Checklist of the grasses of India
Elizabeth A. Kellogg, J. Richard Abbott, Kamaljit S. Bawa, Kanchi N. Gandhi, B. R. Kailash, K.N. Ganeshaiah, Uttam Babu Shrestha, Peter Raven
TL;DR
This paper provides a comprehensive checklist of grass species found in India, including taxonomic updates and new combinations.
Contribution
The paper introduces twelve new taxonomic combinations for grass species in India.
Findings
India is home to ten of the twelve grass subfamilies.
The checklist includes 1506 species and infraspecific taxa with detailed taxonomic and distributional information.
Twelve new combinations are formally proposed for grass species.
Abstract
A checklist of the grasses of India is presented, as compiled from survey of all available literature. Of the twelve subfamilies of grasses, ten are represented in India. Most subfamilies have been examined by taxonomic experts for up-to-date nomenclature. The list includes 1506 species plus infraspecific taxa and presents information on types, synonyms, distribution within India, and habit. Twelve new combinations are made, viz. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf) Prob. var. aristulata (Stapf) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Chimonocalamus nagalandianus (H.B. Naithani) L.G. Clark, comb. nov.; Chionachne digitata (L.f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Chionachne wallichiana (Nees) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Dinebra polystachyos (R. Br.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata (Basappa & Muniv.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.)…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
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| Pharoideae | (1, redundant) | 1 | 1 |
| Bambusoideae | 2 (of 3) | 32 | 148 |
| Oryzoideae | 3 (of 3) | 6 | 29 |
| Pooideae | 8 (of 11) | 70 | 383 |
| Aristidoideae | (1, redundant) | 2 | 15 |
| Panicoideae | 6 (of 8) | 98 | 668 |
| Danthonioideae | (1, redundant) | 3 | 5 |
| Chloridoideae | 5 (of 5) | 43 | 201 |
| Micrairoideae | (4, not recognized here) | 7 | 50 |
| Arundinoideae | (2, not recognized here) | 4 | 6 |
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Taxonomy
TopicsPlant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics · Botanical Research and Chemistry · Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
Introduction
The following is a checklist of the grasses of India, produced as part of the Plants of India project. The grass family has been the subject of two major new classifications, Kellogg (2015b) and Soreng et al. (2015, 2017), based on phylogenetic data. Even before these appeared, molecular phylogenies had resolved circumscription of the subfamilies and there has been general agreement for at least the last 15 years on the monophyly of the major subfamilies. Nearly all known genera have been firmly assigned to subfamily and a large majority to tribe. Division into subtribes remains an item of discussion in some groups.
The two current classifications are quite similar, which is not surprising since they are based on the same underlying data and phylogenies. Many of the differences reflect simply different preferences for classification. Kellogg (2015b) generally avoids monogeneric tribes or subtribes on the grounds that they convey no phylogenetic information and are unnecessary. This means that, while all genera are assigned to subfamily, the smaller subfamilies (e.g. Pharoideae) are not divided into tribes. In contrast, Soreng et al. (2015, 2017) prefer consistency in the use of ranks throughout the classification, meaning that all subfamilies include tribes, even if or when the tribes are unnecessary from the point of view of identification or phylogeny. The same arguments apply to subtribes. The Soreng et al. (2015, 2017) classification is thus more split than Kellogg (2015b). In addition, there are a few differences in generic circumscription. Because Kellogg (2015b) appeared in book form, it really represents the state of data a couple of years earlier, whereas Soreng et al. (2017) includes more recent information.
All grass subfamilies are represented in India except for Anomochlooideae, which is found only in the New World, and Puelioideae, which is restricted to Africa. We follow Kellogg (2015b) in using italics in the taxonomic descriptions to indicate putative synapomorphies (shared derived characters) indicating monophyly of the described group. Numbers of tribes and genera are listed in Table 1. This list includes 266 genera, representing about a third of the 711 (Kellogg 2015b) to 768 (Soreng et al. 2017) genera currently recognized in the family.
Many of the tribes and subfamilies have been checked by taxonomic experts and those experts are acknowledged in the appropriate section. Because of in some cases considerable time elapsed between the review of the list and the current publication, recent taxonomic changes may have been missed. Most nomenclatural information is consistent with that in the Tropicos database (http://www.tropicos.org), but the synonymy is not fully consistent with that in GrassBase (Clayton et al. 2006 onwards)
The compilation presented here is meant to be a starting point for future work, which requires detailed mapping and verification with herbarium material. Distributions within India are compiled from a broad range of sources only some of which included specimen citations to support their claims of geographical distribution. All distribution records should thus be considered provisional. Of particular note is the work of Naithani (1990), which added many new distribution records but largely without documentation. When Naithani (1990) is the only source for a record, this is noted in the text. We have avoided use of the term “endemic” since endemism is hard to verify in the absence of extensive herbarium material. Synonyms are ones that have been used in the Indian literature in the past. Some of these are New World names and are included here as a way to be able to follow up older Indian literature.
India is the most poorly studied of all subcontinents for grasses. The country has been largely inaccessible to foreign botanists for the last several decades and the revolution in molecular systematics has largely missed Indian grasses because of the near-impossibility of obtaining material. We present this list in hopes of showing the richness of the grass flora and the discoveries to be made.
Background and methods
The objective of the overall project is to produce an authenticated and authoritative digital list of vascular plants of India, both native and naturalized. This list is to include all taxa of seed plants with their accepted names, synonyms, author names, publication details, habit, and distribution ranges. It has been a major task to coalesce the available taxonomic information into a unified list of names representing India’s plant diversity. Doing so required a significant amount of effort and time to compile the information in source materials and produce a functional list. Despite its tentative nature, this list contains the best information available for many groups, and is likely to find diverse uses and applications.
The current checklist has resulted from collaboration between the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), and Harvard University Herbaria (HUH). In mid-1990s, prior to the present collaboration, Dr. K.N. Ganeshaiah of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore and Dr. Sebastian Padayatty of Shaman Scientific, Bangalore, along with Kanchi N. Gandhi of the HUH, were independently compiling data on plant names for a checklist of vascular plants of India. Dr. Peter H. Raven (MBG) and Dr. Kamal Bawa (ATREE) organized a meeting of relevant staff from the two teams at the Missouri Botanical Garden in 2002. At this meeting, it was agreed that a team would compile the available data at ATREE, the nomenclature would be verified at the Harvard University Herbaria, and taxonomic revision would be carried out by specialists under the guidance of Dr. Raven. The Sehgal Family Foundation, a previous donor to both ATREE and MBG, provided the initial funds for preparing a comprehensive list of India’s plants.
National and international botanical journals, floras, manuals, monographs, and revisionary works were reviewed, with the data compiled by a team of energetic staff members under the supervision of the late Dr. S. N. I. Yoganarasimhan (1944–2017). At the HUH, Gandhi received a copy of the data that had been compiled at ATREE and verified the nomenclature over a period almost 6 years (2007–2013). Initially, two assistants, Mr. Uttam B. Shrestha (a Ph.D. student of Dr. Bawa) and Mr. B. R. Kailash (ATREE staff) worked under the supervision of Gandhi; later Uttam’s wife Sujata Shrestha also joined the crew for a few months.
Regardless of the status of a name (accepted or synonym), an effort was made to check each protologue to verify its validity, authorship, bibliography, and legitimacy. The investigation was helpful in correcting errors that had found their way into earlier botanical works. A number of recent monographs and journals were consulted to add new taxa reported for India and to revise taxonomy and ranges of taxa. In the course of this work, type information was added when feasible.
Poaceae Barnh., 1895, nom. cons.
Type. Poa L.
Ancestrally rhizomatous perennials but diversified into caespitose or scarcely branched forms; annual habit derived multiple times. Culms herbaceous but woody culms derived more than once. Height varying from a few mm to several m. Leaf blades broad, pseudopetioles synapomorphic for the family but repeatedly lost. Ligule membranous or a fringe of hairs. Inflorescences branched or unbranched. Stamens ancestrally 6, but reduced to 3 in many species. Style branches and stigmas ancestrally 3, but reduced to 2 in many species. Pollen monoporate, lacking scrobiculi in the exine. Ovule 1. Embryo lateral, highly differentiated with clear root and shoot meristems, each enclosed by a sheath, and with several well-developed leaves and a lateral haustorial organ (scutellum). Fruit indehiscent with a single seed, the seed coat tightly appressed or fused to the inner wall of the pericarp. Leaf mesophyll with fusoid cells and with cells with invaginated cell walls, midrib complex; these characters lost during evolution of the family. Epidermis with multicellular microhairs, with alternating long and short cells, the short cells developing silica bodies. Photosynthetic pathway ancestrally C3.
Poaceae is a monophyletic family as documented by decades of phylogenetic studies (e.g., (Campbell and Kellogg 1987; Clark et al. 1995; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012; Linder 1987)). Morphological characters that are unique to the family (synapomorphic) include the highly differentiated embryo, the unique fruit structure, and the unique leaf morphology. In all grasses except Anomochlooideae (i.e., in all Indian species), the branches terminate in units known as spikelets, with each spikelet subtended by two bracts (glumes) and bearing one or more flowers. Also in this slightly more restricted group the inner perianth is modified to form tiny hyaline structures known as lodicules that function in flower opening and then wither after anthesis.
Subfamily Pharoideae L. G. Clark & Judz., 1996
Plants herbaceous, rhizomatous. Leaf blades with a pseudopetiole, resupinate, with lateral veins running obliquely from midvein to margins. Inflorescence branched, with hooked hairs on the branches and spikelets. Spikelets unisexual, with staminate and pistillate spikelets borne in pairs. Lemma margins fused such that lemmas are tubular and often inflated. Lodicules lacking, or present only in staminate flowers. Inner bundle sheath of veins with multiple layers of cells. Intercostal epidermis with files of long fibers alternating with normal files of intercostal long cells.
Subfamily Pharoideae includes only about 12 species, which grow in shade in tropical forests. The subfamily is monophyletic, with obvious morphological and molecular synapomorphies. The spikelets are unisexual and paired, with a large pistillate spikelet associated with a much smaller staminate spikelet. The leaf anatomy is also distinctive in that the inner bundle sheath of the veins has multiple layers of cells (Judziewicz and Clark 2007). The intercostal epidermis has files of long fibers alternating with normal files of intercostal long cells (Soderstrom et al. 1987). It is unclear whether this subfamily actually occurs in India, although Leptaspis urceolata has been reported, as noted below.
**Leptaspis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 211. 1810 **
**Type.***Leptaspis banksii *R. Br.
**1. Leptaspis urceolata (Roxb.) R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 23. t. 6. 1838 **
Pharus urceolatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 611. 1832. Type: Malaysia: A native of Pulo Pinaug
Leptaspis manillensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 8. 1853. Type: Thailand: Manila; Cuming Herb. no. 1739
Leptaspis zeylanica Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 8. 1853. Type: Sri Lanka.
Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Rhizomatous perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss., 1893
Woody or herbaceous perennials. Leaves pseudopetiolate, the culm leaves generally morphologically distinct from those on the lateral branches. Ligule membranous, with or without a fringe of hairs. Inflorescences branched or unbranched, bearing conventional spikelets or pseudospikelets. Glumes 0 or 1 to several. Lodicules 3. Stamens 3 or 6. First seedling leaf lacking a lamina.
Bambusoideae includes both woody and herbaceous bamboos. The lack of a lamina on the first seedling leaf may be synapomorphic (Soderstrom and Ellis 1987). In addition, the leaf anatomy is distinctive. The leaf mesophyll is marked by fusoid cells, which appear large and seemingly empty in cross section; this cell type is actually symplesiomorphic in the family (Clark et al. 1995; Kellogg 2015b; Leandro et al. 2018). Adaxial and abaxial to the fusoid cells are mesophyll cells with invaginated cell walls, known as arm cells. In the bamboos, these are asymmetric, a characteristic that is synapomorphic for the subfamily. The last several years have seen considerable progress on phylogeny and classification of bamboos (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012; Kelchner and Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013), but in general work on Old World species has proceeded more slowly than that in the New World. Of the three tribes, only two occur in India.
Much of the data presented here relies on the authoritative World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans (Vorontsova et al. 2016).
Taxonomic Editor: Lynn G. Clark, Iowa State University
Tribe Arundinarieae Asch. & Graebn., 1902
Plants woody, with rhizomes leptomorph (running) and the plants forming more or less diffuse stands, or pachymorph (clumping), these taxa sometimes with elongated necks. Branches developing from the top to the bottom of the plant (basipetal). Foliage leaves with an outer ligule. Spikelets laterally compressed. Midrib with complex vasculature.
All members of this tribe are woody and temperate and are tetraploid (2n = 48) (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012; Kelchner and Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013). Generic limits are not well defined in most cases and hybridization has been documented repeatedly (Triplett et al. 2010, 2014; Wong and Low 2011).
**Ampelocalamus S.L. Chen, T.H. Wen & G.Y. Sheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 332. 1981 **
**Type.**Ampelocalamus actinotrichus (Merrill & Chun) S.L. Chen, T.H. Wen & G.Y. Sheng
**2. Ampelocalamus patellaris (Gamble) Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(3): 321. 1994 **
Dendrocalamus patellaris Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 86–87. t. 75. 1896. Type: Sikkim, Jungat, alt. 4000 ft.; November, 1881; Gamble 10045 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 321. 1994.
Patellocalamus patellaris (Gamble) W.T. Lin, J. S. China Agric. Univ. 10(2): 46. 1989
Sinocalamus patellaris (Gamble) T.Q. Nguyen, Bot. Žur. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74: 1662. 1989
Chimonobambusa jainiana C.R. Das & D.C. Pal, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1023. 1983. Type: India: West Bengal, Kalimpong; *CNH 12178 *(CAL).
*Drepanostachyum jainianum (*C.R. Das & D.C. Pal) R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 235. 1985 (“1983”) (as “jainiana”)
Sinarundinaria jainiana (C.R. Das & D.C. Pal) H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 116(12): 990. 1990
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Chimonobambusa Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 153. 1914 **
**Lectotype. **Chimonobambusa marmorea (Mitford) Makino (Bambusa marmorea Mitford). LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6(7): 201–202. 1957.
**3. Chimonobambusa armata (Gamble) J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 38. 1983 **
Arundinaria armata Gamble Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 130, pl. 119. 1896. Type: Burma: “Hills of Upper Burma. Bernardmyo”; Mr. J.W. Oliver 1894 (K).
Oreocalamus armatus (Gamble) T. H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 5(2): 22. 1986
Chimonocalamus armatus (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 275. 1989
Distribution. India, cultivated only [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**4. Chimonobambusa arunachalensis T. P. Sharma & Borthakur, Pleione 2(1): 1. 2008 **
Type. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Ziro, Lower Subansiri district, 8 May 2006, TP0140A.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**5. Chimonobambusa callosa (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 151. 1925 **
Arundinaria callosa Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 30. 1868. Lectotype: India: Meghalaya, Myrung; July 6, 1850; *J.D. Hooker & Thompson 1504 *(K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 366. 1989.
Chimonocalamus callosus (Munro) J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 84. 1979
*Sinobambusa callosa *(Munro) T.H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 1(1): 35. 1982
*Arundinaria phar *E.G. Camus, Bambusées: 37. 1913
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland [Bhutan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**6. Chimonobambusa jainii T. P. Sharma & Borthakur, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 32(4): 783–785, f. 1. 2008 **
**Type. **India: Arunachal Pradesh, Ziro, Lower Subansiri district, 6 May 2006, TP0140.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**7. Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 153. 1914 **
Bambusa quadrangularis Franceschi, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 5: 401. 1880 Type unknown.
Arundinaria quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 71. 1895
Phyllostachys quadrangularis (Fraceschi) Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 443. 1904
Tetragonocalamus quadrangularis (Franceschi) Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 9: 90. 1933
Distribution. Meghalaya, cultivated? [China, Japan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Chimonocalamus J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 76. 1979 **
**Type. **Chimonocalamus delicatus J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi.
**8. Chimonocalamus griffithianus (Munro) J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 83–84. 1979 **
Arundinaria griffithiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 20. 1888. Syntypes: India: Assam, Khasia Mountain, Mofong; Griffith Assam Dept. 39 (K). *J.D. Hooker s.n. *(K).
Chimonobambusa griffithiana (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 151. 1925
Sinarundinaria griffithiana (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 353. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**9. Chimonocalamus longiusculus Hsueh & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 80–81, pl. 6. 1979. **
Type. China: Yunnan: Xichou, evergreen broad-leaved forests, 1600–1700 m, 31 May 1977; S.W. Xian 6979?
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**10. Chimonocalamus lushaiensis Ohrnb., Bamboos World Introd. 3: 14. 1996. **
Sinarundinaria longispiculata C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 43: 411. 1988. Type: India: Assam, Sangao, Lushai Hills, 1300 m; Mar 1953; Thakur Rup Chand 6889 (K) [Replaced synonym]
Chimonocalamus longispiculatus R. B. Majumdar. Fl. Ind. Enum. Monocot 276. 1989. Type: ?
Chimonocalamus longispiculatus (C.S. Chao & Renvoize) D.Z. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16: 41. 1994. Nom. illegit.
Sinarundinaria arunachalensis H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 117(1): 78. 1991
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**11. Chimonocalamus nagalandianus (H.B. Naithani) L.G. Clark, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212051-1
Sinarundinaria nagalandiana H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 120(12): 1120. 1994. Type: India: Nagaland, Niriyo Peak, alt. 3840 ft., Wokha; November, 1986; H.B. Naithani 1477 (DD).
Distribution. Nagaland.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks.Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) indicate that this species is allied to Chimonocalamus griffithianus (as Sinarundinaria griffithianus) so a new combination in Chimonocalamus is here proposed. This species has the root spines characteristic of this genus, but is unknown in flower.
**Drepanostachyum Keng f., Journal of Bamboo Research 2(1): 15. 1983 **
**Type. **Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f.
**12. Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 16. 1983 **
Arundinaria falcata Nees, Linnaea 9: 478. 1835
Sinarundinaria falcata (Nees) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 357. 1989
*Arundinaria gracilis *(hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière) Blanch., Rev. Hist. Nat. [Paris]. 58: 490. 1886
Bambusa gracilis hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière, Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France Ser. 3, 5(25): 682. 1878
Type. “In Nepalia legit, Royle.” Lectotype: Northwest India; *Royle s.n. *(K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 358. 1989.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Remarks.**Arundinaria gracilis (hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière) Blanch. is included in Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) but is the subject of taxonomic confusion. The name is based on Bambusa gracilis hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière, but this is a synonym of Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f., according to Vorontsova et al. (2016). As noted by taxonomic editor Clark, Arundinaria gracilis Lafossse is listed as a nomen nudum in TROPICOS, apparently because the protologue fails to cite a type. This entity requires further investigation.
**13. Drepanostachyum intermedium (Munro) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 18. 1983 **
Arundinaria intermedia Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 28. 1868. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; 1848; *J.D. Hooker s.n. *(K)
Chimonobambusa intermedia (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925
Sinarundinaria intermedia (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 357. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**14. Drepanostachyum khasianum (Munro) Keng f., Journal of Bamboo Research 2(1): 18. 1983 **
Arundinaria khasiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 28. 1868. Type: India: Khasia, Shillong, 5800 ft.; Griffith 1058 (K)
Chimonobambusa khasiana (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**15. Drepanostachyum kurzii (Gamble) Pandey ex D.N. Tewari, Monogr. Bamboo 90. 1993 **
Arundinaria kurzii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 25. t. 25. 1896. Type: Burma: Southern coast; 1878; Kurz s.n. (K).
Sinarundinaria kurzii (Gamble) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, compendium 279. 1998
Distribution. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**16. Drepanostachyum polystachyum (Kurz ex Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 277. 1989 **
Arundinaria polystachya Kurz ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 7. t. 5. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; 1868; Kurz & Anderson s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull 44(2): 359. 1989
Chimonobambusa polystachya (Kurz ex Gamble) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925
Sinarundinaria polystachya (Kurz ex Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 359. 1989
Distribution. Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**17. Drepanostachyum suberectum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 236. 1985 (“1983”) **
Arundinaria suberecta Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 32. 1868. Lectotype: India: Meghalaya, Mamlo; October 27, 1835; Griffith 558 (K). LT designated by Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 308. 1994.
Sinarundinaria suberecta (Munro) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, compendium 286. 1998
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Himalayacalamus Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 23. 1983 **
**Type. Himalayacalamus falconeri (Hook. f. ex Munro) Keng f. (Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook. f. ex Munro) **
**18. Himalayacalamus falconeri (Hook. f. ex Munro) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 24. 1983 **
Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook. f. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 34. 1868. Type: Nepal: Bagmati Zone, Kathmandu, Sheopore [Shivapuri], alt. 8000 ft.; 1821; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5040 (K).
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**19. **Himalayacalamus hookerianus **(Munro) Stapleton, Bamboo Soc. Newsl. 17: 21. 1993 **
Arundinaria hookeriana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 29. 1868. Lectotype: India: Sikkim [Neongong, 6800 ft.,] “Praong, 4000–6000 ft.”; December, 1848; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 318. 1995.
Sinarundinaria hookeriana (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull.44(2): 358. 1989
Drepanostachyum hookerianum (Munro) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 17. 1983
Chimonobambusa hookeriana (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 151. 1925
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan]. Native to Bhutan and north-eastern India, but commonly cultivated in West Bengal and also in Nepal.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Kuruna Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 199–200. 2014 **
**Type. **Kuruna debilis (Thwaites) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark.
**20. Kuruna densifolia (Munro) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 200. 2014 **
Arundinaria densifolia Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 32. 1868. Lectotype: Sri Lanka; Watson 25 (K). LT designated by Soderstrom & Ellis in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 12. 1988
Chimonobambusa densifolia (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925
Sinarundinaria densifolia (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 354. 1989
Yushania densifolia (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989
Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**21. Kuruna floribunda (Thwaites) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 200. 2014 **
Arundinaria floribunda Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 375. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Maturatte District, alt. 5000 ft.; 1863; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 2624 (PDA).
Indocalamus floribundus (Thwaites) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 148. 1925
Sinarundinaria floribunda (Thwaites) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1989
Yushania floribunda (Thwaites) Demoly, Bambou 48: 12. 2006
Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**22. Kuruna walkeriana (Munro) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 200. 2014 **
Arundinaria walkeriana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 21. 1868. Lectotype: Sri Lanka; Mrs. Walker 96 (K). LT designated by Soderstrom & Ellis in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 27. 1988
Indocalamus walkerianus (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 148. 1925
Sinarundinaria walkeriana (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 354. 1989
Yushania walkeriana (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**23. Kuruna wightiana (Nees) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Syst. Bot. 41(1): 191, f. 13. 2016. **
Arundinaria wightiana Nees, Linnaea 9: 482. 1835. Type: “Peninsula Indiae orientalis; Herb Wight.” India: Nilgiris District; *Wight 1797 *(K, Isotype).
Indocalamus wightianus (Nees) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 149. 1925
Sinarundinaria wightiana (Nees) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1989
Yushania wightiana (Nees) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989
Indocalamus wightianus (Nees) Nakai var. hispida (Steud.) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 149. 1925
Arundinaria wightiana Nees var. *hispida *(Steud.) Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 5. 1896
Yushania wightiana (Nees) R.B. Majumdar var. *hispida *(Steud.) R.B. Majumdar & S. Karthikeyan in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1(Monocotyledon): 283. 1989
Arundinaria hispida Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 335. 1854. Type: India: “In sylvis prope Sispara Nilagiri”; Hohenacker 1282 (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc.
**24. Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C. Rivière, Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France ser. 3, 5: 716 f. 36, 37. 1878 **
Type. Tunis, Cultivated in “Jardim du Hamma”; Anonymous s.n. (P).
Distribution. Uttarakhand [China]. Cultivated; native to China and Japan, widely cultivated.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**25. Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(3): 746. pl. 5. f. 3. 1843 **
Type. Japan; P.F. von Siebold s.n. (L).
**Distribution. **Assam, Himachal Pradesh [China]. Cultivated; native to China and Japan, widely cultivated.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**26. Phyllostachys mannii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 28. t. 28. 1896 **
Phyllostachys assamica Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 667. 1906. Type: India: Mishmi Hills, Namdang, Lakhimpur District, Sadiya; Griffith s.n.
Phyllostachys bambusoides sensu Gamble, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 386. 1896, non Siebold & Zucc., 1843
Type. India: Shillong, Kashia Hills and said to have come from the Naga Hills; 1889; G. Mann s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland [China, Myanmar]. Native, but also cultivated.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**27. Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 38, 123. 1868 **
Bambusa nigra Lodd. ex Lindl., Penny Cyclop. 3: 357. 1835
Phyllostachys puberula var. nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 64. 1900
Phyllostachys puberula var. nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) J. Houz., Act. Congr. Int. Bot. (Brux.) 2: 223. 1912, isonym.
Sinoarundinaria nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Ohwi ex Mayeb., Fl. Austro-Higo. 86. 1931
Distribution. India. Cultivated only; native to S Hunan, China.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**28. Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. puberula (Miq.) Kailash, comb. & stat. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212052-1
*Phyllostachys puberula *var. puberula in Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 64. 1900
Phyllostachys henonis Mitford, Garden (London 1871–1927) 47: 3. 1895
Bambusa puberula Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 285. 1866. Type: Japan: Osakka; Siebold, Buerger & Textor s.n.
Phyllostachys puberula (Miq.) Munro, Gard. Chron., n. s. 6: 773, 774. 1876
Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. henonis (Mitford) Stapf ex Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36(254): 442–443. 1904
Distribution. India. Cultivated; native to S Hunan, China.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Pleioblastus Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 145. 1925 **
**Lectotype. **Pleioblastus communis (Makino) Nakai (Arundinaria communis Makino). LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6: 207. 1957.
**29. Pleioblastus simonii (Carrière) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 147. 1925 **
Bambusa simonii Carrière, Rev. Hort. [Paris]. 37: 380. 1866. Type: China?; 1862; E. Simon s.n. (P).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Possibly cultivated in India; probably native to Japan.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes, “Although the type is supposedly from China, I know of no valid records from that country.”
**Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(1): 150. 1925 **
**Lectotype. **Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Nakai (Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.). LT designated by LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6(7): 207. 1957.
**30. Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino. ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 150. 1925 **
Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 334. 1854. Type: “Java” Japan: Metake; P. F. von Siebold s.n. (L).
Distribution. Meghalaya, West Bengal [China]. Cultivated only; native to Japan.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Sarocalamus Stapleton, Novon 14(3): 346. 2004 **
**Type. **Sarocalamus racemosus (Munro) Stapleton.
**31. Sarocalamus racemosus (Munro) Stapleton, Novon 14(3): 347. 2004 **
Arundinaria racemosa Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 17. 1868 Lectotype: India: North East Himalaya [Sikkim & Darjeeling District], Birch Hill, alt. 6000 ft.; August, 1857; Thomson s.n. (K). LT selected by Gamble, 1912 (fide Stapleton et al. 2004).
Fargesia racemosa (Munro) T. P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2: 39. 1983
Yushania racemosa (Munro) R. B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Semiarundinaria Makino ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 150. 1925 **
**Lectotype. **Semiarundinaria fastuosa (Mitford) Nakai (Bambusa fastuosa Mitford). LT designated by A. Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees Shrubs 638. 1949
**32. Semiarundinaria densiflora (Rendle) T.H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 8(1): 24. 1989 **
Arundinaria densiflora Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 434. 1904. Syntypes: Kiangsu: Kiangsu Hills; Faber 19 (K). Chekiang: Hills near Huchan, Taiboo Lake; Charles 227(K).
Fargesia densiflora (Rendle) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 152. 1925
Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng, Sunyatsenia 4 (3–4): 153. 1940
Distribution. Kerala [China]. Cultivated in India.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Thamnocalamus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 33, 157. 1868 **
**Lectotype. **Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro (Arundinaria spathiflora Trin.). LT designated by A. Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees 639. 1949.
**33. Thamnocalamus aristatus (Gamble) E.G. Camus, Bambusees (Camus) 54. 1913 **
Arundinaria aristata Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 18, t. 17. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, Phalut, alt. 10000 ft.; Gammie s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 363. 1989.
Thamnocalamus spathiflorus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 34. 1868, p.p., non Trin. 1935
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal].
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**34. Thamnocalamus occidentalis (Stapleton) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 140. 2007 **
Thamnocalamus spathiflorus Munro ssp. occidentalis Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(2): 283. 1994. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Kedarkanda, 9000 ft.; June, 1893; Gamble 24341 (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**35. Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 34. 1868 **
Arundinaria spathiflora Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3: 617. 1835. Lectotype: Nepal: North West of Himalaya, alt. 7000 ft.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5041 (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 363. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Yushania Keng f., Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 6(4): 355–356. 1957 **
**Type. **Yushania niitakaymensis (Hayata) P. C. Keng (Arundinaria niitakaymensis Hayata)
**36. Yushania anceps (Mitf.) W.C. Lin, Bull. Taiwan Forest Res. Inst. 248: 9. 1974 **
Arundinaria anceps Mitf., Bamb. Gard. 181. 1896. Type: Asia.
Sinarundinaria anceps (Mitf.) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 359. 1989
Arundinaria jaunsarensis Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 23. t. 22. 1896. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Jaunsar Hills, Mundali, alt. 7500 ft.; May, 1891; Gamble 23134 (K).
