values. A comparison with the F-actin was also made to assess if the generally accepted idea about the enhanced F-to-G-actin transformation during anesthesia is warranted. Overall, our results confirm the solvent-like behavior of anesthetics, as evidenced by Van der Waals interactions as well as the relevant hydrogen bonds formed in the case of isoflurane and sevoflurane. Also, a comparison of the interactions of anesthetics with tubulin was made. Finally, the short- and long-term effects of anesthetics are discussed for their possible impact on the occurrence of mental disorders.

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