Chimonobambusa jaunsarensis (Gamble) K.N. Bahadur & H.B. Naithani, Indian J. Forest. 1(1): 41. 1978
Yushania jaunsarensis (Gamble) T.P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 39. 1983
Fargesia elegans (Kurz) J. Campbell ssp. jaunsarensis (Gamble) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 38. 1985
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Cultivated in Europe and the U.S.A.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**37. Yushania elegans (Kurz) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 **
Arundinaria elegans Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 249. 1873. Type: Burma: Martaban, Nattaung Hills, alt. 5000–7000 ft.; Kurz 144 (K).
Sinobambusa elegans (Kurz) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 152. 1925
Fargesia elegans (Kurz) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 37. 1985
Sinarundinaria elegans (Kurz) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 357. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**38. Yushania hirsuta (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 **
Arundinaria hirsuta Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 30. 1868. Lectotype: India: Khasi Hills, among rocks, 5600 ft.; November, 1835; Griffith 6726 (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 355. 1989.
Sinarundinaria hirsuta (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 355. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**39. **Yushania maling **(Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 **
Arundinaria maling Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 139. 1912. Lectotype: India: Darjeeling District, Tonglo [Tanglu], alt. 9000 ft.; May 23, 1904; Osmaston s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1989.
Fargesia maling (Gamble) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 40. 1985
Sinarundinaria maling (Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1988
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal (all Naithani). [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**40. Yushania microphylla (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 **
Arundinaria microphylla Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 32. 1868. Syntypes: Bhutan: Tashigang District, Sanah, alt. 7000 ft.; *Griffiths 623 *(K). Bhutan: Sanah, alt. 6000–10000 ft.; Griffiths s.n. (K).
Bambusa microphylla Griff., J. Trav. 1: 242, 259. 1847, nom. nud.
Sinarundinaria microphylla (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 354. 1989
Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Sikkim, Meghalaya [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**41. Yushania pantlingii (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 **
Arundinaria pantlingii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 129 (‘Pantlingi’). t. 118. 1896. Type: India: Darjeeling District, Sikkim border “Hills of British Bhutan,” Rechi La, 11000 ft.; September, 1895; Pantling’s collectors s.n. (K).
Fargesia pantlingii (Gamble) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 41. 1985
Semiarundinaria pantlingii (Gamble) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925
Sinarundinaria pantlingii (Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 359. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**42. Yushania rolloana (Gamble) T.P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 39. 1983 **
Arundinaria rolloana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 24. t. 23. 1896. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Zullah Valley, alt. 5000–7000 ft.;1889; “Gopal Banerjee”; J. Rollo s.n. (K).
Sinarundinaria rolloana (Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 355. 1989
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
Taxonomic editor Clark suggests that it is doubtful that the following species of Arundinarieae occur in India:
Himalayacalamus gyirongensis (T.P. Yi) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 141. 2007 [doubtful species; also, this is considered a synonym of Himalayacalamus falconeri in the Flora of China.]
*Himalayacalamus planatus *Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 137. 2007 [known from Nepal]
*Himalayacalamus porcatus *Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 141. 2007 [doubtful species]
Thamnocalamus chigar (Stapleton) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 140. 2007 [doubtful species]
Thamnocalamus nepalensis (Stapleton) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 140. 2007 [doubtful species]
Tribe Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort., 1829
Woody bamboos, often tree-like. Rhizomes pachymorph and the plants clumping, but necks sometimes elongated; one New World genus sometimes with amphimorph rhizomes.Branches developing either from the bottom to the top of the plant (acropetal) or bidirectional. Outer ligule generally present. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes. Midrib mostly with complex vasculature.
Members of this tribe are tropical and either tetraploid or hexaploid, mostly with 2n = 48 or 72, although some aneuploid numbers have been reported (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012). Pseudospikelets, in which the spikelet themselves form branched structures, are common but not universal in this group (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012). The Old World species of Bambuseae form a clade separate from the New World species (Kelchner and Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013; Triplett et al. 2014).
**Bambusa Schreb., Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a] 236. 1789, nom. cons. **
**Type.**Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. (Bambos arundinacea Retz.).
**43. Bambusa affinis Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 93. 1868 **
Type. “Hab. in Ind. or. Burmah, Yoongalum (Teesheincolis); Brandis 18.”
**Distribution. **Tripura [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**44. Bambusa alamii Stapleton, J. Edinb. J. Bot. 51(1): 10, f. 3. 1994. **
Type. Nepal; 9 Jan 1991; Stapleton 907 (E).
Distribution. Assam [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**45. Bambusa alemtemshii H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 133(11): 1575. 2007 **
Type. India: Nagaland, Longsa village, Mokokchung District; December 5, 2004; H.B. Naithani 4338 (DD).
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**46. Bambusa balcooa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 196. 1832 **
Dendrocalamus balcooa (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. SubLurb. Calcutt. 718. 1845
Type. “A native of India: Bengal.” Lectotype: Roxb. Icones 1402 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 12. 1994.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China]. Widely cultivated in northern India and Bangladesh, thought to originate from this region but known only in cultivation.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**47. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1189. 1895 var. **bambos
Arundo bambos L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India utraque.” Lectotype = “Ily” in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 1: 25. t. 16. 1678. LT designated by Judziewicz in Görts-van Rijn (ed.), Fl. Guianas, ser. A, 8: 50. 1990.
Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 245. 1799
Bambos arundinacea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 24. 1788 (“1789”). Lectotype: India orientalis: Herbarium Retzii s.n. right-hand side only (No. 2), H554/90 (LD). LT designated by Xia & Stapleton in Kew Bull. 52(3): 697. 1997.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated and naturalized in India.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Clark notes that there are more synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016).
**48. Bambusa burmanica Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 35–36. t. 33. 1896 **
Type. Burma: Katha District, dry slopes; J.W. Oliver s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**49. Bambusa cacharensis R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 237. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) **
Type. India: Cachar, Lakhimpur, Mar Bastee; Majumdar 74265A (CAL).
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura [Bangladesh].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Devi and Bhattacharyya (2013) reported the range listed here. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990).
**50. Bambusa copelandii Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 671. 1906 (as “copelandi”) **
Sinocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) Raizada, Indian Forester 74(1): 10. 1948 (as “copelandi”)
Dendrocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) N.H.Xia & Stapleton, Kew Bull. 52: 484. 1997
Lectotype. India: Dehra Dun, cultivated, alt. 2200 ft.; September, 1898; Gamble 27166 (K). LT designated by Xia & Stapleton in Kew Bull. 52: 484. 1997.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark wrote, “This species is indicated as occurring in these two states in Seethalakshmi & Kumar (1998).” She also notes that it is cultivated in the Botanical Garden at the Calcutta & Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, as well as in the Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Kerala.
**51. Bambusa griffithiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 99. 1868 **
Type. “Hab. in Ind. or. Burmah, Mogoung; Griffith s.n.”
Distribution. Manipur [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990).
**52. Bambusa jaintiana R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 274. 1989 **
Type. India: Shillong; G.K. Deka 31765 (CAL).
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**53. Bambusa khasiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 97. 1868 **
Syntypes. India: Khasia, alt. 2000–4000 ft., Churra; Hooker no. 1097. Jasper Hill, Mahadeb; Hooker 496
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**54. Bambusa kingiana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 46. t. 42 1896 **
Type. Burma: Katha District, Petsut; J.W. Oliver s.n.
Distribution. Manipur [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990).
**55. Bambusa longispiculata Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 668. 1906 **
Type. Bangladesh: Chittagong Hill tracts, Ruby mine District, alt. 3500 ft.;* Griffith s.n.*
Distribution. Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Records for Meghalaya and Mizoram fide Naithani (1990).
**56. Bambusa majumdari P. Kumari & P. Singh, Kew Bull. 64: 565. 2009 **
Type. India: Meghalaya: Garo Hills, near Tura, 14 Sept. 2005, Kumari & Singh 34696 (CAL).
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**57. Bambusa mohanramii P. Kumari & P. Singh, Kew Bull. 64: 567. 2009 **
Type. India: Meghalaya: Jaintia hills, Khleiriaht, 9 April 2004, Kumari 34608 (CAL).
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**58. Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1350. 1830 **
Arundo multiplex Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 58. 1790. Type: “Habitat loca culta in provinciis Borialibus Cochinchinae, ex eaque Plantantur fepes ad divifionem hortorum.”
Bambusa nana Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 199. 1832. Type: “Keu-fa, of the Chinese; a native of their country, and now plentiful in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta…”
Ludolfia glaucescens Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 2: 320. 1808. Type: “Die von Michaux beschriebene Art soll ein hoher Baum werden und in einer Rispe bluhen. Ich nenne sie.”
Bambusa glaucescens Siebold ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 89. 1868, nom. invalid, pro. syn.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Probably naturalized in addition to being cultivated; probably native to Indo-China and southern China, but now known only in cultivation
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark wrote, “Introduced into the Indian Botanical Garden in 1794.”
**59. Bambusa nagalandiana H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 133(9): 1267–1269. 2007 (as “nagalandeana”) **
Type. India: Nagaland, Mon District, Wanching village; December 9, 2004; H.R. Naithani 4344 (DD).
Distribution. Nagaland.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**60. Bambusa nairiana P. Kumari & P. Singh, Bull. Surv. India 50: 13. 2009 (“2008”) **
Type. India: Meghalaya: Garo hills, near Nokrek, 14 Sept. 2005, Kumari & Singh 34698 (CAL).
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**61. Bambusa nutans Wall ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 92. 1868 **
Bambusa falconeri Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 95. 1868
Lectotype. Nepal: Kathmandu, Naga-Arjun [Nagarjun, 27°44'N, 85°71'E]; 1821; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5031(K-W). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 17 1994.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**62. Bambusa oliveriana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 130. t. 116. 1896 **
Syntypes. Burma: 30 miles north from Mandalay, alt. 1000–2000 ft.; 1893–94; J.W. Oliver s.n. Ruby Mines Hills; C.S. Rogers s.n.
Distribution. Mizoram, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Cultivated; native to Myanmar.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Mizoram fide Naithani (1990).
**63. Bambusa pallida Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 97. 1868 **
Bambusa critica Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 255. 1873. Type: Burma.
Dendrocalamus criticus (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875
Bambusa pseudopallida R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 275. 1989. Type: India: Umtaph on Dawki-Jarain Road; N.P. Balakrishnan 42700 (CAL).
Syntypes. India: Bengalia, Pundua & Silhet (cult.), Cachar, Khasia, Joowye, alt. 3500 ft. Hooker & Thomson 602, 607 (K).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**64. Bambusa polymorpha Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 98. 1868 **
Syntypes. Burma: Martaban, Pegu, (“Kijathounwa”); Brandis no. 1. Rangoon; McClelland s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Cultivated in northwestern parts of India, introduced in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu; probably native to northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
Remarks. Records for Assam, Madhya Pradesh, and Tripura fide Naithani (1990).
**65. Bambusa teres Buch.-Ham. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 95. 1868 **
Syntypes. India: Bengal, Gongachora; Buchanan-Hamilton 881, Griffith s.n. Assam; Jenkins s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**66. Bambusa tulda Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 193. 1832 var. **tulda
Type. “The common bamboo of India: Bengal, where it grows in the greatest abundance every where.” Lectotype: *Roxb. Icones 1403 *(K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 19. 1994.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes “Kumari & Singh (2014) indicate that this variety is cultivated in Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, North Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.”
**67. Bambusa tulda Roxb. var. gamblei P. Kumari & P. Singh, Bamboo of Meghalaya 58. 2014 **
Type. India: Meghalaya: Garo hills, near Nokrek, 14 Sept. 2005, Kumari & Singh 346700 (CAL).
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**68. Bambusa vulgaris J.C. Wendl., Coll. Pl. 2: 26, t. 47. 1810, nom. cons. **
Bambusa surinamensis Rupr., Bambuseae 49, t. 11. f. 49. 1839. Type: Surinam; 1827–1828; Weigelt s.n.
Bambusa thouarsii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 323, t. 73, 74. 1830. Type: “Crescit in insulis Madagascariae et Borboniae.”
Type. “Bambusa vulgaris Wend.”, India; ex herb Wendland (GOET nos. 13986–13919) (typ. cons.).
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that there are many other synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016).
**Cephalostachyum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 138. 1868. **
**Type. **LT.: C. capitatum Munro (designated by McClure, Taxon 6: 201. 1957).
**69. Cephalostachyum capitatum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 139. 1868 var. **capitatum
Schizostachyum capitatum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989, non (Trin.) Rupr., 1840
Schizostachyum munroi S.Kumar & Par. Singh, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 70(1–4): 423. 1991
Syntypes. “Hab. in India or montibus, Khasia, Churra, 4000 ped. s.m.; Wallich et Griffith 1078, 1392 (in Herb. Griff.) Nunklow (“Sillee et Sullea”), no. 1813. Sikkim, 4000–6000 ft., Myong Valle (“Pyong”), Hooker & Thomson.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim [Bhutan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that, “According to Kumari & Singh (2014), this was lectotypified by Stapleton in 1994. This needs to be verified, as they cite Griffith hb. No. 2682 as the LT.”
**70. Cephalostachyum capitatum Munro var. decompositum Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 105. 1896 (as “decomposita”) **
Schizostachyum capitatum (Trin.) Rupr. var. decompositum (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Type. India: Sikkim; T. Anderson & Kurz s.n.
Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this variety was “not recognized in Kumari & Singh (2014), but also not formally synonymized.”
**71. Cephalostachyum flavescens Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 252. 1873 **
Schizostachyum flavescens (Kurz) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Type. Pegu: H.B.C. culta.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this is also cultivated in West Bengal (Indian Botanic Gardens, Kolkata). Record for Andaman & Nicobar Islands fide Naithani (1990).
**72. Cephalostachyum latifolium Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 140. 1868 **
Schizostachyum latifolium (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989, non Gamble, 1896
Cephalostachyum fuchsianum Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 107, t. 94. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Songchonglu, alt. 6000 ft.; 1889–1892; Gammie s.n. (K).
Schizostachyum fuchsianum (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Cephalostachyum longwanum H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 136: 406. 2010
Lectotype. Bhutan; W. Griffith 2682 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 29. 1994.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**73. Cephalostachyum mannii (Gamble) Stapleton & D. Z. Li, Kew Bull. 52: 700. 1997 **
Arundinaria mannii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 26. 1896. Type: India: Meghalaya, Amkasur, Jainita Hills, 3000 ft.; April 24, 1889; G. Mann 21845 (K).
Neomicrocalamus mannii (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 279. 1989
Racemobambos mannii (Gamble) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, Compendium 230. 1998
Distribution. Meghalaya [China].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**74. Cephalostachyum mishimianum H. B. Naithani, Indian Forester 140(7): 733. 2014 (as “mishmieanum”) **
Type. Arunchal Pradesh: 5 km after Udayk Pass, way to Hayuling 1200 m, Lohit District, H.B. Naithani 2141 (holotype: DD).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**75. Cephalostachyum pallidum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 139. 1868 **
Schizostachyum pallidum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989
Type. India: Mishmee, Birmah, Patkaye, 5000 ft.; Griffith s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “In their discussion on p. 63, Kumari and Singh (2014) evidently consider this species as a synonym of C. capitatum, but do not formally synonymize it.”
**76. Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 141. 1868 **
Schizostachyum pergracile (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989
Syntypes. Burma: Rangoon; J.E. McClelland s.n. Pegu; Brandis s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Dendrocalamus Nees, Linnaea 9: 476. 1835 **
**Type.**Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (Bambusa stricta Roxb.).
**77. Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2, 1: 301. 1927 **
Bambusa aspera Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1352–1353. 1830. Type: “Arundarbor aspera Rumphius, Herb. Amb. 4: 11. In Amboina et Huamchela ad montium pedes.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this name has other synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016).
**78. Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 **
Bambusa brandisii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 109–110. 1868. Type: “Hab. in Ind. or. Tenasserim, Martaban, Pegu, usque ad 4000 ped. S.M., praecipue in saxis calcareis, Brandis no. 2
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, West Bengal [Myanmar, China, Myanmar]. Naturalized and cultivated; native to Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam but its natural distribution may include Manipur and the Andaman Islands.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**79. Dendrocalamus calostachyus (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 **
Bambusa calostachya Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist 42: 250. 1873. Type: Burma: Ava, Bhamo, Kakhyen Hills, alt. 3500 ft.; Kurz s.n.
Distribution. Meghalaya, Nagaland [China, Myanmar]. Native to northeastern India, China and Myanmar and also cultivated more widely in India.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**80. Dendrocalamus collettianus Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 93. t. 83. 1896 **
Type. Burma: Fort Stedman; 1892; Abdul Huk s.n.
Distribution. West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Only cultivated in India.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**81. Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 150. 1868 **
Type. “Cult. Calcatta” [Botanical Garden, Calcutta], Lectotype: Hb. Munro (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 23. 1994.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Probably only cultivated in India; probably native to Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**82. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 151. 1868 **
Bambusa monogynia Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 63. 1851 (non B. monogyna Blanco, 1837)
Lectotype. India: Assam, Goalpara; July 17, 1808; Buchanan-Hamilton 882 (E). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 23. 1994
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**83. Dendrocalamus hookeri Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 151. 1868 var. **hookeri
Lectotype. India: Bengal orient, Pundua; June 11, 1850; J.D. Hooker & Thomson 411 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 26. 1994
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**84. Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 **
Type. Burma: mixed and tropical forests of Arracan, Pegu Yomah and Martaban; Metam s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**85. Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 149. 1868 **
Bambusa membranacea (Munro) Stapleton & N.H. Xia, Kew Bull. 52(1): 238. 1997
Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 92. 1896
Type. Burma: Martaban, Trogla; March 12, 1827; Numer. List [Wallich] no 5029 (K). LT designated by Stapleton & N.H. Xia in Kew Bull. 52: 238. 1997.
Distribution. Kerala, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Apparently only cultivated in India; native to Laos, Myanmar and Thailand.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**86. Dendrocalamus parishii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 149. 1868 **
Dendrocalamus hookeri Munro var. parishii (Munro) Blatt., Indian Forester 55(11): 594. 1929
Type. India: Punjab Himalaya; Parish s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “This species is not treated in Kumari and Singh (2014) and is not even included in their index. Perhaps does not occur in Meghalaya? Or more likely, given the distribution, is considered synonymous with D. hookeri. Needs further study.”
**87. Dendrocalamus sahnii H.B. Naithani & Bahadur, Indian Forester 108(3): 212. f. 1. 1982 **
Type. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Subansiri District, Zoram, alt. 6000 ft.; April 28, 1977; H.B. Naithani ser II no. 902 (DD).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**88. Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 148. 1868 **
Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees var. *sericeus *(Munro) Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 751. 1902
Syntypes. India: Behar [Bihar], Parasnath, alt. 4000 ft.; September, 1858; *Thomson s.n., *(K). India: Behar [Bihar], Parasnath; February, 1848; Hooker s.n. (K).
Distribution. Bihar.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this was treated in Ohrnberger (1999) as a variety of D. strictus. Further study is required.
**89. Dendrocalamus sikkimensis Gamble ex Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1770. 1888 **
Lectotype. India: Sikkim; July 20, 1885; Pantling s.n. (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 26. 1994
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**90. Dendrocalamus somdevae H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 119(6): 504. 1993 (as “somdevai”) **
Type. Uttarakhand: Dehra Dun, Hardwar road between Jogiwala and Majri (Mokhampur), 11.3.1991, Som Deva 10985 (Holotype DD).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**91. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees, Linnaea 9: 476–477. 1835 **
Bambos stricta Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 58. t. 80. 1798. Type: India: undershrub in deciduous forests; Roxburgh s.n. (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Author K. Gandhi observes, “Since Roxburgh’s collections from the Coromandel Coast were destroyed in a flood, a good comprehensive collection with the same local name from the same area should be made and designated as a neotype.” See also Stapleton (1994).
**Dinochloa Buse, Gram. (Buse) 47. 1854 **
**Type.**Dinochloa tjankorreh Buse, nom. illeg. (Bambusa scandens Blume, Dinochloa scandens (Blume) Kuntze).
**92. Dinochloa andamanica Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 253. 1873 **
Type. India: “Andamans (etiam in insula Nicobaricis)”.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**93. Dinochloa mcclellandii (Munro) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 253. 1873 (as “maclellandii”) **
Bambusa mcclellandii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 114. 1868 (as “McClellandi”). Type: “Hab. in Ind. or Pegu, Rangon, Phoungee Valley; M’Clelland v.s.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh and Assam fide Naithani (1990).
**94. Dinochloa nicobariana R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 277. 1989 **
Type. India: Nicobar Island, North Nicobar, Katchal Island, Coastal Forest; P. Chakravarty 1129 (CAL).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**95. Dinochloa scandens (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 773. 1891 **
Bambusa scandens Blume, Flora 7: 291. 1824. Type: Java: Megamendung; Blume s.n. (L).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Cultivated; native to Indonesia.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Gigantochloa Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 123. 1868 **
**Lectotype.**Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz ex Munro (Bambusa vulgaris var. atter Hassk.). LT designated by Holttum in Taxon 5: 28–30. 1956.
**96. Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxxvi; App. B: 93. 1875 (as “albo-ciliata”) **
Oxytenanthera albociliata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 129. 1868 (as “albo-ciliata”). Type: “Hab. in India or.” [Burma]: Pegu; Brandis 19 (“Wapyoogle” incolis). India: Moulmein; Falconer 27
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Cultivated, perhaps also naturalized; native to Myanmar.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**97. Gigantochloa andamanica (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. For. Veg. Pegu, App. A. cxxxvi; App. B. 93 in clavi. 1875 **
Bambusa andamanica Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal n.s. 39 (2): 88. 1870. Type: Andaman Islands, south Andaman; 1875; Kurz s.n.
Distribution. Andaman Islands [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this name was treated as a synonym of Gigantochloa nigrociliata in Vorontsova et al. (2016); see also remarks under that species. The status of this taxon requires further study.
**98. Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult. f.) Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 126. 1868 **
Bambusa apus Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1353. 1830. Type: Indonesia: “Java ad montem Salaki”; Blume s.n. (check author).
Gigantochloa kurzii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 65. 1896
Distribution. Meghalaya [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**99. Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja, Reinwardtia 10(3): 323. 1987 **
Type. Indonesia: Java, Wonosari, Nagasari; February, 1983; Ramlanto s.n. (BO).
Distribution. West Bengal. Known only from cultivation; also in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**100. Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 125. 1868 **
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. var. atter Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) 19. 1844
Bambusa thouarsii Kunth var. *atter *Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 41. 1848
Syntypes. Indonesia: Java; Horsfield s.n. Java: Buitenzorg; Kurz s.n.
**Distribution. **West Bengal. Cultivated only. [Indonesia and Malaysia].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**101. Gigantochloa auriculata (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxxvii; App. B: 94. 1875 **
Bambusa auriculata Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist 39: 86. 1870. Type: Burma: Southern Pegu; *Kurz 20 *(CAL).
Distribution. Assam [Bangladesh, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) treat this as a member of the genus Bambusa, but Widjaja, quoted in Ohrnberger (1999), discussed it as a species of Gigantochloa. The placement here follows Widjaja, but on the basis of the available information, she does not regard the generic placement as settled. Both Wu et al. (2006) and Vorontsova et al. (2016) treat this name as a synonym of Bambusa vulgaris.
**102. Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer ex K. Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2 1: 299. 1927 **
Schizostachyum hasskarlianum Kurz, Indian Forester 1: 352. 1876. Syntypes: Indonesia: Java, alt. 2000–3000 ft. Sumatra: Padang
Distribution. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, cultivated [also in Indonesia, where it is native].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**103. Gigantochloa macrostachya Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 251. 1873. **
Type. Martaban, Tenasserim
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram [Bangladesh, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**104. Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) Kurz, Indian Forester 1(4): 345, 1876 var. **nigrociliata
Bambusa nigrociliata Buse, Pl. Jungh. 389. 1854 (as “Nigro-ciliata”). Type: “Habitat insulam Javae Prope Tjiberem”; Junghuhn s.n.
Oxytenanthera nigrociliata (Buse) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 228. 1868 (as “nigro-ciliata”)
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, cultivated [Myanmar]. Native to Indonesia.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) consider this to be a synonym of Gigantochloa rostrata, but other treatments maintain it as a species. Ohrnberger (1999) indicates that it occurs in the “eastern, central, and north-eastern parts” of India in addition to the Andamans. Dransfield and Widjaja (1995) list G. nigrociliata as doubtful for India, suggesting that the Indian records refer to other species. The status of the species and the following variety both need reevaluation in India and generally.
**105. Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) Kurz var. hohenackeri (Fischer) H. B. Naithani, Fl. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan 514. 1990 **
Oxytenanthera nigrociliata (Buse) Munro var. hohenackeri Fischer, Kew Bull. 1935:96. 1935
Distribution. Karnataka. Overall occurrence not understood well.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**106. Gigantochloa parvifolia (Brandis ex Gamble) T.Q. Nguyen, Bot. Zhurn. 75(2): 224. 1990 **
Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia (Brandis ex Gamble) T.Q. Nyugen, Bot. Zurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 76(7): 993. 1991
Oxytenanthera parvifolia Brandis ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 72. t. 63. 1896. Type: Burma: Yonzalin Valley; March, 1880; D. Brandis s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Mizoram [Myanmar]. Cultivated.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Records for Assam and Mizoram fide Naithani (1990).
**107. Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.) Widjaja, Reinwardtia 10(3): 305. 1987 **
Bambusa pseudoarundinacea Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 330. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; *H. Zollinger 3479 *(L).
Bambusa verticillata Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 245. 1799
Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 124. 1868
Nastus verticillatus (Willd.) Sm., Cycl. (Rees) 24: n. 3. 1819
Distribution. West Bengal [Myanmar]. Known only in cultivation.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**108. Gigantochloa rostrata K.M. Wong, Malaysian Forester 45(3): 349. 1982 **
Type. Malaya; October 15, 1980; K.M. Wong KEP FRI 28981 (L).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tripura [Bangladesh]. Known only in cultivation.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “Kumari and Singh (2014) synonymize G. nigrociliata under this species, and in the discussion mention the G. nigrociliata of Widjaja. This needs to be addressed, as noted under* G. nigrociliata*.”
**109. Gigantochloa tekserah E.G. Camus, Bamb. 141. 1913 **
Type. Garo Hills; 1889; *G. Mann s.n. *(?).
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this species is not mentioned by Kumari and Singh (2014), and furthermore, that this name is treated as a synonym of Gigantochloa macrostachya by Vorontsova et al. (2016).
**Melocalamus Benth. in Benth. & J.D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 3, 2: 1095, 1212. 1883 **
**Type.**Melocalamus compactiflorus (Kurz) Benth. (Pseudostachyum compactiflorum Kurz).
**110. Melocalamus compactiflorus (Kurz) Benth., Gen. Pl. (Bentham & Hooker f.) 3: 1212. 1883 **
Pseudostachyum compactiflorum Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 252. 1873. Type: ?
Dinochloa compactiflora (Kurz) McClure, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 253. 1936
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**111. Melocalamus indicus R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 236. 1985 (“1983”) **
Dinochloa indica (R.B. Majumdar) Bennet, Van Vigyan 27(2): 121. 1989
Type. India: Cachar, Bhuban Hills; Majumder 73083 (CAL).
**Distribution. **Assam, Manipur.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**112. Melocalamus mastersii (Munro) R.B. Majumdar, in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 278. 1989 **
Bambusa mastersii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 113. 1868. Type: India: Assam, Dibrooghur; Masters 1123
Melocalamus gracilis R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 278. 1989. Type: India: Barail Range, near Kailana, 9 km from Gumri rest house on Shillong, Cachar Road near P.W.D. Shed; R.B. Majumdar 1138 (CAL).
Dinochloa gracilis (R.B. Majumdar) Bennet & Jain ex D.N. Tewari, Monogr. Bamboo 82. 1992.
Distribution. Assam.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Melocanna Trin. in K.P.J. Sprengel, Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 43. 1820 (sero) (“1821”) **
**Type. **Melocanna bambusoides Trin., nom. illeg. (Bambusa baccifera Roxb.; Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz).
**113. Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. B: 94. 1875, nom. cons. **
Bambusa baccifera Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 37, t. 243. 1795. Lectotype: Roxburgh, Icones 1401 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 27. 1994.
Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**114. Melocanna clarkei (Gamble ex Brandis) P. Kumari & P. Singh, Nelumbo 51: 234. 2009 **
Arundinaria clarkei Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 666. 1906 (Note: considered to be an invalid name fide Stapleton, 1994).
Neomicrocalamus clarkei (Gamble ex Brandis) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 279. 1989
Racemobambos clarkei (Gamble ex Brandis) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, Compendium 230. 1998
Schizostachyum mannii R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon) 281. 1989. Type: India: Jowai, Khasia & Jaintia Hills; G. Mann 31982 (CAL).
*Bambusa khasiana *sensu Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 39. t. 37. 1896, non Munro, 1868.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya Manipur, Sikkim.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Clark notes that S. mannii has been synonymized with M. clarkei by Kumari and Singh (2014).
**115. Melocanna humilis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(4): 251. 1873, non Roep. ex Trin., 1822 **
Melocanna arundina C.E. Parkinson, Indian Forester 61: 326. 1935
Distribution. Assam, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Thailand].
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “Kumari and Singh (2014) indicate that there are two species of Melocanna, M. baccifera and M. clarkei, and that both occur in Meghalaya, but they do not make any reference to M. humilis.”
**Neohouzeaua A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. Paris 28: 100. 1922 **
**Type. **LT.: Neohouzeaua mekongensis A. Camus (vide McClure, Taxon 6: 206. 1957).
**116. Neohouzeaua dullooa (Gamble) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 28: 101. 1922 **
Teinostachyum dullooa Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 101. 1896 (as “dulloa”). Type: Burma: Katha District, Hawyaw Monastery Garden; February, 1892; Oliver s.n. (K).
Schizostachyum dullooa (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**117. Neohouzeaua helferi (Munro) Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 91. 1923 **
Bambusa helferi Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 114. 1868. Type: Burma: Tenasserim; Helfer 411
Pseudostachyum helferi (Munro) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 253. 1872
Teinostachyum helferi (Munro) Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 102. t. 90. 1896
Schizostachyum helferi (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Neololeba Widjaja, Reinwardtia 11(2): 112–113. 1997 **
**Type. **Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja (Bambusa atra Lindl.).
**118. Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja, Reinwardtia 11(2): 114. 1997. **
Bambusa atra Lindl., Penny, Cyclop. 3: 357. 1835. Type: found in Amboyna
Bambusa lineata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 118. 1868. Type: “Hab. in Ins. Ternate et Celebe. In Amboina exotica, Rumph.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Cultivated and perhaps also naturalized; native to New Guinea, the Moluccas and Sangihe Island and possibly also the Philippines.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this name has many other synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016).
**Neomicrocalamus P.C. Keng, J. Bamboo Res. 2(2): 10. 1983 **
**Type. **Neomicrocalamus prainii (Gamble) Keng f. (Microcalamus prainii Gamble). Substitute name for Microcalamus J.S. Gamble 1890, non A.R. Franchet 1889.
**119. Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius (Griff.) Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(3): 325. 1994 **
Bambusa andropogonifolia Griff., Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. 124. 1848. Type: Bhutan, Tashigang District, Diri Chhu, [27°10'N, 91°26'E], alt. 3600 ft.; Griffith Itin 417 (K).
Distribution. Nagaland [Bhutan].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**120. Neomicrocalamus prainii (Gamble) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(2): 10. 1983 **
Microcalamus prainii Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 207. pl. 7. 1890. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, 8300 ft.; April 23, 1886; Prain s.n. (K).
*Arundinaria prainii *(Gamble) Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 21. t. 19. 1896
Racemobambos prainii (Gamble) Keng f. & T.H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 5(2): 13. 1986
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland [China].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Ochlandra Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 376. 1864 **
**Type. **Ochlandra stridula Thwaites.
**121. Ochlandra beddomei Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 124. t. 110. 1896 **
Type. India: Wynaad; Beddome s.n.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**122. Ochlandra ebracteata Raizada & Chatterjee, Indian Forester 89(5): 362. 1963 **
Type. India: Kerala, Parithipally range, Kottur reserve, Trivandrum division; June 28, 1961; Managing Agents, Punalur Paper Mills s.n. (DD).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**123. Ochlandra keralensis M. Kumar, Remesh & Sequiera, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 25(1): 49–51. f. 1(A–N). 2001 **
Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, Pachakkanam, 3200 ft.; December 9, 1998; Remesh; Stephen 20730 (KFRI).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**124. Ochlandra scriptoria (Dennst.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1863. 1934 **
Bambusa scriptoria Dennst., Schlussel Hort. Malab. 31. 1818. Type: Rheede, Hortus. Malab. 3. t. 60 as “Beesha”
Beesha rheedii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 434. 1833. Type: Rheede, Hortus. Malab. 5. 119. t. 60 as “Beesha”
Ochlandra rheedii (Kunth) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 121. t. 107. 1896
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**125. Ochlandra setigera Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 128. t. 115. 1896 **
Type. India: western slopes of Nilgiri Hills, Gudalur, alt. 3000 ft.; H. Trimen s.n.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**126. Ochlandra sivagiriana (Gamble) E.G. Camus, Bambusees (Camus) 181. t. 99. f. c. 1913 **
Ochlandra rheedii Benth. ex Gamble var. sivagiriana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 122. t. 108. 1896. Syntypes: India: Sivagiri Hills, 4000–4500 ft.; Gamble s.n. (K). Pulney Hills, alt. 1300–1400 ft.; 1873; Beddome s.n.
Ochlandra scriptoria (Dennst.) Fisch. var. sivagiriana (Gamble) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3: 1863. 1934
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**127. Ochlandra soderstromiana M. Kumar & Sequiera, Rheedea 9(1): 33. f. 2. 1999 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Kallar, Kallar Valley Estate, alt. 3200 ft.; June 15, 1998; Stephen Sequiera 008883 (KFRI).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**128. Ochlandra spirostylis M. Kumar, K.K. Seethal. & Sequiera, Rheedea 9(1): 31–33. 1999 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Adimali, Chattuparakudy, 3000 ft.; May 30, 1998; Stephen Sequiera 008884 (KFRI).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**129. **Ochlandra talbotii **Brandis, Indian Trees 684. 1906 (as “talboti”) **
Type. India: North Kanara; Brandis s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**130. Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 125. t. 111. 1896 var. **travancorica
Beesha travancorica Bedd., Forester’s Man. Bot. 234. 1873. Type: India: Mountains of Tinnevelly and Travancore, alt. 3000–5000 ft., Madras; Beddome s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**131. Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. ex Gamble var. hirsuta Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 126. t. 112. 1896 **
**Type. **India: Travancore Hills; Beddome s.n.
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**132. Ochlandra wightii (Munro) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1864. 1934 **
Bambusa wightii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 111. 1868. Syntypes: India: Courtallum; Wight 1009. Malabar; Wight 117, Wight 1346.
Ochlandra brandisii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 126. t. 113. 1896. Type: India: Tinnevelly Ghats, Courtallum, alt. 3000 ft.; 1835; Wight 1009
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Remarks. **Ochlandra kadambaranii. Taxonomic editor Clark suggests that the name Ochlandra kadambaranii, for which UmaShaanker et al. (2004) provide a distribution map, is probably a nomen nudum, but this needs to be checked.
**Oxytenanthera Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 126. 1868 **
**Lectotype.**Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro (Bambusa abyssinica A. Rich.). LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6: 206. 1957.
**133. Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 127. 1868 **
Bambusa abyssinica A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 439. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: near Djeladjeranne [Tchelatchekanne]; December 15, 1839; G.H.W. Schimper s.n. [501] (P). Ethiopia: Banks of R. Tacazze; *Quartin Dillon & Petit s.n. *(P). Ethiopia: Aderbati; Quartin Dillon & Petit s.n. (P).
Distribution. Uttarakhand. Cultivated; native to tropical Africa.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Pseudobambusa Nguyen, Bot. Zurn. 76(7): 992. 1991 **
**Type. **Pseudobambusa kurzii (Munro) Ohrnb.
**134. Pseudobambusa kurzii (Munro) Ohrnb., Bamb. World Introd. Ed. 4: 19. 1997 **
Melocanna kurzii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 134. 1868. Type: India: Andaman Island; Kurz s.n.
Bambusa kurzii (Munro) N.P. Balakr., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22(1–4): 176. 1982 (“1980”)
Schizostachyum kurzii (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Bambusa schizostachyoides Kurz in Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 48, t. 44. 1896, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Teinostachyum schizostachyoides Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39: 89. 1870, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Cephalostachyum schizostachyoides Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu Append. App. B. 94., in clavi, A. A., 137, 1875, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Manipur [Myanmar, Vietnam].
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark observes that Manipur seems unlikely to be part of the native range, since this species is native to the southern part of Myanmar and also the southern part of Vietnam, as well the Andamans.
**Pseudostachyum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 141. 1868 **
**Type. **Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro.
**135. Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 142. t. 4. 1868 **
Schizostachyum polymorphum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989
Lectotype. India: Assam, Nigrigam; January 18, 1836; Griffith 6735 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 30. 1994.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Pseudoxytenanthera Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 52. 1988 **
**Type.**Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Thwaites) Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis (Dendrocalamus monadelphus Thwaites).
**136. Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii (Gamble) H.B. Naithani, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87: 440. 1991 (“1990”) **
Oxytenanthera bourdillonii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 76. 1896 (as “ bourdilloni”). Type: “Western Ghats of Travancore, grows only on steep precipitous places and wet rocks at elevations of 3000–4000 ft.”; J.F. Bourdillon s.n.
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**137. Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Thwaites) Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 52. 1988 **
Dendrocalamus monadelphus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 5: 376. 1864. Lectotype: Sri Lanka: Ambagamuwa; December, 1854; Thwaites C.P. 3359 (PDA). LT designated by Soderstrom and Ellis in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 52. 1988.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**138. Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro) H.B. Naithani, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87(3): 440. 1991 (“1990”) **
Bambusa ritcheyi Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 113. 1868. Type: India: Bombay, Kala Nuddi; Ritchie 820
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**139. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii (Munro) H.B. Naithani, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87(3): 440 1991 (“1990”) **
Oxytenanthera stocksii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 130. 1868. Type: India: Concan; Stocks s.n.
Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro) M. Kumar, Remesh & Unnikr. Sida 21(1): 95. 2004
Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra [also in Vietnam]. Cultivated, or perhaps also native.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Schizostachyum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 535. 1829 **
**Type. **Schizostachyum blumei Nees.
**140. Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz ex Munro) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39(2): 89. t. 6. f. 2. 29. 1870 **
Melocanna zollingeri (Steud.) Kurz ex Munro var. brachyclada Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 134. 1868
Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 332. 1854. Type: Java
Distribution. West Bengal [also in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore]. Probably only cultivated in India.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**141. Schizostachyum rogersii Brandis, Indian Trees 679. 1906 **
**Type. **India: Andamans; G. Rogers s.n.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Nagaland.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) consider this species to be endemic to the Andamans, suggesting that the mainland records refer to cultivated plants or are erroneous.
**142. Schizostachyum virgatum (Munro) H.B. Naithani & Bennet, Indian Forester 117(1): 68. 1991 **
Melocanna virgata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 133. 1868. Type: Hab. in India or Burmah, Keouksik ad fluv. Mogong; Griffith s.n. (K).
Cephalostachyum virgatum (Munro) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. A 137: 1875
Distribution. India, cultivated [China, Myanmar].
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
**Stapletonia P. Singh, S.S. Dash, & P. Kumari, Nelumbo 51: 241. 2009 **
*Type. Stapletonia arunachalensis (H.B. Naithani) P. Singh, S.S. Dash & P. Kumari (*Schizostachyumarunachalense H.B. Naithani).
**143. Stapletonia arunachalensis (H.B. Naithani) P. Singh, S.S. Dash & P. Kumari, Nelumbo 51: 241. 2009 **
Schizostachyum arunachalensis H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 118(3): 230. 1992. Type: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Subansiri District, Baja near Daporijo, 300 m; 17.3.1986; H.B. Naithani 1406 (holotype, DD).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**144. Stapletonia rigoensis L. B. Singha, P. Niri, & R. Devi, Phytotaxa 350(1): 82. 2018 **
**Type. **India: Arunachal Pradesh, Near Rigo village, 400 – 500 m, 001/LBS/2017 (holotype: ASSAM).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial
**145. Stapletonia seshagiriana (R.B. Majumdar) H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 139: 1048. 2013 **
Schizostachyum seshagirianum R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989. Type: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Garsing to Eyo, Spiang, alt. 1900 ft.; R.S. Rao 1794 (CAL).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh.
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Teinostachyum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 142. 1868 **
**Lectotype.***Teinostachyum griffithii *Munro (designated by McClure, Taxon 6: 209. 1957).
**146. Teinostachyum beddomei C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(9): 1860. 1934 **
Schizostachyum beddomei (C.E.C. Fisch.) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
Bambusa wightii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 111. 1868. Syntypes: India; *R.H. Beddome 117, 1009, 1346 *(US-79430). Hab. in Ind. or. Courtallum; Wight 1009. India: Malabar; Wight 117. India; Wight 1346
Teinostachyum wightii (Munro) Bedd., Fl. Sylv. S. India t. 323. 1873
**Type. **Nilgiri and Travancore Hills, alt. 3000–5000 ft.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that the nomenclature here needs to be investigated and the type material studied. The name B. wightii has several syntypes and was based on vegetative material only, so it is unclear what species name really applies to although it appears to be validly published. In addition, T. wightii may be misapplied fideOhrnberger (1999).
**147. Teinostachyum griffithii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 143, t. 3. 1868 **
Schizostachyum griffithii (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989
**Type. **Burma: Prope Wulloboom “in sylvis collinis”; Griffith s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya [Myanmar].
Habit. Woody perennial.
**Thyrsostachys Gamble, Indian Forester 20: 1. 1894 **
**Type. **Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble.
**148. Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble, Indian Forester 20: 1. 1894 **
Type. “The bamboo was discovered by Mr. J.W. Oliver, conservator of forests of the eastern circile of Upper Burma and the photograph from the negative of which our picture has been obtained, was taken by him.” Burma; J.W. Oliver s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar].
**Habit. **Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this species is cultivated in the Indian Botanical Garden, Calcutta and Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.
**149. Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 59–60. t. 51. 1896, nom. cons. **
Bambusa regia Thomson ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 116. 1868 Lectotype: Kurz s.n. (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Taxon 47: 739. 1998.
Thyrsostachys regia (Thomson ex Munro) Bennet, Indian Forester 114(10): 711. 1988
Distribution. Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Probably only cultivated in India.
Habit. Woody perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this species is cultivated in the Indian Botanical Garden, Calcutta and Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.
Subfamily Oryzoideae Kunth x Beilschm. (1833)
Plants perennial, generally herbaceous and with or without rhizomes or stolons. Spikelets with 2 glumes, or the glumes lacking. Flowers 3, the proximal two sterile and only the distal one fertile. Lemma with or without an awn. Lodicules 2. Fusoid cells absent or present, mesophyll cells with or without invaginated cell walls, midrib simple or complex.
Within Oryzoideae, Ehrharteae and Oryzeae are clearly sisters (e.g., (Kellogg 2009; Saarela et al. 2018; Tang et al. 2010)). Members of these two tribes have characteristic “oryzoid” silica bodies in the leaves. These are narrow and elongated perpendicular to the proximo-distal axis of the leaf and form over the veins, which is an unusual position for silica bodies (Metcalfe 1960). Most species have a chromosome base number of *x *= 12. All Oryzeae and many Ehrharteae are plants of moist habitats, a character that may be ancestral (Kellogg 2015b).
In contrast to Ehrharteae and Oryzeae, the position of Streptogyna has long been controversial. However, recent phylogenetic work using complete plastomes places it sister to the Ehrharteae + Oryzeae clade (Saarela et al. 2018). It lacks the distinctive characters of the other two tribes having multi-flowered spikelets and lacking the distinctive silica bodies. Nuclear phylogenies place it sister to the BOP clade (Mathews et al. 2000) or to Bambusoideae (Hisamoto et al. 2008).
Taxonomic editor: G. Anthony Verboom, University of Cape Town
Tribe Ehrharteae Nevski, 1937
Ehrharteae has no obvious diagnostic character, although the simple vasculature in the midrib and lack of an epiblast in the embryo might be synapomorphic (Kellogg 2015b). The plants vary in habit, presence or absence of auricles in the leaves, and ligule morphology. Stamen number also varies, with individual species having 2, 3, 4, or 6 stamens. This character has been used in the past to segregate genera from Ehrharta but phylogenetic studies (Verboom et al. 2003) show that all species are best placed in a single genus.
Ehrharta Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 40: 217. t. 8. 1779, nom. cons. **[incl. Microlaena R. Br., Tetrarrhena R. Br., Zotovia Edgar & Connor] **
**Type. **Ehrharta capensis Thunb.
**150. Ehrharta abyssinica Hochst., Flora 38: 193. 1855 **
Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. abyssinica (Hochst.) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9(87): 508. 1926. Type: Abyssina; Buchinger 1460
Type. Abyssina [Ethiopia]; 1853; *Schimper, Hb. abyss. Buchinger 1460 *(STR).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu, presumably naturalized. Native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Verboom notes that this species may or may not be distinct from E. erecta, and might be treated better as a variety of that species.
151. Ehrharta calycina Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined. 2: t. 33. 1790
Trochera calycina (Sm.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 62. t. 12 f. 4. 1812
Ehrharta auriculata Steud., Flora 12: 491. 1829
Melica geniculata Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 21. 1794. Type: Promontorio Bonae Spei Africas. [South Africa: Cape of Good Hope]; Thunberg s.n.
Ehrharta geniculata (Thunb.) Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 192. 1800
Ehrharta ovata Nees, Linnaea 7: 336. 1832. Type: “Sandige Flache unter dem Tigerberge bei Duiker vallei.”; Ecklon s.n.
Ehrharta paniculata Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 2: 542. 1812
Ehrharta adscendens Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1372. 1830 pro syn.
Ehrharta undulata Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(3): 70. 1839, nom. nud., pro syn.
Melica festucoides Licht. ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(3): 70. 1839, pro syn. Ehrharta calycina Sm.
Ehrharta mnemateia Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 66. 1794, non L.f., 1782. Type: Africa; Thunberg s.n.
Ehrharta laxiflora sensu Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1373. 1830, non Schrad., 1821
Aira capensis L.f., Suppl. Pl. 108. 1782 (“1781”), non Ehrharta capensis Thunb., 1779. Type: “Habitat ad Cap. Bonae spei, Sparrmann.”
Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa, and also naturalized in Australasia, South America.
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**152. Ehrharta capensis Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 40: 217. t. 8. 1779 **
Ehrharta mnemateia L.f., Suppl. Pl. 209. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Africa.” D.D. Thunberg s.n.
Ehrharta nutans Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2(1): 346. 1786, nom. superfl. & illeg. for E. capensis. Type: “Cette plante croit au Cap de Bonne-Esperance, & nous a été communiquée par M. Sonnerat, ainsi que celle qui fuit.”
**Type. **“Herr Ehrhart vistas nu I Hannover.”
Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**153. Ehrharta erecta Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2(1): 347. 1786 **
Ehrharta panicea Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined. t. 9. 1789. Type: “Ex Capite Bonae Spei adtulit Sonnerat anno 1776.” Sonnerat s.n. (Herb. Thouin).
Ehrharta paniciformis Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(3): 64. 1839. Type: not given
Panicum deflexum Guss., Fl. Napol. 5: 320. 1835, nom. later hom., non Schumach, 1827
Trochera panicea Baill., Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 12: 171, f. 313, 314. 1894, non (Sm.) Kuntze, 1891
Type. “Cette plante se trouve fans aucune etiquette dans la collection de Graminees que M. Sonnerat nous a communiquee; mais nous ne savons pas positivement si ell est du Cap, comme la precedente ou si elle est de l’Inde.”
Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to southern Africa, and also naturalized in China.
Habit. Perennial.
**154. Ehrharta longiflora Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined. 2: t. 32. 1790 **
Ehrharta aristata Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 66. 1794. Type: Promontoria Bonae Spei Africes; 1772–1775; Thurnberg s.n.
Ehrharta eckloniana Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1376. 1830. Type: “In Promont. b. spei, prope muros ad urbem Cap, Ecklon s.n.”
Ehrharta longiseta Schrad., Gött. Gel. Anz. 3: 2078. 1821. Type: South Africa: Cape, Cape Good Hope; Hesse s.n.
Ehrharta urvilleana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 9. t. 6. 1829. Type: “Legit cel Dumont d’Urville in insula S. Helenae.”
Ehrharta banksii J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 2: 549. 1791, nom. superfl & illeg? (cited Smith pl. ic. ined. p. 9)
Type. “Ad Prom. Bonae Spei legit Masson. Herb. Banks. Herb Lin. Ex eadem regione relata adest nescio quo lecta botanico.”
**Distribution. **Reported for India. Apparently naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
**155. Ehrharta stipoides Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 1: 91, t. 118. 1805 **
Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 210. 1810
Type. “Habitat in capite Van-Diemen.” Australia: Tasmania, Capite van-Dieman; Labillardière s.n. (FI).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Apparently naturalized. Likely native to Australia.
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Oryzeae Dumort. (1824)
Plants annual or perennial. Leaves with a membranous ligule, with or without a pseudopetiole. Spikelets with the sterile flowers reduced to lemmas or lacking entirely. Glumes reduced or absent. Midrib with two or more vascular bundles, with bundles placed ad- and abaxially, and often with air spaces.
The distinctive midrib anatomy that is here interpreted as synapomorphic for the tribe is lost in Luziola and Hygroryza (Kellogg 2015b; Tateoka 1963). All members of the tribe grow in sites that are moist or regularly flooded, and a few are truly aquatic (Kellogg 2015b).
**Hygroryza Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 15: 380. 1833 **
**Type. **Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees (*Pharus aristatus *Retz.).
**156. Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 15: 380. 1833. **
Pharus aristatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 23. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Habitat in Indiae aquosis.”
Leersia aristata (Retz.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 207. 1832.
Zizania aristata (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 8. 1829
Potamochloa retzii Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 571. t. 24. 1836, nom. illeg. superfl.?
Zizania retzii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 2: 136. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Pharus aristatus Retz.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Aquatic perennial.
**Leersia Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 1, 21. 1788, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. (Phalaris oryzoides L.) (typ. cons.)
**157. Leersia hackelii Keng, Sinensia 11: 412. 1940 **
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. var. japonica Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 645. 1899, non Leersia**japonica Makino, 1892. Type: Coll. Matsum: Tokyo
Leersia oryzoides sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 94. 1896, non (L.) Sw., 1788
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**158. Leersia hexandra Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 21. 1788 **
Asprella hexandra (Sw.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 267. 1817
Leersia australis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 210. 1810. Type: “Designat vicinitatem Coloniae apud Portum Jackson, inclusis ripis aestuarii Hunter’s River vel Coal River nuncupati”; *Brown s.n. *(BM). Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum; *R. Brown s.n. *
Asprella australis (R. Br.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 267. 1817
Leersia abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 356. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in locis paludosis planitiei montanae Chiré, mense Octobre, Schimp. no. 1823.” Ethiopia: Locis Paludosis in Planitie Montana, Provincia Schire; October 10, 1840; W. Schimper 1823
Leersia capensis C. Muell, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14(20): 345. 1856. Type: South Africa “Prom. bonae spei, Uitenhagen”; 1847; *Alexander s.n. *(K)
Leersia griffithiana C. Muell, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14(20): 345. 1856. Type: Bengal; Griffith s.n. (B?).
Leersia luzonensis J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 207. 1830. Type: “Hab. in insula Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzonia; Haenke s.n.
Leersia mauritanica Salzm. ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(4): 174. 1840. Type: Egypt: Tingit; Sieber s.n. (M, Isotype).
Leersia mexicana Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 195 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in convsalle Mexicana inter Chalco et Xochimilco, alt. 1168 hexap.” Mexico: Chalco, Xochimilco; *Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. *(P).
Asprella mexicana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 267. 1817
Leersia parviflora Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 61. 1831. Type: “Crescit in Aegyptia.”
Leersia triniana Siebold ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 174. 1840, nom. invalid? (vide Tropicos)
Oryza hexandra (Sw.) Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 10–11. 1871
Pharus ciliatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 23. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Ad margines stagnorum lectum dedit honor Koenig.”
Type. Jamaica; Swartz s.n. (S).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**159. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 21. 1788 **
Phalaris oryzoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Virginiae paludibus nemorosis.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 78.10 *(LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 115. 1908.
Leersia hackelii sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 599. 1960, non Keng., 1940
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Possibly naturalized in India.
Habit. Perennial.
**Oryza L., Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753 **
**Type. **Oryza sativa L.
**160. Oryza australiensis Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20 (Heft. 85): 333. 1915 **
Type. Nord Australien: Queensl.; F.M. Bailey s.n.
Distribution. India; states not reported [China]. Naturalized in both countries; native to Australia and New Zealand.
Habit. Perennial.
**161. Oryza barthii A. Chev., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16(7): 405–406. 1911 **
Oryza breviligulata A. Chev. & Roehr., Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 159: 560. 1914
**Type.**Chevalier 9615; Chad.
Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
**162. Oryza brachyantha A. Chev. & Roehr., Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 159: 561. 1914 **
**Syntypes.**Chevalier s.n.; Sudan: western Sudan, Ségou; Schweinfurth s.n.; Egypt: pays des Djurs.
Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
**163. Oryza coarctata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 206. 1832 **
Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 8(3): 406. 1965
Sclerophyllum coarctatum (Roxb.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 8. 1851
Oryza triticoides Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 8. t. 142. f. 1. 1851
Type. India: Delta of the Gangas; 1796; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha.
Habit. Perennial.
**164. Oryza glaberrima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 3. 1853 **
Type. Guinea; Jardin s.n. (P).
Distribution. Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh [China]. Naturalized in both countries; native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**165. Oryza grandiglumis (Döll) Prodhl., Bot. Arch. 1: 233. 1922 **
Oryza sativa L. var. grandiglumis Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 8. 1871. Type: Brasilia: in valle Broco lectae; *Luschnath s.n. *
Type. Brasilien; Riedel 1261.
**Distribution. **India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to South America; also naturalized in China.
Habit. Annual.
**166. Oryza indandamanica Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 27(1–4): 225. f. 1–7. 1987 (“1985”) **
Type. India: Andamans Island, Rutland Island; July 26, 1986; Ellis PBL 12248A.
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Habit. Perennial.
**167. Oryza jeyporensis Govindasw. & K.H. Krishnam., Sci. & Cult. 24: 234. 1956, nom. invalid. **
Distribution. Odisha.
Habit. Not reported.
Remarks. Protologue lacks Latin description.
**168. Oryza latifolia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 77. 1813 **
Oryza sativa L. var. latifolia (Desv.) Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 7. 1871
Type. “Habitat in Carolina (error), insulaque Portorici.” Puerto Rico; Desvaux s.n. (P-Juss).
Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Sikkim [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**169. Oryza meyeriana (Zollinger & Moritzi) Baill. ssp. granulata (Nees & Arn. ex G. Watt) Tateoka, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 75: 460. 1962 **
Oryza granulata Nees & Arn. ex G. Watt., Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 500. 1891. Syntypes: Sikkim, Assam, Burma, Bengal, Malabar, Courtallum; Wight s.n., Griffith s.n., Simons s.n., Hooker s.n., Beddome s.n., Kurz s.n., Brandeis s.n.
Oryza meyeriana (Zollinger & Moritzi) Baill. var. granulata (Nees & Arn. ex Watt) Duistermaat, Blumea 32: 185. 1987
Oryza meyeriana sensu C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1845. 1934, non Baill., 1894
Oryza indandamanica J.L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 27: 225. 1985. Type: Andaman Islands, Rutland Is., 30 m alt., 26 Jul 1986; PBL 12248 (Ellis)
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**170. Oryza minuta J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 208. 1830 **
Oryza manilensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 3(4): 219. 1908. Type: Philippines: Luzon Island, Rizal Province; March, 1907; M. Ramos BS 2194 (PNH).
Oryza latifolia sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 92. 1896, non Desv., 1813
Type. Habitat in insula Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzon;* Haenke s.n.* (PR).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**171. Oryza nivara Sharma & Shashtry, Indian J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 25: 161. 1965 **
Oryza sativa L. var. fatua Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1184. 1903, p.p. Type: India: “Orissa, Sundribuns; W. Bengal, N. Bengal.”
Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Gujarat and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**172. Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 501. 1891 ssp. **officinalis
Oryza latifolia sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 92. 1896, non Desv.,
Oryza minuta sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 605. 1960, p.p., non J. Presl, 1830
Type. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8685 and cited many syntypes.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**173. Oryza malampuzhaensis Krishnasw. & Chandras., Madras Agric. J. 45: 471. 1958 **
Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt ssp. malampuzhaensis (Krishnasw. & Chandras.) Tateoka, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 75: 422. 1962
Type. India: Madras.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**174. Oryza rufipogon Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 5. t. 144. f. 2. 1851 **
Oryza sativa L. var. rufipogon (Giff.) G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504. 1891
Oryza fatua Trin. var. longiaristata Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 252. 1925 (as “longe-aristata”). Type: Malaysia: Malacca, Batu Berendam; Burkill s.n.
Oryza sativa L. fo. spontanea Roshev., Bull. App. Bot. & Pl. 27: 37. 1931
Oryza sativa L. var. coarctata G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504. 1891. Type: unknown locality; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n.
Oryza sativa L. var. bengalensis G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504. 1891. Type: India, Bengal
Oryza sativa L. var. abuensis G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504–505. 1891. Type: India: Bengal and Madras
Type. “Eastern part of Bengal, In aquis (Jheel dictis) prope Hubbegunge et Nubbeyunge; October 1, 1835.” NT: Bangladesh; Tim s.n. (CAL). NT designated by Sharma and Shastry in Indian J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 25(20): 157–167. 1965.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**175. Oryza sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753 var. **sativa
Type. “Habitat forte in Aethiopia, colitur in Indiae paludosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 460.1 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1716. 1985.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**176. Oryza sativa L. var. plena Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1184. 1903 **
Oryza plena (Prain) N.P. Chowdhury, Indian Forester 75(11): 497. 1949
Type. Bangladesh: Chittagong [Cultivated double rice].
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. [Bangladesh]
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**Zizania L., Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Zizania aquatica L. LT designated by Nash in Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. 1: 168. 1913, affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 209. 1920
**177. Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 385. 1909 **
Hydropyrum latifolium Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 466. 1853. Type: “Hab. in Davuria in Lacu ad confluentiam fl. Schilka et Argun”; Turcz. as Zizania latifolia Cat. Baikal no. 1337.
Distribution. Manipur [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990).
Tribe Streptogyneae C.E. Hubb. ex C.E. Calderón & Soderstr. (1980)
Plants rhizomatous or caespitose. Leaf blades pseudopetiolate, with an abaxial ligule. Spikelets with several flowers, the distal ones reduced, disarticulating between the flowers. Rachilla internode developing into a hook. Style branches and stigmas 2 or 3, elongating and twisting around each other at maturity, becoming indurate.
**Streptogyna P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80. 1812 **
**Type.**Streptogyna crinita P. Beauv.
**178. Streptogyna crinita P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80, t. 16. f. 8. 1812 **
Streptogyna gerontogaea Hook. f., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 301. 1900 (as “streptogyne”). Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites s.n. Ceylon Plant 922
Type. Nigeria; 1786–1788; *Beauvois s.n. *(G).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
Subfamily Pooideae Benth., 1861
Plants annual or perennial, variously caespitose, rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms hollow. Leaf blades without a pseudopetiole, ancestrally lacking auricles; ligules membranous. Spikelets with 1 to many flowers, disarticulating above the glumes. Lodicules 2 not vascularized. Stigmas borne on separate style branches (i.e., style branches not fused).
Brachyelytrum is sister to all other Pooideae, with the remainder of the species having inflorescence branches initiating in a two-ranked pattern, the spikelets laterally compressed, the embryo lacking a scutellar cleft, and the embryonic leaf margins overlapping (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Kellogg et al. 2013; Saarela et al. 2015; Schubert et al. 2019a, 2019b). The next diverging tribe is Nardeae; all members of the large clade sister to Nardeae (i.e., the remainder of the subfamily) lack bicellular microhairs anywhere on the plant (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). Parallel-sided subsidiary cells are synapomorphic for Brachypodium plus Bromeae, Triticeae, and Poeae (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). A substantial increase in genome size occurred before the crown node of the clade Bromeae+ Triticeae+ Poeae, and nearly all members of the group have a chromosome base number of x=7 (Avdulov 1931; Bennetzen and Kellogg 1997; Kellogg and Bennetzen 2004).
Taxonomic editor: Robert J. Soreng, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, with additional contributions for Stipeae by Paul M. Peterson, Smithsonian Institution, for Agrostis and Calamagrostis by Beata Paszko, Polish Academy of Sciences, and for Poa sect. Stenopoa by Marina V. Olonova, Tomsk State University.
Tribe Nardeae W. D. J. Koch, 1837
Perennial plants with leathery leaves. Lower glume absent or reduced to a narrow ridge; upper glume absent or minute. Lodicules absent; stigma one.
**Lygeum Loefl. in C. Linnaeus, Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 27. 1754 **
**Type.**Lygeum spartum L.
**179. Lygeum spartum L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5, addend. [p.”522”]. 1754 **
Type. “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Loefling 36a, Herb. Linn. No. 75.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Nasir and Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 39. 1982.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the species is native to the Mediterranean, and was cultivated historically for fiber.
Tribe Phaenospermateae Renvoize & Clayton, 1985
Leaves with pseudopetiolate and resupinate blades, and long membranous, glabrous ligules. Spikelets 1-flowered, globose, disarticulating below the glumes. Rachilla extension absent.
Soreng et al. (2017), and taxonomic editor of subfamily Pooideae here, recognizes Phaenospermateae as distinct from Duthieeae. The two tribes are sisters in molecular phylogenies and thus would be monophyletic whether combined or kept separate. *Phaenosperma *is morphologically distinctive and the combined tribe has no morphological synapomorphies. In contrast, Kellogg (2015b) combined Phaenospermateae with Duthieeae, noting that they are sister taxa and that Phaenospermateae s.s. is monogeneric; thus recognition of Phaenospermateae offers no phylogenetic information. The decision whether to combine or separate the two tribes is a matter of ranking, for which there are no taxonomic rules.
**Phaenosperma Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 59. 1881 **
**Type.**Phaenosperma globosum Munro ex Benth. (as “globosa”).
**180. Phaenosperma globosum Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 59–60. 1881 (as “globosa”) **
Type. “First received from the Jardin des Plantes at Paris where it had been raised from seeds brought from China by the Pere David, but it has since turned up among Shearer’s Kiu-Kaing plants.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim fide Naithani (1990).
Tribe Duthieeae Röser & Jul. Schneid., Syst. Biodivers. 9(1): 41. 2011.
Leaf blades neither pseudopetiolate, nor resupinate, ligules short and sometimes ciliolate. Spikelets 1 to several flowered, disarticulating above the glumes. Rachilla extension present or absent. Lemma apex deeply 2-lobed, lobes acuminate or setaceous.
None of these morphological characters is synapomorphic.
**Duthiea Hack., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 45: 200. 1896 **
**Type. **Duthiea bromoides Hack.
**181. Duthiea bromoides Hack., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 45: 200. 1896 **
**Type. **India: Kashmir, Liddar Valley, alt. 12000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 13155, 13382.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Pseudodanthonia Bor & C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. 1957: 425. 1958 **
**Type. **Pseudodanthonia himalaica (Hook. f.) Bor & C.E. Hubb. (Danthonia himalaica Hook. f.)
**182. Pseudodanthonia himalaica (Hook. f.) Bor & Hubbard, Kew Bull.1957: 427. 1958 **
Danthonia himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 281. 1896. Type: India: Kunawar, Jaunsar, Lokardi Peak, alt. 8000–9000 ft.; *J.F. Duthie 14467 *(K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**Sinochasea Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(4): 115, f. 1. 1958 **
**Type.**Sinochasea trigyna Keng.
**183. **Sinochasea trigyna **Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(4): 115, f. 1. 1958 **
Trikeraia oreophila Cope, Kew Bull. 42(2): 350. 1987. Type: Bhutan: Jangothang, 13350 ft [4069 m], 28 Sept. 1979; Dunbar 18
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Bhutan fide Naithani (1990).
Tribe Meliceae Link ex Endl., 1830
Most species perennial. Leaf sheaths with margins fused up to the collar, the margins often joined by a hyaline membrane. Glumes usually shorter than the florets. Lemma margins papery above, the veins not converging at the apex. Lodicules thick, truncate, their margins partially or wholly fused. Style branches 2, free to the base, the branches persistent in the fruit.
**Glyceria R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 179. 1810, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. (Festuca fluitans L.).
**184. Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 179. 1810 **
Festuca fluitans L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae fossis & paludibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.22 (LINN). LT designated by Kit Tan in Davis (ed.), Fl. Turkey 9: 537. 1985.
Distribution. Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Naturalized; native to Europe.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Glyceria fluitans is sometimes confused with G. plicata (= G. notata Chevall (Clayton et al. 2006 onwards)) and G. distans. Cope (1982) accepts G. plicata but this is G. notata (Clayton et al. 2006 onwards), and these three are often confused. Based on the discussion and synonym in the Flora of China treatment (Tian 2006), it is likely that this record refers to G. notata, not G. fluitans.
**185. **Glyceria spicata **Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 784. 1845 **
Poa spicata Biv. ex Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 784. 1845, nom. invalid. cited as synonym of Glyceria spicata, non L., 1753
Type. “In rivulis, stagnis, inundatis in Sicilia.”
Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**186. Glyceria tonglensis C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 119. 1876 **
Glyceria kashmiriensis Kelso, Rhodora 37: 262. 1935. Type: India: Jammu and Kashmir, Liddar Valley above Palgam, 8000–9000 ft.; September 17, 1893; J.F. Duthie 13092 (US).
Type. India: Himalaya, between Darjeeling and Tonglo, “Mert. Koch. Proxima.”
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Koordersiochloa Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 12: 67. 1917 **
**Type.**Koordersiochloa javanica Merr.
**187. Koordersiochloa sanjappae (Kabeer & V.J. Nair) Veldkamp, Reinwardtia 13(3): 302. 2012 **
Streblochaete sanjappae Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 47(1–4): 137 (-138, fig). 2006 (“2005”). Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Ooty, Dodabetta, about 4000 ft.; March, 4, 2002; K. Althaf Ahamed Kabeer 114021 (MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial
**Remarks.**Koordersiochloa Merr. is the correct name for Streblochaete Hochst. ex Pilg. (Veldkamp 2012).
**Melica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 66. 1753 **
**Lectotype. ***Melica nutans *L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 69. 1920.
**188. Melica nutans L., Sp. Pl. 1: 66. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europae frigidioris rupibus.” Proposed Conserved Type: Herb. Linn. No. 86.2 (LINN). Proposed type designated by Hempel in Jarvis (ed.), Taxon 41: 566. 1992.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Melica was recently revised (Hempel 2011).
**189. Melica onoei Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 603. 1878 **
Melica scaberrima (Nees) Hook. f. var. micrantha Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 331. 1896. Type: India: Kishtwar, alt. 6000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Type. Japan: unde sine loci indicatione e botanico japonensi ono habuit; Dr. Savatier s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**190. Melica persica Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 122. 351. t. 89. 1830 **
Melica cupani Hook. f. var. canescens Regel, Descr. Pl. Nov. fasc. 8: 88. 1880. Type: Turkestan: in angustiis Basmandinsk; O. Fedtschenko s.n. (vide Tropicos)
Melica canescens (Regel) Lavrenko, Fl. URSS 2: 752. 1934
Melica cupani Guss. var. vestita (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 591. 1884
Melica hohenackeri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(13): 54. 1854. Type: “Hab. in districtu Talusch prov. transcaucasicarum (Hochstetler).”
Melica inaequiglumis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(7): 124. 1846. Type: Iran: “Hab. ad saxa prope urbem Schiraz, Kotschy no. 315.”
Melica jacquemontii Decne. in Jacquem., Voy. Inde. 4(3): 174–175. t. 175. 1844. Type: India: Kanum
Melica kotschyi Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 289. 1854. Type: Kurdistan: Persia bor.; Kotsch. Herb. alepp. no. 366
Melica lanata Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 289. 1854. Type: “In cacumine montis St. Catharinae Arab. herb. Arab. un. it 104”
Melica pannosa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 55. 1854. Type: “Hab. in rupibus calidis Antilibani ad Souk Wadi Barrada, legi Maio 1846.”
Melica vestita Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(7): 125. 1846. Type: “Hab. in rupestribus alpis Kuh-Delu Persiae australis Kotschy no. 414.”
Melica cupani auct. non Guss., 1832: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 329. 1896, p.p.
Type. “Crescit in Persia inter Kermachan et Amadan.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**191. Melica scaberrima (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 330. 1896 **
Festuca scaberrima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 316. 1854. Type: India; Wight s.n.
Glyceria scaberrima Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 287. 1854. Type: India: *Nees mpt. & Royle herb. no. 376 *
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**192. Melica secunda Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7(2): 629. 1881 **
Melica gracilis Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 192. 1882. Type: Afghanistan: Kuram District, in the Shend-Toi gorge, alt. 9000 ft.
Type. “In kokania inter Karakasuk et Schagimardan (O. Fedtschenko), in valle Afghanistaniae Kurrum (Aitchison no. 1257), in trajectu montium Alexander Karakia(A. Regel), in valle fluvii Almatinka majoris prope Wernoje (Kuschakewicz).”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
Tribe Stipeae Dumort., 1824
Caespitose perennials, the leaves generally stiff and slender. Spikelets one-flowered, the rachilla not extended beyond the flower. Glumes generally longer than the pubescent lemma; lemma generally wrapped around the palea, awned from the apex, the awn straight or twisted and often geniculate. Lodicules 3.
The tribe is monophyletic and the single flowered spikelet could be synapomorphic (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Kellogg 2015b). Generic limits are the subject of much ongoing research and extensive hybridization is likely (Romaschenko et al. 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014; Soreng et al. 2017).
**Achnatherum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 19, 146, pl. 6, f. 7. 1812 **
**Lectotype.**Agrostis calamagrostis L. Designated by Niles & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24(6): 181 (1925).
**193. Achnatherum brandisii (Mez) Z.L. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34: 154. 1996 **
Stipa brandisii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 207. 1921. Type: India: [Himachal Pradesh], Kulla; D. Brandis s.n. (B?; IT: US-866139 (fragm. ex B).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**194. Achnatherum duthiei (Hook. f.) P.C. Kuo & S.L. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 322, pl. 80, f. 9–14. 1987 **
Stipa duthiei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 232. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya, Garhwal, alt. 12000–13000 ft.; Duthie 273
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**195. Achnatherum jacquemontii (Jaub. & Spach) P.C. Kuo & S.L. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 323. 1987 **
Stipa jacquemontii Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 60, t. 339. 1851. Type: “Ad rupes in excelsis Emodi Cachemyriani (altitudine circiter 9000 pedum) legit Jacquemont Augusto anni 1831 (Herb. Mus. Par.)” Kashmir: arid soils in rock crevices, 6400–14000 ft.; August 1831; *Jacquemont 994 *(P).
Lasiagrostis jacquemontii (Jaub. & Spach) Munro ex Aitch., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 107. 1880
Lasiagrostis jacquemontii (Jaub. & Spach) Munro ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 506. 1884, nom. iso., non (Jaub. & Spach) Munro ex Aitch., 1880
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Neotrinia (Tzvelev) M. Nobis, P.D. Gudkova & A. Nowak, Turczaninowia 22(1): 40. 2019. **
**Type.**Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M. Nobis, P.D. Gudkova & A. Nowak.
**196. Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M. Nobis, P.D. Gudkova & A. Nowak, Turczaninowia 22(1): 40. 2019. **
Stipa splendens Trin., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 54. 1821. Type: “Habitat in transbaicalensibus Sibirae.”
Stipa splendens Trin. var. gracilis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 647. 1960. Type: Baltistan, Karakoram; C.B. Clarke 30097
Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 17: 404. 1941
Lasiagrostis splendens (Trin.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 58. 1829
Stipa altaica Trin. ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 80. 1829. Type: “In arenosis et sterilibus subsalsis frequens (L.M.), in montosis apricis ad fl. Ursul. (B).”
Stipa schlagintweitii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 208. 1921. Type: China: Xizang, Balti province “Tibet”; H. von Schlagintweit 5787
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Orthoraphium Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841. **
**Type.**Orthoraphium roylei Nees.
**197. Orthoraphium roylei Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841. **
Stipa roylei (Nees) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 207. 1921
Stipa orthoraphium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 131. 1854, nom. superf. & illegit.
Type. Not given.
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Piptatherum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 17, 173. 1812 **
**Lectotype.**P. caerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauv. (Milium caerulescens Desf.) (vide Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 772: 156. 1920).
**198. Piptatherum aequiglume (Duthie ex Hook. f.) Munro ex Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 113. 1951 **
Oryzopsis aequiglumis Duthie ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 234. 1896. Type: Temperate Himalaya: from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6000–10000 ft.; *Duthie s.n. *
Piptatherum aequiglume (Duthie ex Hook. f.) Munro ex Roshev. var. fasciculatum (Hack.) Freitag, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburg 33(3): 379. 1975
Oryzopsis fasciculata Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 10. 1902. Lectotype: Pakistan: Kashmir, Astor District, in valle Kamri prope Kalapani, alt. 9000 ft.; August 25, 1892; Duthie 12644 (W). (vide Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburg 33(3): 379. 1975)
Piptatherum fasciculatum (Hack.) Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 114. 1951
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Sikkim [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**199. Piptatherum gracile Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 211. 1921 **
Oryzopsis gracilis (Mez) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 347. 1939
Oryzopsis brachyclada Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 345. 1939. Type: Kashmir, Nanga-Parbat-Gebiet, Oberes Rakhiot-Tal, Moränen des Ganalo-Gletschers, nach Suden exponierte Hochgras-Matten, 12800 ft.; July 9, 1937; C. Troll 7774
Oryzopsis lateralis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 234. 1896, p.p. excluding basionym.
Type. China: West Tibet; Thomson s.n. (B).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**200. Piptatherum hilariae Pazij, Notul. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbeckistanicae 10: 20. 1948 **
Oryzopsis humilis Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 445. 1952. Type: India: Jaunsar, Rocks north of Deoban, alt. 8000 ft.; June 21, 1897; J.F. Duthie 19850a (K).
Piptatherum humile (Bor) S. Kumar & Raizada, Indian J. Forest. 9(2): 177. 1986
Oryzopsis wendelboi Bor, Nytt Mag. Bot. 1: 16. 1952. Type: Chitral, Barum Gol, Shokor Shal, alt. 11200 ft.; July 14, 1950; *Per Wendelbo s.n. *(K).
Type. Asia Centre Pamir Alai.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng suggests accepting this name, which is older than any of Bor’s taxa listed here in synonymy.
**201. Piptatherum laterale (Munro ex Regel) Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 117. 1951 **
Milium laterale Munro ex Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 7(2): 645. 1881. Type: “In Afghanistania. Piptatherum laterale Muroe.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**202. Piptatherum munroi (Stapf) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 212. 1921 **
Oryzopsis munroi Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 234. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya: Kashmir to Garhwal, alt. 7000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n.
Oryzopsis stewartiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 272. 1953. Type: India: Pulga, Parbatti Valley, 6400 ft.; July 22, 1935; Mohinder Nath 988 (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**203. Piptatherum vicarium (Grig.) Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 105. 1951 **
Oryzopsis vicaria Grig, Trudy Tadzhikistansk. Bazy 8: 574. 1938. Type: Central deciduous woodland and open vegetation, 1600 ft.-9000 ft.; Tuturin & Besedin 81 (LE).
Oryzopsis microcarpa Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 346. 1939. Type: Kashmir, Nanga-Parbat-Gebiet, Astor Tal, Daschkin, im Artemisien Gesträuch zwischen Büschen und Steinen, 7500 ft.; May 30, 1937; C. Troll 7272
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Ptilagrostis Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 447. 1852 **
**Type.**Ptilagrostis mongholica (Turcz.) Griseb. (Stipa mongholica Turcz.).
**204. Ptilagrostis concinna (Hook. f.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 75. 1934 **
Stipa concinna Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 230. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, in the Tibetan region, alt. 14000–16000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**205. Ptilagrostis dichotoma Keng ex Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentr. Azii 4: 43. 1968 **
Type. China: Gansu/Qinghai border; Y.C. Wu 478.
Distribution. India; states not recorded. [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**206. Ptilagrostis mongholica (Turcz. ex Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 447. 1852 **
Stipa mongholica Turcz. ex Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 67–68. 1836. Type: “Habitat in Sibiria baikalensi in pratis humidis ad torrentem Dschiginai in oxam influentem et ad fl. Tschikoi”; Turcz s.n.
Achnatherum mongholicum (Turcz. ex Trin.) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 17: 403. 1941
Lasiagrostis mongholica (Turcz. ex Trin.) Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 87. 1842
Stipa tibetica Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 207. 1921. Type: China: Xizang, Lasiang, Mougholica, Iriu, 14,000 ft. “West Tibet”; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Stipa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 78. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Stipa pennata L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 176. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 159. 1920.
**207. Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 77. 1842 **
Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr. var. szowitsiana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 77. 1842. Type: “Persia borealis: in salsas arenosis inter Khoi et Seidkozi prov. Aderbeischan rarius; Junio (Szovitis). Transcaucin collibus aridis lapidosis prope Tatuni tractus Suwant (Hohenacker).”
Stipa szowitsiana (Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 450. 1853 (as “szovitsiana”)
Type. “Inter lapides ad radices montis Sinai; 15 Majo. (Schimper Un. Itin n. 107).” Israel: Mount Sinai; G.H.W. Schimper 107
Distribution. India; states not recorded (Northwest Himalaya) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**208. Stipa breviflora Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 82. 1868 **
Stipa aliciae Kanitz, Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol 61. t. 7. f. 4. 1891. Type: China: “Hab Prov. Kansu n. 62. Ku-lang-szhien; June 24, 1879.”
Type. China: Western Xizang, Tnari Khorsum.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China, Nepal].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Remarks. **Record for Ladakh fide Naithani (1990).
**209. Stipa bungeana Trin. ex Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 70. 1833 **
Type. China: “Hebei, ad radices montium Zui-wey-schan et ad vias prope Ssi-jui-ssi”; Bunge s.n.
Distribution. India; states not recorded (Eastern Himalaya) [China].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**210. Stipa capillacea Keng, Sunyatsenia 6(2): 100–102, pl. 15. 1941 **
Type. China: Sichuan: open grass land in rear of Shaowusi Agricultural Station, Taining Xian; K.L. Chu 7449
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**211. Stipa capillata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 116. 1762 **
Type. “Habitat in Germania, Gallia.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 127 (UPS). LT designated by Freitag in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 453. 1985.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**212. Stipa caragana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 1: 74. 1830 **
Lasiagrostis caragana (Trin.) Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7: 90. 1843
Oryzopsis pallescens Vestberg, Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur’evsk. Univ. 5: 147. 1904. Type: Given in Russian language
Type. “V. ssp. e littore oriental. maris Caspici.” Russia: Caspian region; Eichwald s.n. (LE).
Distribution. India; states not recorded [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**213. Stipa caucasica Schmalh., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 293. 1892 ssp. **caucasica
Stipa orientalis Trin var. grandiflora Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7 14(4): 35. 1869. Type: not given
Stipa bella Drob., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 37. 1925, nom. later hom. illeg., non Phil, 1870
**Syntypes. **“Caucasus septentrionalis: Kislowodsk, 24 Julio 1886 (Akinefijew). Daghestania: Czir-Jurt 11 Majo et Tem ir-Chan Schura 6 Majo 1891 (Lipski).” Russia: Caucasus, Kislowodsk; July 24, 1886; Lipsky s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Ladakh fide Naithani (1990).
**214. Stipa caucasica Schmalh. ssp. glareosa (Smirnow) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 11: 20. 1974 **
Stipa glareosa Smirnow, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 266. 1929. Type: “Hab in deserto Gobi et in Altaj locis petrosis V. glareosis.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [also in Mongolia].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**215. Stipa chitralensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 500. 1954 **
Type. India Orientalis, Chitral, Guger, alt. 3000; May 18, 1895; Surgeon Lt. Harris 16800 (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**216. Stipa consanguinea Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 78. 1842 **
Stipa koelzii R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 441. 1945. Type: India: Kashmir, Ladakh, Gya; August 13–14, 1933; W. Koelz 6432 (US-1607603).
Type. “Habitus totus Stipae orientalis, sed pubes adpressa aristarum Stipae holosericeae.” Russia: Siberi, Altai, near Tschuga river; 1832; Bunge s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records for Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, and Sikkim fide Naithani (1990).
**217. Stipa himalaica Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5(1): 11. 1924 **
Stipa pennata sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 230. 1896, non L., 1753
Type. China: Tibet Province Ladakh; July 1–15, 1856; Herbarium Schlagintweit 3 gen No Catalogue 1337.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**218. Stipa orientalis Trin. ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 83. 1829 **
Type. “In rupium fissures ad flum. Tscharysch (L.B.) et n montibus Kurtschum et Arkaul.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**219. Stipa pennata L. ssp. kirghisorum (Smirnow) Freitag, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 438. f. 19. 1985 **
Stipa kirghisorum Smirnow, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 232. 1925. Type: “Habitat in montosis et stepposis Turkestaniae et in Mongolia occidentali.”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**220. Stipa purpurea Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 82. 1868 **
Ptilagrostis purpurea (Griseb.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 76. 1934
Lasiagrostis tremula Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 14(4): 35. 1869. Type: Not given
Stipa semenowii Krassn., Bot. Zap. 2: 22. 1889. Type: “In valle fluminis Sary-Jassy in montibus Thian-Schan non procul ab alpe Chan-tengri et in trajectu Turguen-Aksu non rara.”
Type. China: Western Xizang, Tnari Khorsum, 15300–18500 ft.; Schlagintweit 7116 (LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editors Soreng and Peterson note that this species should continue to be classified in Stipa, although it has copies of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from three genera (Romaschenko et al. 2008). The dominant copy is from Stipa as is the chloroplast (Lu et al. 2016).
**221. Stipa regeliana Hack., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1 89: 130. 1884 **
Type. Kyrgyzstan: Tien Shan, Issikul Musart pass, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; August, 1877; A. Regel s.n. (W).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**222. Stipa roborowskyi Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 1(6): 1. 1920 **
Stipa basi-plumosa Munro ex Hook. f. var. longe-aristata Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 229. 1896. Type: China: Western Tibet; Thomson s.n.
Stipa purpurea sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 645. 1960, non Griseb., 1868
Type. “In montium Kuen Lun jugo Russky, alt. 9700–12200 ft.; July 3, 1890; Roborowsky s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**223. Stipa sibirica (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 158. 1791 **
Avena sibirica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Sibiria.” Lectotype: Amman 27, Herb. Linn. No. 95.1 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000.
Achnatherum sibiricum (L.) Keng., ex Tzvelev, Probl. Ekol. Geobot. Bot. Geogr. Florist. 140. 1977.
Stipa confusa Litw., Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 7: 53. 1928. Type: Russia: “In Sibiriae prov. Tobolsk, Altai, Semipalatinsk (distr. Ustkamenogorsk), Jenisej (prov. Krasnojarsk. et Minusinsk), Irkutsk, Transbajcalia, Jakutsk (distr. Jakutsk).”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**224. Stipa subsessiliflora (Rupr.) Roshev., Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14(Suppl. 2): 50. 1915 **
Lasiagrostis subsessiliflora Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 14(4): 35. 1869. Type: Kyrgyzstan: Tian Shan, Toyandyund Sunktu-Thal, 15400–16000 ft.; July 30, 1867; F. Osten-Sacken s.n. (LE).
Stipa basi-plumosa Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 229. 1896. Type: China: Western Tibet, Nubra, and the Lanak Pass, alt. 15000–17000 ft.; Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**225. Stipa turkestanica Hack., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 59. 1910 ssp. **turkestanica
Type. Turkestania: Schugnan, Dschidak in valle fl. Badamdara; July 27, 1904; B.A. Fedtschenko s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [also in Asia].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**226. Stipa turkestanica Hack. ssp. trichoides (P.A. Smirn.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 17. 1974 **
Stipa trichoides P.A. Smirn., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 233. 1925. Syntypes: Turkmenistan: Ashabad Province, Mt. Ludsha, 6500 ft.; Litvinov 2222 (LE). Turcomania: Fergana, Alaicum, Langar; B. Fedtschenko s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Stipellula Röser & H.R. Hamasha, Schlechtendalia 24: 91. 2012 **
**227. Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser & H.R. Hamasha, Schlechtendalia 24: 92. 2012 **
Stipa capensis Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 19. 1794. Type: South Africa; Thunberg s.n. (UPS).
Stipa tortilis Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 99. t. 31. f. 1. 1798. Type: “Habitat in arvis.”
Distribution. Punjab [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Trikeraia Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 555. 1955 **
**Type. **Trikeraia hookeri (Stapf) Bor (Stipa hookeri Stapf).
**228. Trikeraia hookeri (Stapf) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 555. 1955 var. **hookeri
Stipa hookeri Stapf, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 120. 1894. Type: China: Tibet, Probably in the vicinity of Lhasa; July, September, 1891; Thorold 124 (K).
Achnatherum hookeri (Stapf) Keng, Clav. Gen. Sp. Gram. Prim. Sin. 213. 1957
Timouria aurita Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 134–136. 1933. Type: India: Western Himalaya, Kashmir, Rupshu, Kugzil, alt. 13700; July 16, 1931; Walter Koelz 2328
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**229. Trikeraia hookeri (Stapf) Bor var. ramosa Bor, Kew Bull. 1954(4): 557. 1955 **
Stipa hookeri Stapf var.* ramosa* (Bor) S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): VI. 1989
Type. China: Tibet, Nye, Tsangpo Valley, 12500 ft.; September 2, 1935; F. Kingdon Ward 12295 (BM).
Distribution. India; states not recorded [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editors Soreng and Peterson question whether this species truly occurs in India.
Tribe Brachypodieae Harz, 1880
Plants annual or perennial. Inflorescence unbranched, the spikelets on short pedicels. Spikelets laterally compressed, generally with more than 5 flowers. Glumes shorter than the flowers. Ovary apex pubescent.
**Brachypodium P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 100, 155. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. (Bromus pinnatus L.). LT designated by Niles and Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 196. 1925.
**230. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 156. 1812 (as “distachyos”) **
Bromus distachyos L., Fl. Palaest. 13. 1756. Type: “Habitat in H. [= Hasselquist]…Palaestina.” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 93.48 (LINN). LT designated by Schippmann & Jarvis in Taxon 37: 158. f. 1. 1988.
Festuca distachyos (L.) Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 11. 1797
Trachynia distachya (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 43. 1827
Zerna distachyos Panz. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 1(4): 1249. 1895
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that B. distachyon has been split into three species (Catalán et al. 2012; Lopez-Alvarez et al. 2012). It is unclear which name, or if all 3, would be applicable to material from India. Also, there may be older names for the new species, but this will require checking the types of heterotypic synonyms.
**231. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 156. 1812 **
Festuca sylvatica Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 38. 1762. Type: “Habitat in sylvis et sepibus frequens.”
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. khasianum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 363. 1886. Type: India: Khasia Hills
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. longe-aristatum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 363. 1886. Type: North West Himalaya: Kumaon and Dalhousie, alt. 6000–9000 ft.
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. pseudo-distachyon Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 363. 1886. Type: India: Kashmir and Kumaon
Brachypodium wattii C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 90. t. 40. 1889. Type: India: Kohima, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Jakpho, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. luzoniense (Hack.) H. Hara Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 228. 1938.
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. ssp. luzoniense Hack., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 4): 269. 1906. Type: Philippines: Luzon Province, Benguet, Pauai to Baguio; November 9, 1905; Merrill 4698
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir (C82), Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Tribe Bromeae Dumort., 1824
Plants annual or perennial, caespitose or rhizomatous. Leaf sheaths with fused margins. Spikelets with 3 or more flowers, disarticulating above the glumes. Lemma entire or bidentate, if awned then the awn forming from the sinus or on the abaxial side just below the apex. Style branches on the abaxial side of the ovary, the ovary enlarged and lobed above the point of insertion of the style branches.
This tribe included Littledalea in the treatment of Kellogg (2015b), but Littledalea is now placed in its own tribe (Soreng et al. 2015) so that Bromus is the sole member of Bromeae.
Bromus L, Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 1753, nom. cons.
**Synonyms.**Anisantha K. Koch, Bromopsis (Dumort.) Fourr., Ceratochloa P. Beauv.
**Type. **Bromus secalinus L. (typ. cons.)
**232. Bromus arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europa ad versuras agrorum.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.21 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 499. 1985.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng cites Cope (1982), saying that this species is not confirmed for Pakistan. “Bor (1960) keys it out but has no distribution for it other than temperate Europe and Asia.”
**233. Bromus berteroanus Colla, Herb. Pedem. 6: 68. 1836 **
Bromus barobalianus G. Singh, For. Fl. Srinagar 129. 1976
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Native to South America.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from India fide Naithani (1990).
**234. Bromus catharticus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 22. 1791 **
Bromus unioloides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 151 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit locis alsis regni Quitensi prope Chillo, Conocoto et Sangolqui, alt. 1340 hexap.” Ecuador: Pichincha, Chillo, Conocoto & Sangolqui, alt. 1340 ft.; Humboldt & Bonpland 2286 (P).
Bromus willdenowii Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 1: 134. 1829. Type:* Willdenow Herb. 2103 *(B).
Ceratochloa cathartica (Vahl) Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6(5–6): 144. 1940
Type. “Habitat in Lima.” Lectotype: Peru: Lima; sd; P. Commerson s.n. (P-JU, US-865523). LT designated by Pinto-Escobar, Caldasia 11(54): 9–16. 1976.
Distribution. Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Nepal]. Naturalized; native to southern South America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, and West Bengal fide Naithani (1990).
**235. Bromus confinis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 320. 1854 **
Bromus inermis Leyss. var. *confinis *(Nees) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 358. 1896
Type. Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 325.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh (B60), Sikkim [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**236. Bromus danthoniae Trin. ex C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer) 24. 1831 **
Triniusa danthoniae (Trin. ex C.A. Mey.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 328. 1854 (as “danthonia”)
Bromus macrostachys Desf. var. triaristatus Hack., Flora 62: 155. 1879, in obs. Type: Teheran; Kotschy s.n. ?
Type. Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Talush; June 22, 1830; *C.A. Meyer s.n. *(LE). “In locis lapidosis aridis montium Talusch prope pagum Swant (alt. 670 Hexap.)”.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**237. Bromus diandrus Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 44. 1787 **
Bromus gussonii Parl., Pl. Nov. 66. 1842 (as “gussoni”). Type: “Habitat in collibus, ad sepes, et in sylvaticis Siciliae, insulae Capri, aliisque Italiae locis. Obtinui ex Corsica ab amico botanico Le Maire.” Sicilia; Gussone s.n. (FI).
Neotype. Gr. Bromoides, locustis maximus, lanuginosum, Italicum. Hist. Nat. 261, no. 444, (OXF (Scheuzer Herb.)). NT designated by Sales, Edinb. J. Bot. 50(1): 8–9. 1993.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Naturalized.
Habit. Annual.
**238. Bromus gracillimus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 527. 1852 **
Nevskiella gracillima (Bunge) Krecz. & Vved., Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot.17: 22. 1934
Bromus crinitus Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 64. 1854. Type: “Hab. In monte Elbrus prope pagum Passgala.”
Deschampsia aralensis Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 300. 1868. Type: “Steppe des Aralses im Gebiete des Syr-Darja, Ende Mai fruchttragende Exemplare; Borazozow 774.”
Type. “Hab. in der Wuste Karakum bei Kuk-Kabak Zwischen Tschi (Lasiagrostis splendes) 19 Mai 1842 (Deflor. et fr. Maturo).”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**239. Bromus himalaicus Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 358. 1896 **
Zerna himalaica (Stapf) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 499. 1941
Type. Temperate Himalaya; East Nepal, Sikkim and North Bhutan, alt. 8000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**240. Bromus hordeaceus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753 **
Bromus mollis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 112. 1762. Type: “Habitat in Europae australioris siccis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.6 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Cafferty et al. (Ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000.
Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. mollis (L.) Hyl., Uppsala Univ. Arsskr. 7: 84. 1945
Serrafalcus mollis (L.) Parl., Rar. Pl. Sicilia. 2: 11. 1840
Lectotype. “Gramen Avenaceum pratense gluma breviore squamosa et villosa” in Morison, Pl. Hist. Univ., 3: 213. s. 8. t. 7. f. 18. 1699. LT designated by Smith in Cafferty et al. (Ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Epitype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.7 (LINN). Epitype designated by Smith, P.M. in Cafferty et al. (Ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000.
**Distribution. **Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**241. Bromus inermis Leyss., Fl. Halens. 16. 1761 **
Schedonorus inermis (Leyss.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 177. 181
Zerna inermis (Leyss.) Lindm., Sv. Fanerogamfl. 101. 1918
Bromus inermis Leyss. var. villosus (Mert. & W.D. J. Koch) Beck., Fl. Nieder-Oesterreich. 1: 106. 1890
Festuca inermis (Leyss.) Lam. & DC. var. villosus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch, Deutschl. Fl. (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch), ed. 3, 1: 675. 1823
Bromus latifolius Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 865. 1841. Type: “Hab. in umbrosis montium Aktschavly ad fl. Karakol.”
Type. “In pratis fertilibus succulentis Pomariis in den Pulverweiden im Amstgarten ad Belberg Crollwitz et alibi frequens.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh. Widespread in Eurasia.
Habit. Perennial.
**242. Bromus japonicus Houtt., Natuurlijke Historie [tweede deel (second part)] 2(13): 315, t. 91, f. 4. Aanwyzing Pl. [2]. 1782 **
Bromus abolinii Drobow., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 40. 1925. Syntypes: Turkey: Semi-reczie Province, Almaata District; Abolin 909,1502, 1578, 1634, 1655, 1721, 1838, 1864, 1866, 1869
Bromus cyri Trin., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer) 24. 1831. Type: [Caucasus: Azerbaijan: Kura river]; *C.A. Meyer s.n. *(LE).
Bromus patulus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch in Röhl., Deutschl. Fl. (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch), ed. 3, 1: 685. 1823
Bromus patulus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch var. microstachya Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 361. 1896. Type: Northwest India; Falconer s.n.
Serrafalcus patulus (Mert. & W.D.J. Koch) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 394. 1848
Type. Japan; Thunburg s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Annual.
**243. Bromus lanceolatus Roth, Catalect. Bot. 1: 18. 1797 **
Type. Europe: Semina benignitati debeo amici aestimatiss cel. Roemeri; Roemer.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**244. Bromus moeszii Penzes, Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 24, pl. 10. 1934 **
Bromus sericeus Drobow, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 39. 1925, non Ten. 1811. Type: Turkey: Syrdarja Province, Taschkent District, Kaplanbek; 1921; Abolin 7496
Bromus tectorum L. ssp. lucidus F. Sales, Fl. & Veg. Mundi 9: 32. 1991, nom. nov. for Bromus sericeus Drobow, non. Ten. 1823
Type. Iran: auf Aker und Strassen Graben bei [Daulatabad] Dolitabad; Fichler 18.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**245. Bromus oxyodon Schrenk, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 10: 355. 1842 **
Bromus nototropus Rupr., Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Petersbourg Ser. 7, 14(4): 73. 1869, in adnot. Type: Not given [Mittleren Tian-Schan]
Bromus lanceolatus Roth. ssp. oxyodon (Schrenk) Tzvelev, Spisok Rastenij Gerbarija Flory SSSR 18: 19. 1970
Type. China: Xinjiang: Dzhungaria, desert grasslands, 500–2600 m; Schrenk s.n. (LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**246. Bromus pectinatus Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 22. 1794 **
Bromus gedrosianus Penz., Bot. Kozlem. 33: 111. f. 39 (a-d). 48. 1936. Type: Biluchistan: Gedrosia, Killa abdulla; April 10, 1888; J.F. Duthie 8738
Bromus japonicus Thunb. var. falconeri (Stapf) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 413. 1945
Bromus patulus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch var. falconeri Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 361. 1896. Type: North West India; Falconer s.n.
Type. South Africa: Cape of Good Hope; Thunberg 2522 (UPS).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**247. Bromus porphyranthos Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 574. 1982 **
Bromus himalaicus Stapf var. grandis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 359. 1896. Type: India: Kumaon, Sikkim, alt. 11000–12000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n.
Bromus**grandis (Stapf) Melderis in H. Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 125. 1978, non (Shear) Hitchc., 1912
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**248. Bromus ramosus Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 40. 1762 **
Zerna ramosa (Huds.) Lindm., Sv. Fanerogamfl. 101. 1918
Bromus asper Murray, Prodr. Strip. Gott. 42. 1770. Type: “Hall. Hist. fl. Helun. 1503. Habitau proxime ad Bromum giganteum accedit, cui vero spiculae quadriflorae. Cl Willich Nordheimi inuenit ego in sylua plessensi.”
Type. “Habitat in Sylvis et sepibus frequens.”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**249. Bromus scoparius L., Cent. Pl. I 6. 1755 **
Bromus confertus M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 71. 1808. Type: “Habitat in Iberia.” D. Steuen s.n.
Bromus ovatus Gaertn., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14: 537. t. 19/1. 1770
Serrafalcus scoparius (L.) Parl., Rar. Pl. Sicilia. 2: 19. 1840
Type. “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Loefling 81, Herb. Linn. No. 93.32 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 499. 1985.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Annual.
**250. Bromus staintonii Melderis in H. Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 125. 1978 var. **staintonii
Type. Nepal: Central Nepal, Tukucha, Kali Gandaki, open grassy slopes, 10200 ft.; August 21, 1954; Stainton, Sykes & Williams 7366 (BM).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**251. Bromus tectorum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753 **
Schedonorus tectorum (L.) Fr., Bot. Not. 1843(9): 131. 1843
Zerna tectorum (L.) Panz. ex B.D. Jacks., Index. Kew. 1(4): 1249. 1895
Anisantha pontica C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 394. 1848. Type: Turkey: Coruh, Ispir, alt. 4000 ft.; Koch s.n.
Bromus abortiflorus St.-Amans, Fl. Agen. 44. 1821. Type: “Fl. E. I. Le. Bord. Des champs sablonneux, a St. Laurent, vis-à-vis le Port-Saint-Marie, a Villeneuve-sur-lot, C. Dans Les Landes, a La Lague, pres Xaintrailles.”
Bromus setaceus Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 98–99. 1862. Lectotype: USA: Northern Texas; Buckley s.n. (US-865474 (fragm.)). LT designated by Hitchcock in Man. Grasses U.S. 817. 1935
Type. “Habitat in Europae collibus siccis et tectis terrestribus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.23 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 500. 1985.
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Tribe Triticeae Dumort., 1824
Plants annual or perennial, caespitose or rhizomatous. Leaf sheaths often with prominent auricles. Inflorescence unbranched, the spikelets borne crosswise to the rachis. Spikelets 1 to 5 per node, laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes. Lodicules ciliate. Endosperm with simple starch grains.
Generic limits in this tribe are problematical (Barkworth 2007; Stebbins 1956; Stebbins and Snyder 1956; Stebbins, Jr. and Walters 1949). Extensive hybridization and polyploidy mean that the evolutionary history is not tree-like and hence cannot be converted to a hierarchical classification (Kellogg et al. 1996); therefore, all efforts to create monophyletic genera are somewhat arbitrary.
**Aegilops L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1050. 1753, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Aegilops triuncialis L. (type cons.).
**252. Aegilops tauschii Coss., Notes Pl. Crit. 2: 69. 1850 (“1849”) **
Patropyrum tauschii (Coss.) A. Love, Biol. Zeutralbl. 101(2): 206. 1982
Triticum aegilops sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 367. 1896, non P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., 1817
Type. “Habitat in lberia (Buxbaum. Loc. cit, Wilhems in Herb. Gay). In Tauria (Tauch, Loc. cit.). In Graminosis et aridis prope Elisabethpol Georgia Caucasicae (Hohenacker, un. it. 1834).” Lectotype: Ill., pl. 50. f. 1. in Buxbaum, Pl. minus cognit. Centuria 1. 1728. (Illustration). LT designated by van Slageren in Wegen. Agric. Univ. Pap. 94–7: 328. 1994.
Distribution. Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. See van Slageren (1994)
**Elymus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Elymus sibiricus L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 93. 1920.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Soreng cites the major generic synonyms of Elymus as Elytrigia Desv., Hystrix Moench, and Roegneria K. Koch. In contrast, he notes, Anthosachne, Pseudoroegneria, Stenostachys, and Thinopyrum are generally maintained as separate genera, although Australasian members of Anthosachne and Stenostachys are not part of those genera as currently understood. See Barkworth et al. (2009).
**253. Elymus borianus (Melderis) Cope in E. Nasir & S.I. Ali, Fl. Pakistan 143: 617. 1982 **
Agropyron borianum Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 690. 1960. Type: Swat: Kalam, 7000 ft.; August 24, 1955; A. Rahmann 229 (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**254. Elymus burchan-buddae (Nevski) Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentr. Azii 4: 220. 1968 **
Agropyron burchan-buddae Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk SSSR 30: 514. 1932
Distribution. India; states not recorded [China, Nepal].
Habit. Not recorded.
**255. **Elymus cacuminis **B. Rong Lu & B. Salomon, Nordic J. Bot. 13: 355, f. 1. 1993 **
Roegneria cacuminis (B. Rong Lu & B. Salomon) L.B. Cai, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(2): 160. 1997
Distribution. India; states not recorded [China, Nepal].
Habit. Not recorded.
**256. Elymus caninus (L.) L., Fl. Suec. ed. 2, (Linnaeus) 39. 1755 **
Agropyron caninum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 146. 1812
Triticum caninum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86–87. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae sepibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 100.10 (LINN). LT designated by Cope & van Slageren in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 258. 2000.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Widespread in Eurasia.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**257. Elymus ciliaris (Trin. ex Bunge) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 61. 1972 **
Agropyron ciliare (Trin. ex Bunge) Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Ser. 2, 7: 151. 1884
Triticum ciliare Trin. ex Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor 72. 1833. Type: “Habitat in pratensibus prope Kan-tai.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Arunachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**258. Elymus dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 331. 1852 **
Clinelymus dahuricus (Trucz. ex Griseb.) Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R 30: 645. 1932
Elymus dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. var. micranthus Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 697. 1960. Type: Pakistan: Bumbrait; July 22, 1956; J.H. Norris 25184 (K).
Type. “Hab. In sibiria altaica pr. Krasnojarsk”; Turcz s.n. “inque Davuria”; Turcz s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**259. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 21. 1973 ssp. **dentatus
Agropyron dentatum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 370. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, alt. 9000–12000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n., Thomson s.n. Western Tibet; Karakoram, alt. 14000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**260. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev ssp. elatus (Hook. f.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 455. 1984 **
Agropyron dentatum Hook. f. var. elatum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 371. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, Dras, alt. 12000–13000 ft.; Thomson s.n.
Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev var. elatus (Hook. f.) G. Singh, J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 8(2): 497. 1986
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**261. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev ssp. kashmiricus (Melderis) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 455. 1984 **
Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev var. kashmiricus (Melderis) Signh, J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 8: 497. 1986
Agropyron dentatum Hook. f. var. kashmiricum Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 690. 1960. Type: India: Kashmir; W. Munro s.n. (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**262. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev ssp. scabrus (Nevski) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 455. 1984 **
Agropyron dentatum Hook. f. var. scabrum Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R 30: 626. 1932. Type: India: Kashmir, Gilgit, Multur Valley in the bed of stream, 9000–10000 ft.; August 5, 1892; J.F. Duthie 12423
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**263. Elymus duthiei (Melderis) G. Singh, Taxon 32(4): 639. 1983 **
Agropyron duthiei Melderis, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 662, 690. 1960. Type: Western Himalaya: near Simla, 7000–8000 ft.; August 23, 1889; *J.F. Duthie 10123 *(K).
Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev ssp. duthiei (Melderis) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 468. 1984
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**264. Elymus fedtschenkoi Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 21. 1973 **
Agropyron curvatum Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R 30: 629. 1932. Type: “Habitat in Turkestania (Prov. Semipalatinsk, Semireczie, Fergana (Alaj) Kuldsha).”
Agropyron macrolepis auct. non Drobow 1925: Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 663. 1960
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**265. Elymus himalayanus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 61. 1972 **
Roegneria himalayana Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 68. 1934. Type: NW Himalaya: Jihri-Garhwal, Rhudughera; August 19, 1983;* J.F. Duttie 140 *(LE).
Agropyron himalayanum (Nevski) Melderis, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 662. 1960
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**266. Elymus jacquemontii (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Rast. Centr. Azii, Mater. Bot. Inst. Komarov 4: 221. 1968 **
*Anthosachne jacquemontii *(Hook. f.) Nevski Fl. URSS 2: 598, pl. 44, f. 20a and b 1934
Agropyron jacquemontii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 369–370. 1896. Syntypes: Western Tibet, Bekar; Jacquemont s.n. Nubra, alt. 17000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Kumaon, alt. 15500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n.
Distribution. Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**267. Elymus longe-aristatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev ssp. canaliculatus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.9: 62. 1972 **
Agropyron canaliculatum Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 509. 1932. Type: Tajikistan: Darvaz, Peter the Great Range southern slope, Vereshkai glacier, alt. 10500 ft.; July 29, 1899; V. Lipskii 2500 (LE).
Roegneria longe-aristata (Boiss.) Drobow var. canaliculata (Nevski) L.B. Cai, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(2): 165. 1997
Agropyron longe-aristatum auct. non (Boiss.) Boiss., 1884: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 368. 1896
Elymus x incertus H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(2): 519. 1984. Type: Zanskar, Tungri Tal, Doda Rivers, alt. 12800 ft.; H. Hartmann 2613
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Anthosachne Steud. is currently a recognized genus, but restricted to Australasia*. Anthosachne longe-aristatus* (Boiss.) Nevski does not belong to that genus according to Mary Barkworth (pers. comm. Dec 2013).
**268. Elymus mutabilis (Drobov) Tzvelev, Pl. As. Cent. 4:217. 1968 **
Agropyron mutabile Drobow, Trudy Botaničeskago Muzeja Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk 16: 88, pl. 9, f. 3–4. 1916. Type: Drobov 315.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**269. Elymus nayarii Karthik. in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 213. 1984. Replacement name. **
Agropyron thomsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 370. 1896 (as “thomsoni”). Syntypes: Western Himalaya, alt. 10000–12000 ft. from Kunawur and Piti; Jacquemont s.n., Thomson s.n. Garhwal; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n., Duthie s.n.
Elymus thomsonii (Hook. f.) Melderis in H. Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 132. 1978, non Hook. f., 1896
Distribution. Uttarakhand.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) cite this as Agropyron thompsonii, endemic to India. However, Löve (1984) placed it in the synonymy of Leymus secalinus. Evidently, more study is needed.
**270. Elymus nutans Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 72. 1868 var. **nutans
Clinelymus nutans (Griseb.) Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 644. 1932
Elymus nutans Griseb. var. elatior Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 73. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis: Garhwal, 10000–10600 ft.; Thomson s.n.
Elymus nutans Griseb. var. condensatus Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 73. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis, Garhwal, 13400–17600 ft.; T. Nari Khorsum
Elymus sibiricus L. var. minor Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 373. 1896. Type: Duthie no. 13745
*Elymus nutans *Griseb. var. albidus Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 697. 1960. Type: West Himalaya: Kunawur, Soognam, circa agros; V. Jacquemont 1638 (K).
Type. “West Himalaya”: Garhval, from Ghastoli North of Badrinath up the Sarsutti Valley do Deo Tal on South foot of Mana Pass; September 3–5, 1855; Schlagintweit 9158 (LE). Based on Hooker’s misapplication of E. sibiricus Hook., non L.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**271. Elymus repens (L.) Gould, Madroño 9(4): 127. 1947 **
Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 14. 1933
Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 102. 146, 180, pl. 20. f. 2. 1812
Triticum repens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae cultis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.7 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 43: 1431. 1965.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**272. Elymus russellii (Melderis) Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 618. 1982 **
Agropyron russellii Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 665, 694. 1960. Type: Karakoram, Hispar Glacier, dry Bank, 12500 ft.; August 1, 1939; R. Scott Russell 1388 (BM).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that it is unclear if this species occurs in India or if it is truly endemic only to the Pakistan portion of Kashmir (Baltistan, Gilgit, Markerum).
**273. Elymus schrenkianus (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 428. 1960 **
Agropyron schrenkianum (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) P. Candargy, Etude Monogr. Tribu des Hordes 1: 22, 41. 1901
Triticum schrenkianum Fisch. & C.A. Mey., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 3(68): 305. 1845. Type: “In monte Tarbagtai.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**274. Elymus schugnanicus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Nov. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 62. 1972 **
Agropyron schugnanicum Nevski, Izvestiya Botanicheskogo Sada Akademii Nauk SSSR 30: 512. 1932
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**275. Elymus sibiricus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 **
Clinelymus sibiricus (L.) Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 641. 1932
Elymus krascheninnikovii Roshev., Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 780. 1932 (as “krascheninnikovi”). Type: Mongolia bor. Occidentalis: In valle fl. Dshargalanta (47° lat. Bor., 104–105 ° long. or.) Ad fontem fl. Uber-Dshargalanta; September 11, 1925; H. Krascheninnikov 967/169
Elymus praetervisus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 348. 1854. Type: Russia: [South] Urals Mountains, Lake Ilmen; 1832; Lessing s.n. (LE).
Type. “Habitat in Sibiria.” Proposed Conserved Type: Herb. Linn. No. 100.2 (LINN). Type designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 42: 554. 1964.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**276. Elymus sikkimensis (Melderis) Melderis, En. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 132. 1978 **
Agropyron sikkimense Melderis, Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambuseae) 694. 1960
Distribution. Sikkim [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Record for Sikkim fide Naithani (1990).
**277. Elymus stewartii (Melderis) Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 627. 1982 **
Agropyron stewartii Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 695. 1960. Type: Baltistan: near Kasurmik, Shyok watershed, 9000–10000 ft.; August 15, 1940; R.R. Stewart & I. D. Stewart 20704 (BM).
Pseudoroegneria stewartii (Melderis) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 447. 1984
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Not recorded but likely perennial.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Pseudoroegneria is usually separated from Elymus, but it is unclear whether P. stewartii is a good member of Pseudoroegneria.
**278. Elymus tschimganicus (Drobow) Tzvelev, Rasteniia Tsentral’noi Azii 4: 221. 1968 **
Agropyron tschimganicum Drobow, Key Fl. Tashkent 1: 40. 1923
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng comments on the orthographic variations in the history of this name. In 1923 Drobow spelled it tschimganicum; in 1940 Drobow spelled it czimganicum; in Fl. Central Azii, 4: 221 (270 in English ed.) 1968, Tzvelev, comb. nov. the combination was spelled as Elymus czimganicus, later corrected to tschimganicus.
**279. Elymus × nothus (Melderis) G. Singh, Taxon 32(4): 639. 1983 **
Agropyron × nothum Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 693. 1960. Type: Karakoram, Makerum, Hispar Glacier, dry bank, 12,500 ft.; August 1, 1939; R. Scott Russell 1387 (BM).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng states that this is the named hybrid Elymus dentatus × E. fedtschenkoi. Cope (1982) lists it among other putative hybrids but says none have been investigated beyond original characterization.
**Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3. 14: 360. 1851 **
Triticum sect. Eremopyrum Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 1: 112. 1829.
**Lectotype. **Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach (Secale orientale L.). LT designated by A. Love in Biol. Zentralbl. 101: 208. 1982.
**280. Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 18. 1933 **
Triticum**bonaepartis Spreng., Bot. Gart. Halle erster Nachtrag [Suppl. 1]. 40. 1801. Type: “Habitat in Aegypto, Sprengel.” Africa: Egypt, alt. 4200–7000 ft. (B-W-2335.1). (vide Tropicos)
*Agropyron bonaepartis *(Spreng.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 936. 1894 (as “Agropyrum buonapartis”)
Agropyron orientale (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. sublanuginosum Drobow, Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 135. 1916. Type: “Prov. Syr-Darja. Circa urb. Petro-Alexandrowsk. In arenosis (Lg. A. Zaregradsky, 1914).”
Eremopyrum buonapartis (Spreng.) Nevski var. sublanuginosum (Drobow) Melderis, Ark. Bot., n.s. 2: 215, 305. 1952
Agropyron turkestanicum Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 420. 1913. Type: Turkestan: Merw province, near Repetek; April 16, 1902; Androssow in Herb. fl. Ross 1899 (C).
Hordeum hirsutum Bertol., Misc. Bot. 1: 11. 1842. Lectotype: Chesney’s Exped. Pl. Sicc. 196, 1837, “Euphr. ex oris Euphratis” (BOLO). LT designated by Frederikden, Nordic J. Bot. 11: 279. 1991.
Eremopyrum hirsutum (Bertol.) Nevski, Fl. URSS 2: 663. 1934
Triticum squarrosum Roth, Neue Beytr. Bot. 128. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Triticum bonaepartis
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**281. Eremopyrum distans (K. Koch) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 18. 1933 **
Agropyron distans K. Koch, Linnaea 21: 426. 1848 (as “Agropyrum”). Type: “Aus der Provinz Eriwan, c. 3000’ hoch, auf basaltisch-trachytischem Boden.” Russia: Armenia, ultra Araxen fluv. apud Amaranth; 1838; *C. Koch 636 *(LE)
Agropyron lasianthum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 68. 1854 (as “Agropyrum”). Type: “Hab. in Campis Caspiis (Fisch.) in Songaria (Turcz) sub nominee Tr. Orientalis acceptum.”
Distribution. India (Western Himalaya; states not recorded) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**282. Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 26–27. t. 319. 1851 **
Secale orientale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753. Type: “Habitat ad Archipelagum.” Neotype: Herb. Tournefort No. 4939 (P-TOURN). LT designated by Frederiksen in Nordic J. Bot. 11: 277. 1991.
Agropyrum orientale (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 757. 1817
Triticum orientale (L.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 86. 1808
Distribution. India (Western Himalaya; states not recorded) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Hordeum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753 **
**Lectotype. ***Hordeum vulgare *L. (Designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 286. 7 Jun 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 98. 1920).
**283. Hordeum aegiceras Royle ex Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2. 1836 **
*Critho aegiceras *(Royle ex Lindl.) E. Mey., Index Seminum [Königsberg (Regimontanum)]. 5. 1848
*Hordeum vulgare *L. ssp. *aegiceras *(Royle ex Lindl.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95(7–8): 435. 1984)
Hordeum vulgare L. var.* aegiceras* (Royle ex Lindl.) Aitch., Cat. Pl. Punjab Sindh 171. 1869
Type. Kashmir: cultivated at over 3000 m.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is sometimes cultivated in Eastern Europe where it is accepted as Hordeum vulgare subsp. aegiceras (Nees ex Royle) Á. Löve (PlantBase 2005). Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) accept it as a species, and Flora of China (Wu et al. 2006) as a variety, Hordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schltdl.) Alef.
**284. Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky, Trudy Glavn. Bot. Sada 40: 248. 1928 (as “bogdani”) **
Critesion bogdanii (Wilensky) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 438. 1984
Hordeum secalinum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 372. 1896, p.p., non Schreb., 1771
**Type. **Russia: Volga region, Lake Elton, near farm Smutnev; March 27, 1917; *D. Wilensky 374a *(LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990).
**285. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link, Linnaea 17: 391–392. 1844 ssp. **brevisubulatum
Hordeum secalinum Schreb. var. brevisubulatum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(1): t. 4. 1823. Type: “Figura ad speciment ircutense.”
Hordeum secalinum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 372. 1896, p.p., non Schreb., 1771
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya; states not recorded) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**286. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link ssp. nevskianum (Bowden) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 66. 1971 **
Hordeum nevskianum Bowden, Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 7: 396. 1965
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial
Remarks. Records from India and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**287. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link ssp. turkestanicum (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 66. 1971 **
Hordeum turkestanicum Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 40. 1934. Type: “Montes meridionales: Tian-schan occidentalis. Ad declivia argilloso-saxosa montis Tschimgan Majoris”; August 10, 1926; Rajkova s.n.
Critesion brevisubulatum (Trin.) Á. Löve ssp. turkestanicum (Nevski) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 438. 1984
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial
Remarks. Records from India and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**288. Hordeum lagunculiforme Bakhteyer, Kungl. Lantbrukshogskolans Ann. 23: 309, pl. 1. 1957 **
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Annual.
**289. Hordeum leporinum Link, Linnaea 9: 133. 1834 **
Hordeum murinum L. var. leporinum (Link) K. Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 130. 1890
Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. 805. 1882.
Critesion**murinum (L.) Á. Löve ssp. *leporinum *(Link) Á. Löve, Taxon 29(2–3): 350. 1980
Hordeum pseudomurinum Tapp. ex W.D.J. Koch., Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 955. 1845. Type: “Ad vias in Tyroli australi, (bei Schlanders im Vintschgau, Dr. Tappeiner)”; Tappeiner s.n.
Hordeum ambiguum Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(3): 231. 1880. Type: “Habitat ad Monte video, sello d. n. 755.” Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow 755
Hordeum rubens Willk., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 109. 1875. Type: “Mallorea: in cultis, muris, ruderatis, hortis in oppido Soller. Die 6 Maji Jam fere defloratum.”
Type. “Frequens in Graecia.”
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [also in Europe].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species may not occur in India. It is native across the Mid-east to Pakistan including Kashmir. While Cope (1982) cites it as occurring in China, it is not listed by Wu et al. (2006).
**290. Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2: 737. 1902 **
Hordeum gussoneanum Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 246. 1845, in obs. Type: Italy: Sicily; Gussone s.n.
Critesion marinum (Huds.) Á. Löve ssp. *gussoneanum *(Parl.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, Amer. J. Bot. 72(5): 772. 1985
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Naturalized; native from Europe to central Asia.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that if this actually occurs in India, it is probably naturalized. Cope (1982) records it as occurring in Europe to central Asia, and cites one record from Pakistan.
**291. Hordeum murinum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753 ssp. **murinum
Zeocriton murinum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 182. 1812
Critesion murinum (L.) Á. Löve, Taxon 29(2–3): 350. 1980
Triticum murale Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 27. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
**Type. **“Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis.” Lectotype: *Herb. Clifford: 24, Hordeum 3 *(BM-000557673). LT designated by Baum & Jarvis in Taxon 34: 529. f. 1. 1985.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan].
**Habit. **Annual.
**292. Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 67. 1971 **
Hordeum glaucum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 352. 1854. Type: Saudi Arabia: Mons. Sinai; Schimper 383 (P).
Critesion glaucum (Steud.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 440. 1984
*Hordeum stebbinsii *Covas, Madrono 10(1): 17–19, pl. 2. F. 8, 12[left], 13. 1949. Type: USA: California: Lake County, Middletown; May 9, 1948; G.L. Stebbins & G. Covas 3927 (UC-754601).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Eurasia].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Record from India fide Naithani (1990).
**293. Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 430–431. 1848 **
Hordeum ithaburense Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. 1, 2(13): 70. 1854. Type: “Hab. In declivibus siccis montis Ithaburis in latere meridionali supra Daburieh.”
Hordeum vulgare L. var. spontaneum (C. Koch) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 723. 1902 [cited as synonym]
Type. “Auf den steppenartigen Matten des schirwanschen Theiles des Kaukasus, 500–1000 ft.” Russia: Caucasus, 500–1000 ft.; C. Koch s.n.
Distribution. India (Northwest; states not recorded) [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**294. Hordeum vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84–85. 1753 **
Hordeum distichon L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753. Neotype: France. “Pl. de l’Ouest de la France”; June 29, 1879; Guadeceau s.n. (BM-000576277). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 251. 2000.
Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. agriocrithon (Åberg) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 435. 1984
Hordeum agriocrithon Åberg, Ann. Agri. Coll. Sweden 6: 159. 1938. Type: China: Xizang, Taofu (Dawo), 9600 ft. (“two specimens grown from the seed collection no. 13064”); H. Smith.
Lectotype. Herb. Linn. No. 103.1 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 679. 1959.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated throughout semi-arid regions of Eurasia.
**Kengyilia C. Yen & J.L. Yang, Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1897. 1990 **
**Type. **Kengyilia gobicola C. Yen & J.L. Yang.
**295. Kengyilia thoroldiana (Oliv.) J.L. Yang, C. Yen & B.R. Baum, Hereditas (Lund) 116(1–2): 27. 1992 **
Agropyron thoroldianum Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 23(3): t. 2262. 1893
Elymus thoroldianus (Oliv.) G. Singh, Taxon 32(4): 640. 1983
Roegneria thoroldiana (Oliv.) Keng, Acta Univ. Nankin. Sci. Nat. 1963(3): 79. 1963
Distribution. Sikkim [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Leymus Hochst., Flora 31: 118. 1848 **
**Type. **Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. (Elymus arenarius L.).
**296. Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev, 4: 209. 1968 **
Triticum secalinum Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich 1: 198. 1775. Type: Russia, 2600–5000m.
Elymus dasystachys Trin., Fl. Altaic. (Ledebour). 1: 120. 1829
Elymus thomsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 374. 1896 (as “thomsoni”). Type: China: Western Tibet, Xizang, Danskar, Piti, alt. 13000 ft.; T. Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**297. Leymus duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. f.), J. Syst. Evol. 47: 83. 2009 **
Asperella duthiei Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 375. 1896. Type: India: Western Himalaya, Tihri-Garhwal, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 14564 (K).
Hystrix duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. f.) Bor, Indian Forester 66(9): 544. 1940
Macrohystrix duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. f.) Tzvelev & Prob., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 95: 858. 2010.
**Distribution. **Western Himalaya.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve, Taxon 29: 168. 1980 **
Elytrigia sect. Pseudoroegneria Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 60. 1934
**Type. **Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Á. Löve (Bromus strigosus M. Bieb.).
**298. Pseudoroegneria cognata (Hack.) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 446. 1984 **
Agropyron cognatum Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 10: 22. 1904. Type: India: Kashmir; J.F. Duthie 11895 (W).
Elymus cognatus (Hack.) Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 628. 1982
Agropyron cognatum Hack. var. shingoense Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 660, 690. 1960. Type: Baltistan: Kashmir, Shingo Valley, 10000–11000 ft.; July 7, 1893; J.F. Duthie 11895 (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Secale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Secale cereale L. LT designated by Designated by Hitchcock in U.S.D.A. Bull. 772: 91. 1920.
**299. Secale cereale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753 **
Triticum cereale (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 27. 1796
**Type. **“Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 102.1 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 40: 1704. 1962.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Native to Eurasia; widely cultivated.
**300. Secale segetale (Zhuk.) Roshev., Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 143. 1947 **
Secale cereale L. ssp. segetale Zhuk., Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(2): 56. 1928
Secale afghanicum (Vavilov) Roshev., Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 139. 1947
Secale cereale L. var. afghanicum Vavilov, Trudy Prikl. Bot. 16(2): 77. 1926
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Triticum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Triticum aestivum L. LT designated by Hitchcock in Amer. J. Bot. 10: 513. 1923.
**301. Triticum aestivum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753, nom. cons. **
Triticum compositum L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 108. 1774. Neotype : Cultivated. “Triticum compositum L. Introdotto nella coltura del basso Egitto,” Herb. Figari (K). Neotype designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 258. 2000.
Triticum hybernum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753. Type: “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 24, Triticum 2 (BM-000557669). LT designated by Hanelt et al. in Taxon 32: 496, f. 2. 1983.
Triticum sativum Lam., Fl. Franc. (Lamarck). 3: 625. 1779 (“1778”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Triticum turgidum
Triticum vulgare Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 153. 1787. Type: “N. Froment Tourn. Tab. 293.”
Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 24, Triticum 3 (BM-000557670). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 674. 1959.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. See van Slageren (1994).
**302. Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schübl., Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal. 29. 1818 **
Triticum spelta L. var. dicoccum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 389. 1789, sphalm. Type: Germany: Bavaria, Stuttgart; *H.R. Kerner s.n. *“ult. die vom H.R. Kerner von Stuttgart”; H.R. Kerner s.n.
Triticum spelta Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 3: 21, t. 30. 1805, non L., 1753
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own.
**303. Triticum durum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 114. 1798 **
Triticum polonicum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 497. 1984
Type. “Colitur in Barbaria.”
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own.
**304. Triticum monococcum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753 **
Crithodium monococcum (L.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 490. 1984
**Lectotype.**Herb. Linn. No. 104.4 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 664. 1959.
Distribution. India; states not recorded [China].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. Editor Kellogg questions whether this is truly cultivated in India.
**305. Triticum polonicum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 127. 1762 **
Triticum glaucum Moench, Methodus (Moench) 174. 1794, nom. superfl. & illeg. for T. polonicum
Triticum levissimum Hall., Stirp. Ind. Helv. 209. 1768
Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.3 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 670. 1959.
Distribution. Assam [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. The Linnaean typification project assigns the name Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl ssp. polonicum to this taxon (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/), but Soreng notes that Gigachilon is invalid.
**306. Triticum spelta L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753 **
Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta (L.) Thell., Mitt. Naturwiss. Ges. Winterthur 12: 471. 1918
Triticum zea Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 3: 20. t. 29. 1805. Type: Seritur
Type. “Habitat - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.1 (LINN). LT designated by Morrison in Taxon 47: 709. 1998.
Distribution. India; states not recorded [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own.
**307. Triticum sphaerococcum Percival, Wheat Pl. Monogr. 321. 1921 **
Triticum aestivum L. ssp. sphaerococcum (Percival) Mackey, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 48: 586. 1954
Type. India: parts of Persia; Howard s.n.
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Punjab.
**Habit. **Annual.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own.
**308. Triticum turgidum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753 **
Triticum polonicum L. ssp. turgidum (L.) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 497. 1984
Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 913.62–257 (L). LT designated by Morrison in Taxon 47: 707. 1998.
Distribution. Northwest India [China].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. The Linnaean typification project assigns the name Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl ssp. turgidum (L.) Á. Löve to this taxon (Cafferty et al. 2000), but Soreng notes that Gigachilon is invalid.
Tribe Poeae R. Br., 1814
Plants annual or perennial, rhizomatous or caespitose, inflorescence and spikelets variable; spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes. The punctate hilum may be synapomorphic; having an endosperm with lipid may also be derived here although this character is sparsely sampled.
**×Agropogon P. Fourn., Quatre Fl. France (ed. 1) 50. 1934 (parent: Agrostis L., 1753 × Polypogon Desf. 1798) **
**309. ×Agropogon lutosus (Poir.) P. Fourn., Quatre Fl. France (ed. 1) 50. 1934 **
[Agrostis stolonifera × Polypogon monspeliensis]
Agrostis lutosa Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 249. 1810, nom. nov. for Agrostis littoralis With.
Agrostis subaristata Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 192. pl. 29. 1881. Type: Afghanistan: Kuram District, on margins of fields, alt. 7000 ft.; J.E.T. Aitchison s.n. (K).
Polypogon subaristatus (Aitch. ex Hemsl.) Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Curr. Sci. 49(11): 444. 1980
Polypogon littoralis Sm., Comp. Fl. Brit. 13. 1816, nom. nov.
Agrostis littoralis With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 129. t. 23. 1796, non Lam., 1791. Type: England: Specimens from Wells, on the Norfolk coast
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial (short-lived).
Remarks. Widespread, sporadic across Eurasia, sterile.
**Agrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753, nom. cons. **
**Type. Agrostis canina L. (typ. cons.).
Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that generic boundaries among Agrostis, Calamagrostis and Deyeuxia are confusing. No molecular studies have yet resolved the problem of how to divide these genera or determined if it is even possible to divide them. See also discussion under Calamagrostis.
**310. Agrostis brachiata Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 256. 1896 **
Type. India: Bihar (“Behar”), Monghyr; *Wallich *(Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3769B).
Distribution. Bihar [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**311. **Agrostis canina **L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753, nom. cons. **
Agraulus caninus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 5, 147. t. 4. f. 7. 1812
Trichodium caninum (L.) Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 198. 1806
Agrostis wightii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 168. 1854. Type: Wight Herb. no. 78 as Vilfa vulgaris
Type. “Habitat in Europae pascuis humidiusculis.” Conserved Type: Herb. Burser I: 3 (UPS). Type designated by Widén in Fl. Fennica 5 : 29. f. 25. 1971.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**312. Agrostis capillaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62 1753 **
Agrostis tenuis Sibth., Fl. Oxon. 36. 1794
Agrostis alba L. var. tenuis (Sibth.) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia. 1: 97. 1923
Agrostis hispida Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 370. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Europae parties, pascuis et arvis.”
Agrostis vulgaris With. var. hispida (Willd.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 1: 191. 1828
Agrostis stolonifera L. fo. hispida (Willd.) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1920
Agrostis stolonifera L. var. vulgaris (With.) Celak., Prodr. Fl. Bohmen. 4: 710. 1881 (as “1880”)
Agrostis vulgaris With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 132. 1796. Type: England: very common but grows chiefly on poor dry and sandy soil
Decandolia vulgaris (With.) Bastard, Essai Fl. Maine-et-Loire 28. 1809
Vilfa vulgaris (With.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 146. 1821
Agrostis vulgaris With. var. mutica G. Sinclair, Hort. Gram. Woburn. 269. 1824. Type: Germany
Agrostis vulgaris With. var. plena G. Mey., Fl. Kon. Hanov. 3, sig. 22. 1842
Agrostis capillaris Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson), ed. 2. 1: 27. 1778, non L., 1753
Agrostis alba L. var. vulgaris (With.) Plues, Brit. Grass. 151. 1867, non G. Mey., 1824
Type. ”Habitat in Europae pratis” LT: Herb. A. van Royen (L-912.356–69 (left-hand specimen); ILT: L); designated by Widen, Fl. Fenn. 5: ? (1971).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**313. Agrostis filipes Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 256. 1896 **
Type. Unresolved. Several syntypes: “Khasia Hills, alt. 5–6000 ft., in several places, Clarke”.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**314. Agrostis gigantea Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 31–32. 1788 **
Agrostis stolonifera L. var. ramosa (Gray) Veldkamp, Blumea 28(1): 223–225. 1982. Type: “Not indicated and according to Philipson not preserved. The type of the next name might be appointed as lectotype.”
Vilfa alba (L.) P. Beauv. var. ramosa Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 145. 1821. Type: Marshes and Woods
Type. Europe: Germany; Roth s.n. (B). “Habitat inter arundinum et salices ad ripas Visurgi Ducatus Bremensis.”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**315. Agrostis griffithiana (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 387. 1960 **
Calamagrostis griffithiana Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 263. 1896. Syntypes: Western Himalaya: Kumaon, alt. 5500 ft.; *R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. *Khasia Hills, alt. 5000 ft.; Griffith s.n., J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Agrostis wardii Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 444. 1949. Type: India: Manipur State, Sirhoi Kashong, 9400 ft.; 8.10.1948; Kingdon-Ward 18145 (K).
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See (Paszko and Pendry 2013).
**316. Agrostis hissarica Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 93. 1923 **
Polypogon hissaricus (Roshev.) Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 307. 1970
Agrostis stewartii Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 255. 1956. Type: India: Swat State, Kalam, alt. 8000 ft.; August 23, 1952; R.R. Stewart 24733 (K).
Syntypes. Turkestan: Buchara, Hissar District, Sorbo. 8000 ft.; July 23, 1896; W. Lipsky 3511. Prov. Samerkand Utsch-Chada; July 20, 1915; *Balabajew s.n. *Minkwitz; *O. Knorring s.n. *Prov. Fergana, Distr. Andishan, Otusart, sub trajectu Taldy bel.; August 21, 1911; Z. Minkwitz & O. Knorring 1791.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Polypogon hissaricus (Roshev.) Bor is the accepted name in Lu and Phillips (2006) and Clayton et al. (2006 onwards). Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**317. Agrostis hookeriana C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 256. 1896 **
Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, in meadow, alt. 9000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
**Habit. **Annual.
**318. Agrostis inaequiglumis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 80. 1868 **
Type. India: Sikkim, 12000–15000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, N West Bengal. [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
**Habit. **Annual.
**319. Agrostis micrantha Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 170. 1854 **
Agrostis myriantha Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, Lachen, 9000–10000 ft.; August 2, 1849; J.D. Hooker & Thomson, Agrostis 7 (K). LT designated by H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 390. 1999.
Agrostis myriantha Hook. f. var. khasiana Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896. Lectotype: India: Khasia; *J.D. Hooker & Thomson, Agrostis 8 *(part) (K). LT designated by H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 390. 1999.
Agrostis myriantha Hook. f. var. sikkimensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896 (nom. superfl. for var. myriantha by lectotypification; H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 390. 1999).
Agrostis platyphylla Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 302. 1921. Holotype: J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson, Agrostis 8 (in part); no date; India: Khasia (B (photo, K); IT: US-73398 (fragm. ex B)) B destroyed
*Agrostis himalayana *Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 269. 1953. Type: Assam: Balipara Frontier Tract, Nyukmadung, 6400 ft.; F. Kingdon-Ward 11538 (BM).
Type. Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3776) (P).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**320. Agrostis munroana Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 192. 1882 ssp. **munroana
Calamagrostis munroana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 523. 1884
Calamagrostis munroana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Boiss. var. stricta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 263. 1896. Type: Common at altitudes of 11000–15000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom, Agrostis no 4
Type. Afghanistan: Kuram District, Shend-toi gorge, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; J.E.T. Aitchison s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**321. Agrostis munroana Aitch. & Hemsl. ssp. indica Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 205. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) **
Type. India: Himachal Pradesh, Karcham-Brue Road; August 27, 1973; Janardhanan 52862A (CAL).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**322. Agrostis nervosa Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 328. 1841 **
Agrostis clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 9000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Agrostis sikkimensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 502. 1954
Agrostis divaricata Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 81. 1868, non Hoffman, 1800. Type: Himalaya orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 9000–12000; J.D. Hooker Agrostis no. 11
Type. India; Royle s.n. (LE).
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Hooker cited four specimens for A. clarkei, which are syntypes. A lectotype appears not to have been designated yet.
**323. Agrostis peninsularis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 255. 1896 **
Syntypes. India: Deccan Peninsula; Wight Cat no. 1746. Pulney Hills; Wight s.n.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Afghanistan].
Habit. Annual.
**324. Agrostis pilosula Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 372. 1841 var. **pilosula
Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. wallichiana (Steud.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 459. 1954
Agrostis pilosula Trin. f. wallichiana (Steud.) Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 210. 1985 (“1983”)
Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. wallichiana (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896
Agrostis wallichiana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 174. 1854. Type: Himalaya; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3775a)
Agrostis royleana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(3–4): 371. 1841. Type: India; *Royle s.n. *(LE).
Agrostis ciliata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 373. 1841. Type: India
Calamagrostis ciliata Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 67, 71 & 303
Calamagrostis hookeriana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 192. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka
Calamagrostis jacquemontii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 265. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir; moist places on the Pyr Panjal; Jacquemont no. 97
Calamagrostis neesii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 72
Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. alpestris (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 28(1): 203. 1982
Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. alpestris Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896. Type: Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 11000–15000 ft.
Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 263. 1896
Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. ciliata (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896
Lachnagrostis ciliata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 373. 1841, pro. syn., nom. nud. Type: “Ind. orient.”
Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. scabra Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896. Type: India: in woods at about 7000–10000 ft., Kashmir to Sikkim. Hack. in Herb. Duthie n. 10,088, as Agrostis bicuspidata Hack. in Herb. Duthie 7583, as Agrostis**royleana Nees in Herb. Royle s.n., as Lachnagrostis scabra.
Calamagrostis roylei Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal
Deyeuxia royleana (Trin.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 108. 1885
Lachnagrostis royleana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 371. 1841, pro. syn., nom. nud. Type: “In Royle Herb. Ind. reg. mont. sup. no. 266”
Lachnagrostis scabra Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 372. 1841, pro. syn., nom. nud. Type: “Ind. orient. reg. mont. super”; Royle s.n.
Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. royleana (Trin.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 459. 1954, nom. illeg.
Agrostis tungnathii Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 204–205, f. 1. 1985 (“1983”). Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Chamoli, on way to Tungnath, 12800 ft.; August 29, 1978; Bhattacharya 1524A (CAL).
Type. India; Royle 72 (LE).
Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) places A. tungnathii in synonymy here.
**325. Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. filifolia Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 459. 1954 **
Agrostis pilosula Trin. f. filiifolia (Bor) Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 210. 1985 (“1983”)
**Syntypes. **India: Madras, Silva cascade, Riverside Pulneys; June 1, 1898; A.G. Bourne 1022. Lidcot Valley, Kodaikanal, Pulney; July 10, 1898; A.G. Bourne 3143. Bear Shola Valley, Pulneys; June 21, 1901; A.G. Bourne 1486.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**326. Agrostis pleiophylla Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 301. 1921. **
Lectotype. C.B. Clarke 26852; 31 Jul 1875; Sikkim: Darjeeling, 2280 m (B100448371) LT designated by B. Paszko and Soreng 2013, to supersede that by Noltie.
**Distribution. **Assam, Khasa Hills, Meghalaya, Sikkim.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See Paszko and Soreng (2013) for a discussion of typification of this species. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this is not a synonym of A. zenkeri, but rather is a good taxon on its own.
**327. Agrostis schmidii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1810. 1934 **
Calamagrostis schmidii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, Ootacamund; Schmid s.n.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**328. Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753 **
Agrostis alba sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 254. 1896, non L., 1753
Type. “Habitat in Europa.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 912.356–55 (L). LT designated by Widén in Fl. Fennica 5: 77. f. 28. 1971.
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**329. Agrostis tripilifera (Hook. f.) Forsan, ined. **
Agrostis triaristata (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 391. 1960, nom. later hom., non Knapp, 1804
Calamagrostis tripilifera Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 262. 1896. Syntypes. India: Sikkim, in the drier interior, 10000–13000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.; Clarke s.n, King’s Collector
Deyeuxia triaristata Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 266. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya: in woods, Yeumtong, alt. 12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Deyeuxia tripilifera (Hook. f.) Keng, Sunyatsenia 6(1): 68. 1941
Distribution. Sikkim.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. This combination is accepted by Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) but appears not to be published. See also Paszko (2012b).
**330. Agrostis vinealis Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 47. 1771 **
Agrostis canina sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 255. 1896, non L.,1753
**Type. **Germany: “In siccioribus ad Schoenfeld templum S. Theclae.”
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**331. Agrostis zenkeri Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 363. 1841 **
Deyeuxia zenkeri (Trin.) Veldkamp, The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 37(2): 219. 1984[1985].
Calamagrostis zenkeri (Trin.) Davidse, in M.D. Dassanayake et al. (eds.), Revised Handb. Fl. Ceylon 8: 107. 1994
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri;* Zenker s.n.* (LE-TRIN-1669.01).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial (perhaps annual?).
Remarks. Paszko argues that this species is properly placed in Agrostis (Paszko and Soreng 2013)
**Aira L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Aira praecox L. (typ. cons.)
**332. Aira caryophyllea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 66. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Angliae, Germaniae, Galliae glareosis.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 85.22 *(LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 84. 1970.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [China].
Habit. Annual.
**Alopecurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Alopecurus pratensis L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 191. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock in Bull. U.S.D.A 772: 137. 1920.
**333. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Fl. Petrop. 16. 1799 **
Alopecurus caespitosus Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3(21): t. 241. 1829. Type: “Figura ad specimen Boreali-Americanum.” NW America: Douglas; *J. Lindley s.n. *(LE-TRIN-1537.01).
Alopecurus diandrus Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 11. 1851. Type: India: “Assam in ripas arenosis Brahmaputra fluminis rarus March 1836. It. Ass. 45.”
Alopecurus aristulatus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 43. 1803. Type: “Hab. in Paludosis Canadae”; H. Pittier, T.A. Durand s.n.
Alopecurus fulvus Sm., Engl. Bot. 21: t. 1467. 1805. Type: England: Swainsthorpe, four miles south of Norwich; Stone s.n.
Alopecurus subaristatus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 80. 1805, nom. superfl & illeg.
Type. “Habitat in locis uliginosis cum Alopecurus geniculatus, in lacubus natans est”; Sobolewski s.n. (LE).
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
Remarks. Records for Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, and Nagaland fide Naithani (1990).
**334. Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 8: 776. 1808 **
Alopecurus ventricosus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 80. 1805, non Huds. 1778. Type: “Hab. in Gallia.”
Type. “Cette plante est cultivate au Jardin des Plantes de Paris Jignore son lieu natal. (herb. Desfont.)”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**335. Alopecurus geniculatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europae uliginosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 26 (UPS). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**336. Alopecurus himalaicus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 238. 1896 **
Type. India: Kashmir and Dras, alt.10000–14500 ft.; Falconer s.n. (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**337. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 23. 1762 **
Alopecurus agrestis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 89. 1762. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype: Hudson 29, Herb. Linn. No. 82.2 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000.
Type. “Habitat in arvis, et ad vias”; Hudson s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**338. Alopecurus nepalensis Trin. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 148. 1854 **
Alopecurus**borii Tzvelev, Vasailchenko, Nov. Syst. Plant Vasc. 8: 21. 1971. Type: Turcomania, in valley fl. Amu-Darja, 15 km ad astros versus urb. Czardzhou; 8 May 1958, T. Nadezhina s.n. (LE)
Type. Nepal; *Wallich *(Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3780).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Doğan (1999) places A. borii in the synonymy of A. nepalensis.
**Aniselytron Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 5: 328. 1910 **
**Type. **Aniselytron agrostoides Merr.
**339. Aniselytron treutleri (Kuntze) Soják, Cas. Nar. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148(3–4): 202. 1980 **
Milium treutleri Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 780. 1891. Type: India: Sikkim: Tanglo, beim Dorf Shimong, 10500 ft.; August 5, 1874; Von Treutler 486 (K).
Calamagrostis treutleri (Kuntze) U. Shukla, non Govaerts. Grasses N.E. India 51. 1996.
Deyeuxia treutleri (Kuntze) Stapf, non Rauschert. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 24(4): pl. 2396. 1895.
Neoaulacolepis treutleri (Kuntze) Rauschert. Taxon 31(3): 561. 1982.
Aniselytron treutleri (Kuntze) Bennet & Raizada, Indian Forester 107(7): 434. 1981, isonym, nom. inval.
Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**Anthoxanthum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Anthoxanthum odoratum L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 171. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A 772: 201. 1920.
**340. **Anthoxanthum borii **S.K. Jain & D.C. Pal, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 92. 1975 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Palnis, Pambar Stream near Shenthadikanal; December 6, 1898; Bourne 1954 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record from Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**341. Anthoxanthum flexuosum (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 30(2): 347. 1985 **
Hierochloe flexuosa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 222. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim Himalaya, Bijean; King’s collector s.n. (K).
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**342. Anthoxanthum hookeri (Griseb.) Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 380. 1904 **
Ataxia hookeri Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 77. 1868. Type: India: Sikkim, 9000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker Ataxia no. 2
Hierochloe hookeri (Griseb.) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 32: 627. 1888
Hierochloe hookeri (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896, isonym, non (Griseb) Maxim., 1888
Distribution. Tamil Nadu, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**343. Anthoxanthum horsfieldii (Kunth ex Bennett) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 291. 1921 **
Ataxia horsfieldii Kunth ex Bennett, Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 8, pl. 3. 1838
Hierochloe horsfieldii (Kunth ex Benn.) Maxim., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Asiat. 7: 930. 1888
Anthoxanthum formosanum Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40(474): 318. 1926
Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. formosanum (Honda) Veldkamp, J. Jap. Bot. 68(6): 344. 1993
Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. luzoniense (Merr.) Y. Schouten, Blumea 30(2): 337. 1985
Anthoxanthum japonicum ssp. luzoniense (Merr.) T. Koyama, Grass. Jap. Neighb. Reg. 486. 1987
Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 178. 1906
Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. viridescens (Honda) Veldkamp, J. Jap. Bot. 68(6): 344. 1993
Anthoxanthum viridescens Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 379. 1927
Anthoxanthum clarkei (Hook. f.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 8. 1947
Hierochloe clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896. Type: India: Khasia Hills, Lailan Kote, alt. 5500; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**344. Anthoxanthum khasiana (C.B. Clarke) Ohwi, Bulletin of the Tokyo Science Museum 18: 8. 1947 **
Hierochloe khasiana C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896. Type: India: Khasia Hills, alt. 4500–6000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**345. Anthoxanthum laxum (R. Br. ex Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 30(2): 348. 1985 **
Hierochloe laxa R. Br. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 222. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya, Kashmir, from alt. 10000–12000 ft. to Kumaon, alt. 12000–16000 ft.; R. Brown (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3796)
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**346. Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753 **
**Type. **“Habitat in Europae pratis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 46.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 19. 1993.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**347. Anthoxanthum sikkimense (Maxim.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 8. 1947 **
Hierochloe sikkimensis Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 32: 626. 1888. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson Ataxia 1
Anthoxanthum gracillimum (Hook. f.) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 291. 1921
Hierochloe gracillima Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**348. Anthoxanthum tibeticum (Bor) Veldkamp, Blumea 30(2): 350. 1985 **
Hierochloe tibetica Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 271. 1953
Distribution. Sikkim. [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990).
**Arctopoa (Griseb.) Prob., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 49. 1974 **
Glyceria sect. Arctopoa Griseb., in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4(13): 392 1852
**Type.**Glyceria glumaris (Trin.) Griseb. ==Arctopoa eminens (J. Presl) Prob.
**349. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf) Prob., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 52 1974 **
Poa tibetica Munro ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 339. 1896 var. tibetica. Syntypes: China: Western Tibet, Piti, alt. 9000–16000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n. Ladakh; Thomson s.n. Plains of Tibet north of Kumaon, alt. 15000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Arctopoa has been demonstrated be of old reticulate origin (Gillespie et al. 2008), derived from an extinct parent (chloroplast donor) from an early lineage of Poa crossed with a parent from a lineage outside Poa but related to Cinna and Arctagrostis (nrDNA donor). The genus has diversified and now includes at least three well marked and stable species, although Probatova (2003) recognizes eight.
**350. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf) Prob. var. aristulata (Stapf) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212054-1
Poa tibetica Munro ex Stapf var. aristulata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 339. 1896. Type: Eastern Tibet, North of Sikkim, alt. 16000–17000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Poa pseudotibetica Noltie, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57(2): 279–281, f. 1A–D. 2000. (Edinburgh J. Bot.). Type: Sikkim; Chholhamoo, marshy meadows, 17820 ft, 6 Aug. 1972, Pradham, Norbu & Naku 206 (HT: E00393981)
Distribution. Sikkim [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that recognizing this variety requires a new combination in Arctopoa, which we make here. It could also be recognized as a separate species but he does not feel that this is warranted.
**Avena L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Avena sativa L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 218. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 110. 1920.
**351. Avena barbata Pott ex Link in Schrader, J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 315. 1799 **
Lectotype. Lusitania, ex cult. mea; July 1796; Pott s.n. (LE).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**352. Avena byzantina C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 392. 1848 **
Type. “Ich erhielt sie auch unter den Thirkenschen aus der Umgegend von Brussa gesammelten Pflanzen.”
Distribution. Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this is a Mediterranean taxon, presumably introduced to India in cultivation. It was placed in Avena sativa by Baum (1977). This species does grow outside of cultivation as a weed in other crops and disturbed places around where it is cultivated. It is recognized as a separate species by some taxonomists (e.g. by Chiapella and Amarilla (2012)), based on its slender, non-geniculate awn on both florets. Other authors (e.g. http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html) consider it as a subspecies – Avena sativa subsp. byzantina (K. Koch) Romero Zarco (Euro+Med Plantbase on-line). The latter treatment seems preferable.
**353. Avena fatua L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80. 1753 **
Avena fatua L. var. pilosissima Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 131. 1821. Type: Corn fields
Avena fatua L. var. glabrata Peterm., Fl. Bienitz. 13. 1841
Avena sativa L. var. sericea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 275. 1896. Type: Bhutan; Griffith s.n.
Avena fatua L. var. pilosa Syme, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club 1871: 20. 1872. Type: Beanfield Claygate, Surrey; H.C. Watson s.n.
Avena fatua L. ssp. meridionalis Malzev, Bull. Appl. Bot. Gen. Pl. Br., Suppl. 38: 304. 1930
Avena meridionalis (Malzev) Roshev., Fl. Turkmen. 1: 105. 1932
Type. “Habitat in Europae agris inter segetes.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 95.9 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 82. 1970.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record from Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**354. Avena sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753 **
**Lectotype.**Herb. Clifford: 25, Avena 1 (BM-000557678). LT designated by Baum in Taxon 23: 579. f. 1. 1974.
Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab,
Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. It is unclear whether this species is naturalized or only cultivated.
**355. Avena sterilis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 118. 1762 var. **sterilis
Type. “Habitat in Hispania. Alströmer.” Lectotype: Alströmer 7, Herb. Linn. No. 95.12 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1 : 84. 1970.
Distribution. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**356. Avena sterilis L. var. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne, Nouv. Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 532. 1875 **
Avena ludoviciana Durieu, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 20: 41. 1855. Type: “Cette espece est assez frequente dans les environs de Bordeaux, aux lieux deja cites, elle semble preferer les terrain calcaires aux siliceux, quand I’A.” France: Bordeaux; May 27, 1855; G. Lespinasse s.n. (LE). [France]: de la Garonne: Bordeaux; July 6 1855; F. Schultz 386 herbarium normale. Cent. 4. (LE).
Distribution. Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**Briza L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 **
Macrobriza (Tzvelev) Tzvelev Komarovskie Čtenija (Moscow and Leningrad) 37: 32 1987
**Lectotype. ***Briza media *L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 45. 1920.
**357. Briza maxima L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 **
Macrobriza maxima (L.) Tzvelev., Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 78(10): 91 1993
Type. “Habitat in Italia, Lusitania.” Lectotype: Seguier, Herb. Linn. No. 88.6 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 53. 1970.
Distribution. Karnataka, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**358. Briza media L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europae partis [sic] siccioribus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 88.5 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1720. 1985.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**359. Briza minor L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Helvetia, Italia.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 88.1 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 53. 1970.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Perhaps naturalized. [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Possibly naturalized. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Calamagrostis Adans., Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 31, 530. 1763 **
Deyeuxia Clarion ex P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 43. 1812. LT: Deyeuxia montana P. Beauv. (D. pyramidalis (Host.) Veldkamp), designated by Niles & Chase, Contr. US Natl. Herb. 24: 169. 1925.
**Type.**Calamagrostis lanceolata Roth (Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 34. 1789) (Arundo calamagrostis L.).
Notes. The treatment here of Calamagrostis and Deyeuxia should be considered provisional as the generic boundaries are unclear. The two are considered distinct by Lu et al. (2006) and Kellogg (2015b). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Calamagrostis is deeply polyphyletic (Saarela et al. 2010). See also Paszko and Chen (2013), and Paszko and Ma (2011).
**360. Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 33. 1788 **
Agrostis arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae monticulis sylvosis glareosis juniperitis.” Lectotype: *Amman 26, Herb. Linn. No. 84.7 *(LINN). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 243. 2000.
Deyeuxia sylvatica (Schrad.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 77. 1829
Calamagrostis pyramidalis Host., Icones et Descriptiones Graminum Austriacorum 4: 28, pl. 49. 1809. (Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac.). Type: In sylvis Pannoniae...Bruck an der Leitha...Junio, Julio, Anon. s.n. (W?)
Deyeuxia pyramidalis (Host.) Veldkamp, Blumea 37(1): 230. 1992
Deyeuxia montana P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 43. 1812.
Arundo montana Gaudin, nom. illeg. superfl. for Agrostis arundinacea L.
Arundo sylvatica Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 218. t. 4. f. 7. 1806 (as “Siluativa”), nom. superfl. & illeg.
Deyeuxia arundinacea (L.) Jansen, Acta Bot. Neerl. 1: 470. 1952, nom. illeg. hom., non P. Beauv., 1812
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Deyeuxia arundinacea P. Beauv. has no connection with any Indian species and is equal to Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand & Schinz.
**361. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 15: 157. 1812 **
Calamagrostis cinnoides Barton, Compend. Fl. Phila. 1:45. 1818.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
*Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). However, these records are dubious. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the only correct name for this as misapplied is *Calamagrostisnuttaliana Steud., but he remains skeptical that this should be in Asia at all.
**362. Calamagrostis debilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 262. 1896 **
Deyeuxia debilis (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Gard. Bull. Singapore 37(2): 220. 1985
Agrostis debilis (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. 387. 1960, non Poir, 1810
Agrostis neodebilis Bennet & Raizada, Indian Forester 107(7): 433. 1981
Type. India: Sikkim: Chola, 9800 ft.; *J.D. Hooker s.n. *(K).
Distribution. Sikkim [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**363. Calamagrostis decora Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 260. 1896 **
Type. India: Kashmir, Astor Valley, alt. 9000–10000 ft.; J.F. Duthie no. 12600.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**364. Calamagrostis diffusa (Keng) Keng f., Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(3): 195–196. 1984 **
Deyeuxia diffusa Keng, Sunyatsenia 6(2): 94–95. 1941. Type: China: Yunnan: 1900–2750 m, E.E. Maire 6863 p.p.
Agrostis nagensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 497. 1954. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Japvo, alt. 7500 ft.; September 28, 1935; N.L. Bor 6449 (K).
Calamagrostis nagensis (Bor) Uniyal, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 8(1): 235. 1986
Deyeuxia nagensis (Bor) Veldkamp, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 13(1): 74. 1989
Aulacolepis petelotii Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24(7): 291. 1934 (= Agrostis abnormis Munro ex Hook. f, Fl. Brit. India 7(22): 268. 1897[1896]; nom. inval., as syn. Deyeuxia abnormis Munro ex Hook. f.)
Agrostis petelotii (Hitchc.) Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 386–387. 1999
Calamagrostis petelotii (Hitchc.) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 11. 1999
Deyeuxia petelotii (Hitchc.) S.M. Phillips & W.L. Chen, Novon 13(3): 319. 2003
Aniselytron petelotii (Hitchc.) Soják, Cas. Nar. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148(3–4): 202. 1980
Neoaulacolepis petelotii (Hitchc.) Rauschert, Taxon 31(3): 561. 1982
Deyeuxia abnormis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896. Syntypes: Sikkim Himalaya: Lachong Valley, alt. 9000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. 5000–5500 ft.; *Griffith s.n. *
Agrostis continentalis Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7(5): 1297, pl. 40, f. 2. 1936
Anisachne gracilis Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(4): 117–118, f. 2. 1958
Deyeuxia borii Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 208. 1985 (“1983”), nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Nagaland fide Naithani (1990). See Paszko and Ma (2011) for discussion of Deyeuxia abnormis and its synonyms.
**365. Calamagrostis emodensis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 80. 1868 **
**Type. **India: Garhwal, alt. 9000–15400 ft., Sikkim, 6000–9000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**366. Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 34. 1788 **
Arundo epigejos L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae collibus aridis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 97.11 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 102. 1970.
Calamagrostis macrolepis Litv., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 2: 125. 1921. Type: Turkestania, Dominium Buchara, Schugnan District, Anderob Province; S. Korschinsky s.n.
Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth ssp. macrolepis (Litv.) Tzvelev
Calamagrostis gigantea Roshev., Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R*.* 30: 294. 1932, nom. illeg. hom., non Nutt., 1835. Type: Province Semiretschensk, distr. Lepsinsk in parties ad ripam lacus Alakul prope vicum Ksyl- agatch; July 10, 1928; N. Pavlov 671, based on Calamagrostis**epigeios var. gigantea Roshev.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Remarks. Records for Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal fide Naithani (1990).
**367. Calamagrostis gamblei Paszko, Polish Bot. J. 57: 327, 2012 **
**Type. **Uttarakhand prov., [Dehradun distr.], Jaunsar, Mundali, 7000 ft; Oct 1894, J.S. Gamble 25249 (K; IT: CAL).
Distribution. Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See discussion in Paszko (2012a).
**368. Calamagrostis garhwalensis C.E. Hubb. & Bor, Indian Forester 68(7): 355. 1942 **
**Type. **Himalaya, Kedarnath, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; October 19, 1938; *C.E. Hubbard & Bor 8945? *(DD).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records from Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**369. Calamagrostis holciformis Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 61. t. 340. 1851 **
Deyeuxia holciformis (Jaub. & Spach) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 398. 1960
Deyeuxia compacta Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 267. 1896. Type: Western Tibet; Jacquemont s.n. Nubra Valley, alt. 14000–16000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Kumaon, alt. 15000 ft.; R. Strachey& J.E. Winterbottom Deyeuxia no. 1
Calamagrostis compacta (Munro) Hack. ex Paulsen, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 167. 1903
Calamagrostis tianschanica Rupr., Sert. Tianschan. 34. 1869. Type: Not given.
Type. “In humidis altissimis Emodi Thibetani legit Jacquemont August auni 1830.” (P).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**370. Calamagrostis kashmiriana (Bor) Govaerts, World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1): 10. 1999 **
Deyeuxia kashmiriana Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 558. 1955
Deyeuxia hackelii Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 497. 1954, nom. later hom., non (Lillo ex Stuck.) Parodi, 1953. Type: India: Kashmir, Astor Valley, above Doian, alt. 10500- 11600 ft.; August 14, 1892; J.F. Duthie 12454 (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Perennial.
**371. Calamagrostis lahulensis G. Singh, Taxon 33(1): 94. 1984 **
Deyeuxia pulchella Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896. Type: Himalaya: Kumaon and Garhwal, alt. 10000–15000 ft., Sikkim, alt. 14000–16000 ft.; J.D. Hooker Deyeuxia no. 10
Calamagrostis pulchella Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 78. 1868, nom. illeg., non Saut. ex Rchb., 1830
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**372. Calamagrostis nagarum (Bor) G. Singh, Taxon 33(1): 94. 1984 **
Deyeuxia nagarum Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 69. 1938. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Japvo, alt. 9500 ft.; N.L. Bor s.n. (K).
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record from Nagaland fide Naithani (1990).
**373. Calamagrostis nivicola (Hook. f.) Hand.-Mazz., Symbolae Sinicae 7(5): 1299. 1936 **
Deyeuxia nivicola Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 267. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Momay, 15000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Deyeuxia no. 4
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**374. Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Haller f.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 106. 1802 var. **pseudophragmites
Arundo pseudophragmites Haller f., Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1, 2: 11. 1797. Type: “ubi vicina Saxifragae mutatae habitabat.”
Arundo littorea Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 212. t. 4. f. 2. 1806 (as “litorea”). Type: [Austria]: In arenosis litoralis austriaci litoribus. Wulfen s.n. [Austria]:et similibus locis in insulis Danubialibus; Flugge s.n.
Calamagrostis littorea (Schrad.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 15: 157. 1812
Calamagrostis laxa Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 25. t. 43. 1809. Type: “In arenosis, praecipue ad Danubii, aliorumque fluviorum ripas.”
Calamagrostis nepalensis Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 288
Calamagrostis onoei Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 598. 1879. Syntypes: Japan: in provincial Senano; Dr. Rein s.n. Sine loci indicatione e botanico japonensi Ono primum habuit; Dr. Savatier s.n.
Calamagrostis lanceolata sensu Aitch., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 107. 1880, non Roth, 1788
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**375. Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall.f.) Koeler ssp. tartarica (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 42. 1965 **
Calamagrostis littorea (Schrad.) P. Beauv. var. *tartarica *Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 261. 1896. Type: Western Tibet; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall.f.) Koeler var. tartarica (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 396. 1960
Calamagrostis hedinii Pilg., S. Tibet, Bot. 6(3): 93. 1922
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Russia].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**376. Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 79. 1868 var. **scabrescens
Deyeuxia scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 623. 1882
Calamagrostis filiformis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 79. 1868. Type: India: “’H. or Sikkim 11–12000’, H.[Hooker]: D[eyeuxia] nr. 3”
Deyeuxia filiformis (Griseb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Lachen Valley, alt. 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb. var. humilis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 79. 1868. Type: India: Sikkim, Lachen Valley, alt. 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Deyeuxia no. 2
Deyeuxia scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie var. humilis (Griseb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896
Deyeuxia scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 89, t. 39. 1889, non (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie, 1882, isonym
Type. India: Sikkim, Lachen Valley, 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**377. Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb. var. elatior Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 79. 1868 **
Deyeuxia elatior (Griseb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 266. 1896
**Type. **India: Khasia Hills, alt. 5000–5500 ft.; J.D. Hooker Deyuxia no. 9.
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**378. Calamagrostis simlensis (Bor) G. Singh, Taxon 33(1): 94. 1984 **
Deyeuxia simlensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 3: 149. 1941. Type: India: Simla; *D.M. Strong s.n. *(DD).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Himachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**379. Calamagrostis stoliczkae Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 262. 1896 **
Type. Western Tibet: Zanskar, on the Pensi-la, alt. 12000–15000 ft.; Stoliczka s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China]
Habit. Perennial.
**380. Calamagrostis tibetica (Bor) Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 86. 1968 **
Deyeuxia tibetica Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 66. 1949. Type: India: Sikkim, Chakalunga, alt. 16000 ft.; June 1. 1915; Rohmoo Lepcha s.n. (K).
Distribution. Sikkim [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Castellia Tineo, Pl. Rar. Sicil. 2: 17. 1846 **
**Type. **Castellia tuberculata Tineo.
**381. Castellia tuberculosa (Moris) Bor, Indian Forester 74(3): 90. 1948 **
Catapodium tuberculosum Moris, Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 481. 1841. Type: “Appartiene questa specie alla Sardegna occidentale, e vi fiorisce in April e in Maggio.” Italy: South Sardinia; Moris s.n.
Desmazeria tuberculosa (Moris) Batt. & Trab., Fl. Alger (Battandier & Trabut) 100. 1884
Festuca tuberculosa (Moris) Coss. & Durieu., Expl. Sci. Algerie 2: 189, t. 14. 1856
Micropyrum tuberculosum (Moris) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74(4): 567. 1949
Castellia tuberculata Tineo, Pl. Rar. Sicil. 2: 18. 1846. Type: “In arenosis vulcanicis. Linosa.”
Festuca tuberculata (Tineo) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 128. 1881, isonym, non (Moris) Coss. & Durieu., 1856
Distribution. India [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Localities within India not recorded.
**Catabrosa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. (Aira aquatica L.) LT. designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 245. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 47. 1920.
**382. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97, 149. t. 19. f. 8. 1812 var. **aquatica
Aira aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae pascuis aquosis.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 85.6 *(LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 84. 1988.
Colpodium aquaticum (L.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 395. 1830
Glyceria aquatica (L.) J. Presl. & C. Presl., Fl. Čech. 25. 1819
Poa airoides Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 194. 1802, nom. superfl & illeg. for Aira aquatica L.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**383. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. var. angusta Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 **
Type. Western Tibet, Lanak Pass, alt. 15000–16000 ft.; Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**384. Catabrosa sikkimensis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 **
Type. India: alpine Sikkim, alt. 17000 ft.; Gammie s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim.
Habit. Presumed perennial.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Dickoré (1995) treats this as a synonym of C. aquatica.
**Catabrosella (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50: 1320 (in obs.). 1965 **
Colpodium subg. Catabrosella Tzvelev, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 12, 1964.
**Type. **Catabrosella humilis (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev (Aira humilis M. Bieb.).
**385. Catabrosella himalaica (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 32. 1966 **
Phippsia himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 240. 1896. Type: Alpine Western Himalaya: Kumaon, Barji-Khang Pass, alt. 14500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Garhwal, Duder Glacier, alt. 13000–14000 ft.; Duthie s.n.
Catabrosa himalaica (Hook. f.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896
Colpodium himalaicum (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 529. 1960
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Colpodium trollii Pilg. was placed in Catabrosella himalaica by Alexeev (1988) with some doubt. However, the species was described as 3(4)-flowered, and as no lemma vestiture was mentioned, presumably the type (if it is extant) has glabrous lemmas, so it probably is not C. himalaica. This also casts doubt on the synonymy of Catabrosa trollii (Pilg.) R.R. Stewart. Neither name is included here.
**Catapodium Link, Hortus Berol. 1: 44 (“Catopodium”), 380. 1827 **
**Type. **Catapodium loliaceum (Huds.) Link (Poa loliacea Huds.).
**386. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubbard in Dony, Fl. Bedfordshire 437. 1953 **
Poa rigida L., Cent. Pl. I 5. 1755. Type: “Habitat in Gallia, Anglia.” Lectotype: “Gramen panicula multiplici” in Bauhin, Prodr. Theatri Bot. 6. 6. 1620. LT designated by Stace in Cafferty et al. (ed.) Taxon 49: 256. 2000.
Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin & Stace in Tutin et al., Fl. Eur. 5: 158. 1980.
Festuca rigida (L.) Kunth Révis. Gramin. 2: 392. 1831, non Roth, 1797
Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb., Sp. Fl. Rumel 2: 431. 1845
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Possibly naturalized; native to Europe.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Cyathopus Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: sub t. 2395. 1895 **
**Type. **Cyathopus sikkimensis Stapf.
**387. Cyathopus sikkimensis Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2395. 1895 **
Type. India: North Sikkim, Lachoong Valley in woods, alt. 11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Cynosurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753 **
**Lectotype. ***Cynosurus cristatus *L. (Designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 251. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 67. 1920).
**388. Cynosurus cristatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europa pratis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 91.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 41. 1993
Distribution. Meghalaya [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**389. Cynosurus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753 **
Phalona echinata (L.) Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg. 114. 1824 (“1823”)
Type. “Habitat in Europa australiori.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 913.62–79 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000.
Distribution. India [also in Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Possibly naturalized.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Specific states in India not recorded.
**Dactylis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Dactylis glomerata L. (“glomeratus”). (Designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed 2. 1: 251. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 67. 1920).
**390. Dactylis glomerata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753 (as “glomeratus”) **
Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 76. 1771
Festuca glomerata (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 252. 1785
Trachypoa vulgaris Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 359. 1901, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. “Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 90.3 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 43. 1970.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Deschampsia P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 91. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. (“caespitosa”) (Aira cespitosa L.). LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2., 1: 215. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 116. 1920.
**391. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 149, 160. 1812 (as “caespitosa”) **
Aira cespitosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 64–65. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae partis cultis & fertilibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 85.8 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 92. 1970.
Agrostis cespitosa (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 25. 1796
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**392. Deschampsia koelerioides Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 299. 1868 **
Type. “Eine ausgezeichnete neue Art, die in ihrer Tracht an eine Koeleria oder eine Hierochloe erinnert. Am Kok-djar im Thian-Shan bei 8000 Fuss Hohe vom H. v. Semenow auf Alpenwiesen gesammelt.” “cis- et Transsiliensibus”; 1857; P.P. Semenov-Tjan-Schansky 1197 (LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Festuca L., Sp. Pl. 1: 73. 1753 **
**Lectotype. ***Festuca ovina *L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2., 1: 269. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 28. 1920.
**393. Festuca alaica Drobow, Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 134, t. 17/5. 1916 **
Type. Turkestan: Fergana Prov., Skobelev District; Margelan s.n. “In pratis alpinis ad fl. Dugova, circa pag. Jordan, alt. 14000 ft. (Drobov 303).”
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**394. Festuca alatavica (St.-Yves) Roshev., Fl. URSS. 2: 528. 1934 **
Festuca rubra L. ssp. alatavica St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 393. 1928. Type: Turkestan: Chaine de l’Alatau, Kokoirak, aux sources du Kabir;* Brotherus no. 784* (B). Kokbulak, aux sources du Naryn; Brotherus s.n. (B).
Festuca altaica auct. non Trin., 1829: Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**395. Festuca altaica Trin., Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour]. 1: 109. 1829 **
Type. USSR: Siberia “In summa alpe ad fontem fl. Acjulac rarissima”; Bunge s.n.
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. States within India not recorded.
**396. Festuca asthenica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 354. 1896 **
Type. India: Kashmir, alt. 7000–9000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n., Duthie s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**397. Festuca bromoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753 **
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124. 1821
Type. “Habitat in Anglia, Gallia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356–219 (L). LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 436. 1985.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**398. Festuca coelestis (St.-Yves) Krecz. & Bobrov, Fl. URSS 2: 514. t. 50. f. 12. 1934 **
Festuca ovina L. ssp. coelestis St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 376. 1928. Type: Thian-schan Mount celestes, vallee de Djoukoutchiak, alt. 6300–7200 ft.; *Brocherel 392 *(Herb. Deless.) and many syntypes.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**399. Festuca cumminsii Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 349. 1896 **
Syntypes. India: Sikkim, alt. 11000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Bhutan; Cummins s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [Bhutan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**400. Festuca danthonii Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 551. 1901 **
Festuca ciliata Danthoine ex Lam. & DC. , 1805, Flore Française. Troisième Édition 3: 55. 1805, non. Gouan, 1762. Type. France: près Montepellier, et dans les îles sablonneuses de la Durance
Vulpia ciliata Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg. 100. 1824. Type: Yugoslavia: Dalmatiae arenosis, herbidis ad mare: copiosae in insula Vergada, Vaena.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**401. Festuca debilis (Stapf) E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 109. 1978 **
Festuca kashmiriana Stapf var. debilis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Lectotype: India: Kashmir, Lidder Valley, above Kainmul, alt. 11000–12000 ft.; July 21, 1893; J.F. Duthie 13139 (K). LT designated by E.B. Alexeev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 109. 1978.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**402. Festuca hartmannii (Markgr.-Dann.) E.B.Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 121. 1978 **
Festuca ovina L. var. hartmannii Markgr.-Dann., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 85(3): 376. 1966. Type: Karakorum Central: Baintha, alt. 12800 ft.; July, 1962; H. Hartmann s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**403. Festuca kashmiriana Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896 **
Festuca kashmiriana Stapf var. ligulata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, alt. 11000–13000 ft.; Duthie s.n.
Festuca rubra L. ssp. kashmiriana (Stapf) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 395. 1928
Type. Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 8000–14000 ft.; Royle s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**404. Festuca leptopogon Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 354. 1896 **
Festuca subulata Trin. var. leptopogon (Stapf) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 450–451. 1928
Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Khasia Hills, alt. 5000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson, C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**405. Festuca levingei Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 352. 1896 **
Type. India: Kashmir; *Levinge 27394 *(K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**406. Festuca lucida Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 355. 1896 **
Type. India: NW Himalaya, Jaunsar, Karambar Peak, alt. 9000 ft.; May 1, 1894; J.F. Duthie 14481 (LE).
**Distribution. **Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
**407. Festuca maritima L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753 **
Nardurus maritimus (L.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 4: 25. 1900
Vulpia unilateralis (L.) Stace, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 350. 1978
Agropyron unilaterale (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 102. 1812, alternative name to Brachypodium unilaterale
Brachypodium unilaterale (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 155. 1812, alternative name to Agropyron* unilaterale*
Nardurus unilateralis (L.) Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667. 1844
Triticum unilaterale L., Mant. Pl. 35. 1767. Type: “Habitat in maritimis Italiae, Galliae australis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.15 (LINN). LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 442. 1985
Festuca tenuifolia Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 345. 1806, non Sibth, 1794. Type: “In iftriae herbidis.”
Type. “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.17 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Proc. Linn. Soc. London 148: 110. 1936.
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [Asia: Saudi Arabia; Africa; Europe: Germany, Italy, Spain].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded.
**408. Festuca megalura Nutt., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 24. 1848; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia ser. 2, 1: 188. 1848 **
Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538. 1909
*Vulpia myuros var. megalura *(Nutt.) Auquier, Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 47(1–2): 123. 1977
Festuca commutata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 304. 1854. Type: “Chili, Hrbr Bertero nr. 274 et 1002 ex parte, mixta cum praecedente.”
Type. USA: California, Hab. Santa Barbara, Upper California; Wm. Gambel s.n. (PH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to western North and South America.
Habit. Annual.
**409. Festuca modesta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 316. 1854 **
Schedonorus modestus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 316. 1854, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Type. Nepal; Royle Herb. 161.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this taxon belongs to the broad-leaved lineage of Festuca s.l., and possibly should be transferred to Lolium.
**410. Festuca muralis Kunth, Syn. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 218. 1822 **
Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees, Linnaea 19: 694. 1847
Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Henrard, Blumea 2: 319. 1937
Type. “Crescit in muris, quibus horti circumsepti sunt, prope Conocoto Quitensium, alt. 1350 hex., Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.” Ecuador; F.W.H. Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.(P).
Distribution. India, presumably naturalized; native to South America.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded.
**411. Festuca myuros L., Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753 **
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel., Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1805
Zerna myuros Panz. ex Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 1249. 1895, pro syn.
Avena muralis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 22. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. “Habitat in Anglia, Italia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356–218 (L). LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 436. 1985.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**412. Festuca nandadevica Hajra, Indian J. Forest. 6(1): 79–80. f. 1. 1983 **
Type. India: Uttar Pradesh, Chamoli, Nandadevi National Park, Deodi-Ramani; P.K. Hajra 73285A (CAL).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**413. Festuca nitidula Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 350. 1896 **
Syntypes. Western Tibet, Nubra, alt. 12000–14000 ft.; Thomson s.n. India: North of Kumaon, alt. 15000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**414. Festuca octoflora Walter, Fl. Carol. 81. 1788 **
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538. 1909
Festuca tenella Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 419. 1797. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.”
Type. USA: South Carolina, Santee Valley; Walter s.n. (BM?). According to Hitchcock, this specimen is not at BM; see Lonard and Gould, Madroño 22: 221. 1974.
**Distribution. **Uttar Pradesh. Naturalized. Native to North America.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**415. Festuca ovina L., Sp. Pl. 1: 73–74. 1753 **
**Type. **“Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicae, Helvetiae, Scotiae.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.1; Lapland Herb. No. 55 (LINN). LT designated by Kerguélen in Lejeunia, n.s. 75: 150. 1975.
Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**416. Festuca pamirica Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 422. 1960 **
Festuca rubra L. ssp. schlagintweitii St.- Yves, Candollea 3: 389. 1928, p.p.
Type. Tadzhikistania, Pamir Boreali-occidentalis, in parties lapidosis in fontibus fluminis tachta-Korum prope trajectum Tachtakorum, alt. 13000 ft.; July 30, 1958; N. Tzvelev. 1008 (LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**417. Festuca parvigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 305. 1854 **
Type. “Ex Hrbo. Mus. Lugd. Batav. Japonia.”
Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Sikkim and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**418. Festuca polycolea Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 349. 1896 var. **polycolea
Festuca ovina L. ssp. polycolea (Stapf) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 373. 1928
Syntypes. Nepal; Wallich s.n. India: Sikkim, alt. 12000–16000 ft.; J.D. Hooker &c.
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**419. Festuca polycolea Stapf var. brevia Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 350. 1896 **
Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 11000–13000 ft.
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**420. Festuca rubra L., Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753 var. **rubra
Type. “Habitat in Europae sterilibus siccis.” Lectotype: Linnaeus s.n. (GB). LT designated by Jarvis et al. in Watsonia 16: 302. pl. 2B. 1987.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**421. Festuca rubra L. ssp. arctica (Hack.) Govor., Fl. Ural. 127. 1937 **
Festuca rubra f. arctica Hack., Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 138. 1882. Type not cited.
Festuca richardsonii Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 250, t. 230. 1840. Type: Arctic Sea-coast. Dr. Richardson s.n., s.d.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**422. Festuca rubra L. ssp. clarkei (Stapf) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 398. 1928 **
Festuca rubra L. var. *clarkei *Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 353. 1896. Syntypes: India: Kangara & Dalhousie, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Khasia Hills, alt. 4000–6000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Festuca rubra L. var. stapfiana St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 398. 1928
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya [Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990).
**423. Festuca rubra L. var. villosa Mert. & W.D.J. Koch, Deutschl. Fl. (Roehling), ed. 3. 1: 654. 1823 **
Type. [Europe], Not Spenner, 1825.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh. Also in Europe.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**424. Festuca sanjappae Chandra Sek. & S.K. Srivast., J. Jap. Bot. 80(2): 72–75. f. 1. 2005 **
Type. India: Himachal Pradesh, Pin Valley National Park, Chhohem, 12800–13100 ft.; K. Chandra Sekar 103271 (CAL).
**Distribution. **Himachal Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**425. Festuca simlensis (Stapf) E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 110. 1978 **
Festuca kashmiriana Stapf var. simlensis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Lectotype: India: Simla, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K). LT designated by E.B. Alexeev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 110. 1978.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**426. Festuca stapfii E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 115 1978 **
Festuca undata Stapf var. aristata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 11,000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**427. Festuca tibetica (Stapf) E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 118. 1978 **
Festuca valesiaca Schlecht. ex Gaudin var. tibetica Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 349. 1896. Lectotype: Tibet Orientalis, region alpine, alt. 14000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (K). LT designated by E.B. Alexeev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 118. 1978
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**428. Festuca undata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 350. 1896 **
Syntypes. India: Sikkim, alt. 12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n., Herb. Ind. Or.; J.D. Hooker & ThomsonBromusno. 16.
Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**429. Festuca valesiaca Schlecht. ex Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 242. 1811 var. **valesiaca
Festuca ovina L. var. valesiaca (Schlecht. ex Gaudin) W.D.J. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 812. 1837, isonym, non Festuca ovina L. var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 267. 1833.
Type. “Habitat in locis arenosis Valesiae. Circa Branson copiose Perennis.”
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**430. Festuca wallichiana E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 83(4): 120. 1978 **
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Helictochloa Romero Zarco, Candollea 66(1): 96. 2011 **
**Type.**Helictochloa bromoides (Gouan) Romero Zarco (Avena bromoides Gouan).
**431. Helictochloa pratensis (L.) Romero Zarco, Candollea 66(1): 103. 2011 **
Avena pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae pascuis siccis apricis.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 44.5 *(S). LT designated by Röser in Taxon 44: 397. 1995.
Avena alpina Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 335. 1811, non Honck., 1782? Type: “Discovered in 1807, on rocks upon the summits of the highest Mountains of Clova, Angusshire.”
Heuffelia pratensis (L.) Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 762. 1866
Helictotrichon pratense (L.) Pilg., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 6. 1938
Distribution. Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Dr. Romero Zarco (pers. comm.) speculates that this species could have been introduced into India as a pasture grass.
**Holcus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Holcus lanatus L. (typ. cons.).
**432. Holcus lanatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1048. 1753 **
Avena lanata (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 303. 1802
Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 126. 1912
Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T. Hubb., Rhodora 18: 234. 1916, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L.
Ginannia pubescens Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 321. 1901, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L.
Aira holcus-lanatus Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 87. 1787, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L.
Avena pallida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L.
Type. “Habitat in Europae pascuis arenosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.10 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 54. 1993.
Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**433. Holcus mollis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1305. 1759 **
Aira mollis (L.) Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 51. 1771
Avena mollis (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 300. 1802
Avena sylvatica Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illegit.
Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 322. 1901
Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 2(6): 304. 1915
Type. “Habitat [in Europa: in Hallandia. [sic] Osbeck.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1485. 1763.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.9 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 251. 2000.
Distribution. Meghalaya [also in Europe, North America]. Naturalized. Native to Europe.
Habit. Perennial.
**Hyalopoa (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50(9): 1320. 1965 **
Colpodium subg. Hyalopoa Tzvelev, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 6. 1964.
**Type. **H. pontica (Balansa) Tzvelev (Catabrosa pontica Balansa).
**434. Hyalopoa nutans (Stapf) E.B. Alexeev ex Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 423. 1982 **
Catabrosa nutans Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 312. 1896. Type: Alpine Himalaya: from Kashmir to Garhwal, alt. 10000–14000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n.
Colpodium nutans (Stapf) Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 54. 1970
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Koeleria Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805 **
**Lectotype.**Aira cristata L. Designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 107. 1920.
Notes. The generic limits of Koeleria, Trisetum and related genera have been the subject of much recent taxonomic work. See comments under Trisetum.
**435. Koeleria argentea Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 77. 1868 var. **argentea
Koeleria litvinowii ssp. argentea (Griseb.) S.M. Phillips & Z.L. Wu, Fl. China 22: 331 2006
Type. India: “T. Nubra, Ladak pr. Leh, Nari Khorsum.”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**436. Koeleria argentea Griseb. var. nepalensis Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 14(Heft. 65): 115. t. 7. f. 6. 1907 **
Type. “Herb. Schlaginweit from India and High Asia 1. Gen, Nro. Of Catal 4118 K. nepalensis Griseb. (Teste Grisebach) (1856).”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**437. Koeleria hookeri Barberá, Quintanar, Soreng, & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 4. 2019. Name changed to avoid confusion with Koeleria clarkeana Domin. **
Avena clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 278. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, at Laka and Badrawur, alt. 10000–11000 ft. Chamba, Dalhousie, alt. 8700 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Trisetum clarkei (Hook. f.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 431. 1945
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**438. Koeleria litvinowii Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 14(65): 116. 1907 **
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**439. Koeleria micans (Hook. f.) Barberá, Quintanar, Soreng, & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 5. 2019 **
Avena micans Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 279. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya: Garhwal, banks of the Ganges, alt. 8000–10000 ft.; Duthie s.n.
Trisetum micans (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 448. 1960. Type: Teri Garhwal, alt. 8600- 9600 ft.; J.F. Duthie 46
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**440. Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 84, 166, 175. 1812 **
Poa pyramidata Lam., Tabl. Encycl 1: 183. 1791
Koeleria cristata Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. illeg. superfl.; [Persoon included Lamarck’s older name as a variety (K. cristata var. pyramidata (Lam.) Pers.) within his new Koeleria cristata Pers. (non. L.; often erroneously cited as K. cristata (L.) Pers.)]
Aira cristata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753, p.p. Type: “Habitat in Angliae, Galliae, Helvetiae siccioribus.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 913.62–99 (L). LT designated by Humphries in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000. Epitype: France. Jura, Bas-Bugey, Montagny de Ste Claire sur Brioguier, 400–500 m; 3 Jun 1929; Briquet 6737 (BM). Epitype designated by Humphries, C.J. in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000.
Airochloa cristata (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 127. 1827
Dactylis cristata (L.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 67. 1808
Festuca cristata (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 93. 1787, non L. (1753)
Poa nitida Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 182. 1791. Type: France: “Ex Galliae siccis & montosis Leer S.T. 5. f. 6.”
Aira gracilis Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 144. 1820
Airochloa gracilis Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 276. 1833
Koeleria gracilis Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Koeleria cristata Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 345. 1824
Aira macrantha Ledeb., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 5: 515–516. 1812. Type: “Hab. in jugo montium jablonnoi-Chrebet.”
Koeleria cristata auct. non (L.) Pers., 1805: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 308. 1896
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that according to the Linnaean typification website, the current name for Aira cristata L. is Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 2: 345. 1824. Koeleria cristata might not be made on the basis of Aira cristata. Koeleria cristata is treated as a synonym of Koeleria macrantha in the Flora of Pakistan, and according to Quintanar Koeleria macrantha is a taxonomic synonym of K. pyramidata. There is no morphological discontinuity among these taxa. Thus, our distribution information and synonymy reflect the merging of these taxa, with the understanding that (as above), Koeleria cristata might not really belong here. See also comments in IPNI (2020).
**441. Koeleria spicata (L.) Barberá & al. subsp. virescens (Regel) Barberá, A. Quintanar, Soreng & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 9. 2019 **
*Avena flavescens *L. var. *virescens *Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 299. 1868
Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. virescens (Regel) Tzvelev, Novosti Sistematiki Vysshchikh Rastenii 7: 65. 1971. 1970
Aira spicata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753 [applies to ssp. spicatum] Type: “Habitat in Lapponiae alpibus.” Lectotype = “Gramen Avenaceum paniculatum Alp. humile, locustis in spicam collectis varicoloribus aristatis” in Scheuchzer, Agrostographia Helv. Prodr., 24, t. 6, 1708. LT designated by Louis-Marie in Rhodora 30: 238. 1928.
Avena virescens (Regel) Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 635. 1880
Avena flavescens L. var. virescens Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 299. 1868. Type: “Tschilik und Djenischke. Wasserscheide im Altau transiliensis, auf Alpenwiesen bei 8000 fuss Hohe (Semenow).”
Trisetum pubiflorum Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 187. 1902. Type: India: Kashmir, Sangam Valley, in rupibus, circ. 13500 ft.; Duthie 13543
Trisetum subspicatum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 88, 180. 1812, Basionym is nom. superfl.
Trisetum virescens (Regel) B. Fedtsch., Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14 (Suppl. 2): 64. 1915, non Nees ex Steud., 1854
Aira subspicata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 873. 1759, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Avena airoides Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 298. 1802 non Avena spicata L., 1753
Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. himalaicum Hulten, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 53: 213. 1959, nom. inval., type not indicated (many specimens cited, none indicated as type)
Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. himalaicum Hulten ex Veldkamp, The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 36(1): 135. 1983. Holotype, as lectotype: Nepal: Chilime Kharka, 4570 m, July 1949, Polunin 1175 (S; IT: BM).
Koeleria spicata subsp. himalaica (Hultén ex Veldkamp) Barberá, A. Quintanar, Soreng & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 8. 2019
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Because Trisetum spicatum ssp. himalaicum, ssp. spicatum and ssp. virescens may be lumped together in the literature, it is not clear if all subspecies are in India and, if so, what their ranges are.
**Lagurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 **
**Type. **Lagurus ovatus L.
**442. Lagurus ovatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Italia, Gallia, Sicilia, Lusitania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 96.1 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1788. 1985.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Lamarckia Moench, Methodus (Moench) 201. 1794 (“Lamarkia”), nom. et orth. cons. **
**Type. **Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench (Cynosurus aureus L.).
**443. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 201. 1794 **
Cynosurus aureus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 73. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 91.19 *(LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000.
Achyrodes aureum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 758. 1891
Chrysurus aureus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 296. 1824 (“1825”), non (L.) Besser, 1810 c. f. Taxon 31(1): 70. 1982, Isonym
Chrysurus cynosuroides Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 80. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. for *C. aureus *
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Leucopoa Griseb. in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4(13): 383 1852 **
**Type.**Leucopoa sibirica Griseb. (Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Krecz. & Bobrov).
**444. Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Krecz. & Bobrov, Fl. URSS 2: 495. 1934 **
Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 387. 1830, non Festuca albida Lowe, 1831. Lectotype: [Siberia]: Lk. Baikal, mineral springs Turkinskije; 1829; Turczaninow s.n. (LE). LT orig. label: “In arenosis ad Baicalem prope thermes Turkenses.” (vide TROPICOS)
Leucopoa sibirica Griseb. in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4(13): 383. 1852, nom. superfl. for Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin.
Festuca sibirica Hack. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 626. 1884, nom. nov. for Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin.
Distribution. Reported from Jammu and Kashmir, but probably not in India [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. See comments under Leucopoa olgae.
Habit. Perennial.
**445. Leucopoa karatavica (Bunge) Krecz. & Bobrov, Fl. URSS 2: 496. t. 39. f. 2 (a–f). 1934 **
Poa karatavica Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 525. 1851. Type: “Hab. Auf den Alpen des Karatau 12 Septbr. 1841 (specima duo deflorata sine fructu)”; Alexandrio Lehmann s.n.
Festuca karatavica (Bunge) B. Fedtsch., Rastitel’n. Turkestana 136. 1915
Xanthochloa karatavica (Bunge) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 91(2): 275. 2006.
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [also in Russia].
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**446. Leucopoa olgae (Regel) Krecz. & Bobrov, Flora URSS 2: 495. 1934 **
Molinia olgae Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7(2): 625. 1881. Type: “In Kokaniae montibus Alai”; O. Fedtschenko s.n.
Festuca olgae (Regel) Krivot., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 56. 1960
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Although Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Krecz. & Bobrov has been reported from India this is most likely an error, confusing L. albida with L. olgae. See Dickoré (1995).
**Lolium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Lolium perenne L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 281. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 103. 1920.
**447. Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., Novon 3(3): 241. 1993 **
Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 57. 1771. Type: “In prato acclivi hinter dem Biniz, loco humido” Lectotype: Scheuzer, Agrostographia, t. 5. f. 18. 1719. LT designated by Reveal, Terrell, Wiersema & Scholz in Taxon 40: 136. 1991.
Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 141. 1789
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [native to Europe].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear where this is naturalized there or not.
**448. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh., Novon 3(3): 241. 1993 **
Bromus giganteus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77–78. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae sylvis siccis.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 913.62–78 (L). LT designated by Darbyshire in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000.
Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 110. 1787
Zerna gigantea (L.) Panz. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 1(4): 1249. 1895
Trisetum flaccidum (Hack. ex Hook. f.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 431. 1945
Avena flaccida Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 280. 1896. Type: India: Punjab, Black Mountains, alt. 8000–9000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 7609.
**Distribution. **Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks.Bor (1960, p. 448) notes that Trisetum flaccidum is a species of Festuca, possibly F. gigantea. This species is now Lolium giganteum.
**449. Lolium perenne L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 **
Lolium brasilianum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 443. 1829. Type: Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow s.n. (B).
Type. “Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fertili.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 99.1 *(LINN). LT designated by Terrell in Taxon. Revis. Genus Lolium 7. 1968.
Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**450. Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 66. 1854 **
Lolium rigidum Gaudin var. duthiei Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 364. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, Sirinagur, alt. 5000–6000 ft.; Duthie no. 10846
Type. Iran: “Hab. in uliginosis montis Elbrus prope Derbend; June 9, 1943; Kotschy 278.” (G).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**451. Lolium remotum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 382. 1789 var. **remotum
Type. Germany: Bavaria, “um Burghausen”, type not known according to Terrell (1968).
Distribution. Northwest India [Afghanistan, China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded.
**452. Lolium remotum Schrank var. aristatum (Doell) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876. 1864 **
Lolium linicolum A. Braun var. aristatum Doell, Fl. Baden [Doell] 1: 113. 1857. Type: Herbarium Doell
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**453. Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 334–335. 1811 **
Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz., Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28(1–2): 32. 1914
Rottboellia loliacea Bory & Chaub., Exp. Sci. Moree Bot. 3: 46. t. 3. f. 2. 1832
Type. “Augustae Praetoriae ad vias apricas anno 1809 inveni.” Gaudin s.n. (LAU).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**454. Lolium temulentum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 var. **temulentum
Type. “Habitat in Europae agris inter Hordeum, Linum.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 113 (UPS). LT designated by Loos & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 108: 408. 1992.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**455. Lolium temulentum L. var. arvense (With.) Lilj., Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 3 80. 1816 **
Lolium arvense With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 168. 1796. Type: United Kingdom and cited many syntypes.
Distribution. Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [also in Europe].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Himachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**Milium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Milium effusum L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 173. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 156. 1920.
**456. Milium effusum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753 **
Melica effusa (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 20. 1796
Miliarium effusum (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 204. 1794
Paspalum effusum (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 301. 1825
Type. “Habitat in Europae nemoribus umbrosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 83.3 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 66. 1993.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Paracolpodium (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50: 1320. 1965 **
Colpodium subg. Paracolpodium Tzvelev, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 9. 1964.
**Type. **Paracolpodium altaicum (Trin.) Tzvelev (Colpodium altaicum Trin.).
**457. Paracolpodium altaicum (Trin.) Tzvelev ssp. leucolepis (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 33. 1966 **
Colpodium leucolepis Nevski, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 43: 224. 1934. Type: Tajikistan: Pamir, Fontes fl. Aksu (Murgab), in declivitate NW faucium Beik, in herbosis; July 18, 1901; Th. Alexeenko 2120 (LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [also in Tajikistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**458. Paracolpodium wallichii (Hook. f. ex Stapf) E.B. Alexeev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 94. 1981 **
Colpodium wallichii (Hook. f. ex Stapf) Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 270. 1953
Catabrosa wallichii Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 312. 1896. Syntypes: Nepal; 1821; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8907. India: Sikkim, Kankola Pass, alt. 14000–15000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Parapholis C.E. Hubb., Blumea Suppl. 3: 14. 1946 **
**Lectotype. ***Parapholis incurva *(L.) C.E. Hubb. **(***Aegilops incurva *L.) Probably designated by A. Chase, Misc. Publ. U.S.D.A. 200: 997. 1950.
**459. Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb., Blumea, Suppl. 3: 14. 1946 **
Aegilops incurva L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1051. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Oriente. Tournefort.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1218.11 (LINN). LT designated by Cuccuini in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 242. 2000.
Lepturus incurvus (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 123. t. 8. 1820 (as “incurvatus”)
Pholiurus incurvus (L.) Hitch., Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 106. 1920 (as “incurvatus”)
Distribution. Northwest India [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded.
**Phalaris L., Sp. Pl. 54. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Phalaris canariensis L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 252. 1918.
**460. Phalaris aquatica L., Cent. Pl. I. 4. 1755 **
Phalaris tuberosa L., Mant. Pl. Altera 557. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Europae australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.3 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 43. 1961.
Type. “Habitat in Aegypto & ad Tyberia.” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 78.4 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 43. 1961.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**461. Phalaris arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753 **
*Digraphis arundinacea *(L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 127. 1820
Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert, Feddes Repert. 79: 409. 1969
Typhoides arundinacea (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 202. 1794
Arundo colorata Aiton, Hortus. Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 116. 1789. Type: Britain
Calamagrostis variegata With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 124. 1796
Arundo riparia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. “Habitat in Europae subhumidis adripas lacuum.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.7 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 37. 1961.
Distribution. Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**462. Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753 **
Phalaris avicularis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 17. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. “Habitat in Europa australi, Canariis.” Proposed Conserved Type: Herb. Clifford: 23, Phalaris 1 (BM-000557659). Type designated by Baldini & Jarvis in Taxon 40: 482. 1991.
Distribution. India [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized, native to Mediterranean region.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded.
**463. Phalaris minor Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 8. 1783 var. **minor
Lectotype. LINN 89/31.1962. LT designated by R.M. Baldini in Webbia 47(1): 22. 1993.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**464. Phalaris minor Retz. var. nepalensis (Trin.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 616. 1960 **
Phalaris nepalensis Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(7): t. 80. 1827. Type: “Figura as specimen nepalense.” Lectotype: Trinius, Sp. Gram. Icon. t. 80. 1827. LT designated by Baldini in Webbia 49(2): 279. 1995.
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**465. Phalaris paradoxa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1665. 1763 **
Type. “Habitat in Oriente. P. Forskåhl.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.6 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 22. 1961.
Distribution. Northwest India [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded.
**Phippsia (Trin.) R. Br., Chlor. Melvill. 27. 1823 **
Vilfa subg. Phippsia Trin. in K.P.J. Sprengel, Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 37. 1820 (as “Phipsia”)
**Type. **Phippsia algida (Sol.) R. Br. (Agrostis algida Sol.).
**466. Phippsia algida (Sol.) R. Br., Chlor. Melvill. 27. 1823 **
Agrostis algida Sol., Voy. North Pole 200. 1774. Type: Arctic: “voyage toward the North Pole.” [syntype (BM): Capt. Phipps, Spitsbergen]
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [also in Europe, North America].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng comments that it is doubtful that this species actually occurs in India.
**Phleum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Phleum pratense L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 190. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 140. 1920.
**467. Phleum alpinum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 **
Phleum commutatum Gaudin, Alpina 3: 4. 1808. Type: “Auf den hoheren Alpen im Wallis… z.b. auf den Bernhard und auf den Alpen des Visperthals. Ludw. Thomas, Schleicher.” European Alps, alt. 6400–13000 ft.
Type. “Habitat in Alpibus.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 81.4 *(LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 43: 286. 1965.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**468. Phleum himalaicum Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 293. 1921 **
Phleum arenarium L. var. thomsonii Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 83. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis, 6000–8000 ft.; Thomson s.n.
Phleum arenarium sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 237. 1896, non L., 1753
Syntypes. Afghanistan; Griffith s.n. Northwest Himalaya; Thomson s.n. Kashmir; Meebold s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**469. Phleum paniculatum Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 23. 1762 **
Phleum asperum Jacq., Collectanea [Jacquin] 1: 110. 1786. Type: “Gramen hoc quibusdam in Europe provincis sponte obvium.”
Type. “Habitat in partes infra King’s Waston prope Bristolium.”
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**470. Phleum pratense L. var. pratense, Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europae versuris & pratis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 26 (LAPP). LT designated by Humphries in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 75. 1993.
Distribution. Assam [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**471. Phleum pratense L. var. nodosum (L.) Arcang., Compend. Fl. Ital. 757. 1882 **
Phleum nodosum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10:871. 1759.
Distribution. Nagaland.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear if this species is naturalized in India.
**Poa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Poa pratensis L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 252. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 41. 1920.
**472. Poa aitchisonii Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 602. 1884 (as “aitchisoni”) **
Type. Afghanistan; Kurum Valley; Aitchinson 405, 497.
Distribution. Northwest India [Afghanistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**473. Poa alpina L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.2 (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000.
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**474. Poa annua L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europa ad vias.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.17, right specimen (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Native to Eurasia and weedy elsewhere around the world.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**475. Poa arnoldii Melderis, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 142. 1978. **
Poa albertii ssp. arnoldii (Melderis) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 308. 2006.
Poa mustangensis Rajbh., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 39(1–3): 61. 1988. Type: Nepal: Mustang Distr., 4900 m, in open place, 25 July 1983; Rajbhandari 8352 (TI, KATH)
Type. Nepal: west, 5 mi NE of Saipal, scree, 5600 m, 25 Aug. 1954, J.E.M. Arnold 226 (BM).
Distribution. Uttarakhand [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Specimen records for Uttarakhand listed by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). Zhu et al. (2006) place this as a subspecies of P. albertii and also consider P. mustangensis as a synonym.
**476. Poa asperifolia Bor, Kew Bull.1952: 130. 1952 **
Type. China: Tibet, Pembu La, 10–15 miles north from Lhasa; September, 1904; *H.J. Walton s.n. *(K).
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Sikkim fide Naithani (1990).
**477. Poa attenuata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 527. 1835 **
Type. Russia: Siberia, Altai Mountain, “in montosis ad fontem fluvii”; July, 1833; D. Bunge s.n. (LE-TRIN-2584.01, Isotype).
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Olonova (pers. comm.) doubts that this species, at least in its strict sense, occurs in India.
**478. Poa bactriana Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 93. 1923 **
Poa bactriana Roshev. ssp. glabriflora (Roshev. ex Ovcz.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 96. 1973
Poa bulbosa var. glabriflora Roshev. ex Ovcz., Fl. Turkmen. 1(2): 143. 1932 Lectotype: N. Desyatova [N. Dessinatoff 1398]; 25 Jun 1913; [Tadjikistan]: Iter ad distr. Margelan, Alai valley, Valley of Dara Rv., from Izmail burial ground to Aran-Kungei winter quarters, soft hillocks (LE). ILT: LE.
Lectotype. V. Lipsky; ; Turkmenistan: Gissar Range southern slope, Pyanjkhan, 7800 ft (LE; ILT: K-969/64, LE) LT cited by Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR 450 (1976).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng has investigated the lectotypification of P. bulbosa var. glabriflora. He notes that Tzvelev (Zlaki SSSR p 450, 1976), cited the Desyatova specimen as the holotype of P. glabriflora Roshev. ex Ovcz., and therefore he (Soreng) takes this to be the lectotype. Roshevits did not cite any material. OM: S. Nevski 464; 27 Jun 1931; [Uzbekistan] Turkomania orientalis: In regione subalpina montium Kuhitang supra pagum Chodsha-i-fil (K-67, K-68) K-67 was annotated as P. glabriflora by Roshevits in 1931, but this specimen keys to P. bactriana subsp. drobovi in Tzvelev (1976); fide RJS 2004.
**479. Poa bucharica Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 94. 1923 ssp. **bucharica
Type. LT: V. Lipskii; 2 Aug 1896; Afghanistan: Bukhara, southern slope of Gissar range, upper reaches of Sio River, 10000 ft (LE; ILT: K). LT: cited by Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR p. 462 (1976).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**480. Poa bucharica Roshev. ssp. karateginensis (Roshev. ex Ovcz.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 11: 28. 1974 **
Poa karateginensis Roshev. ex Ovcz., Izv. Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1(1): 12, 26. 1933. Type: Tajikistan: Buchara, Nusratabadskij Range, Karategin, Karashibet glacier, 3000 m, 3–15 Aug 1896, V. Lipski. HT: LE; IT: K, LE
Poa suruana H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(6): 516–519. f. 1. 1984. Type: India: Karakorum, Skardu, Suru, Sanmodagsa (Gulmatungo) 12500 ft.; August 27; 1976; H. Hartmann 2873 (G).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**481. Poa bulbosa L. var. vivipara Koeler, Descr. Gram. 189. 1802 **
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. 785. 1882
Paneion bulbosum var. viviparum (Koeler) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 222. 1915
Poa bulbosa L. forma vivipara (Koeler) Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 3: 86. 1855
Type. Prope Moguntiam [Mainz, Germany] in arenosis.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that possibly all collections in India are more or less viviparous, and doubts that any representatives of P. bulbosa var. bulbosa occur there. Bor (1960, p. 556) also indicates “almost invariably found as var. vivipara”.
**482. Poa burmanica Bor, Kew Bull. 3: 141. 1948. **
Type. Myanmar: Kachin State, Myitkyina Distr., Hpimaw Pass, 11,000 ft, 6 Aug. 1929, Sukoe**10074 (K).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Specimen records for India listed by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). This species is also accepted by Zhu et al. (2006) in the Flora of China.
**483. Poa calliopsis Litw. ex Ovcz., Izv. Tadzhik. Bazy Bot. 1: 11, 18. 1933 **
Lectotype. Th. Alexeenko 3023/1451; 26 July 1901; Tajikistan: Pamir in angustiis ad fauces Chargosch. N. versus in pratis, 4300–5500 m (LE) LT designated (as holotype) by Roshevits, Fl. SSSR 2: 755 (1934).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**484. Poa compressa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europae & Americae septentrionalis siccis. muris, tectis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.41 (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**485. Poa diaphora Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 69–70. 1836 **
Poa persica var. diaphora (Trin.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner 2: 437. 1900
Aira altaica Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 526. 1835
Eremopoa altaica (Trin.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 431. t. 32. f. 13. 1934
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**486. Poa diaphora Trin. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Soreng, Cabi & L.J. Gillespie, PhytoKeys 111: 85. 2018. **
Glyceria songarica Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey., Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 1. 1841. Type: Kazakhstan: “ad fl. Karatai versus montes Karatau”; June 13, 1840; H. Schrenk s.n. (LE).
Poa songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 611. 1884 (as “soongarica”)
Eremopoa songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 431. t. 32. f. 11. 1937 (as “soongorica”)
Poa persica Trin. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker)
Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 532. 1960
Eremopoa altaica (Trin.) Roshev. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey..) Tzvelev, Poaceae URSS 479. 1976
Eremopoa**altaica subsp. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Tzvelev, Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 51(8): 1104. 1966
Nephelochloa songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 367. 1852 (as “soongorica”)
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng places P. songarica as a variety of P. diaphora.
**487. Poa dzongicola Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(2): 283, f. 1M-P. 2000 **
Poa yakiangensis L. Liou, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405. 2002
Type. HT: I.W.J. Sinclair & D. G. Long 5396; 28 Sep 1984; Bhutan: Upper Mo Chu District, Lingshi Dzong, 27°55', 89°27', on wall of dzong, ca. 4100m (E).
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**488. Poa eleanorae Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 142. 1948 **
Type. H.A. Cummins; “Laid in” 13 Jun 1894; India: Northeast Sikkim. K000789631.
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960), and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**489. Poa falconeri Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 342. 1896 **
**Syntypes.**Falconer; 10 Aug. 1870–1871; Garwahl, 12–13000 ft (K000789637; IST: K000789636) [Jumnotri to Kasauli, Uttar Pradesh to Himachal Pradesh]; Duthie 288; 16 Aug. 1983; India: Uttar Pradesh: Tihri-Garwhal, in Nila Valley 12–13,000 ft (K000789635).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**490. Poa gamblei Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 144. 1948 **
Type. India: Madras, Nilgiris Distr. Ootacamund, 7000 ft, Sep 1886, J.S. Gamble 18129 (K000789628).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960).
**491. Poa gammieana Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 345. 1896 **
Type. India: Sikkim, Tankra Mountains, alt. 12000 ft.; August 5, 1892; G.A. Gammie 641 (HT: (K000789632).
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960), and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**492. Poa garhwalensis D.C. Nautiyal & R.D. Gaur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 96(2): 285. 1999. **
Type. Jammu-Kashmir: NW Himalaya, Leptal, 4000m, 4 Aug 1996; D.C. Nautiyal (GUH-13501A).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
**493. Poa glauca Vahl, Fl. Dan. 6(17): 3, pl. 964. 1790. **
Poa araratica s. auct., non Trautv.
Poa sterilis M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 62. 1808. Type: “Habitat in tauriae collibus apricis sterilibus [Crimea].” (LE).
Type. “Legi tantummodo in paroecia Vang (Valders) ad pedes montium, in Finmarkia non frequens.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the specialist in this group of Poa (sect. Stenopoa), M.V. Olonova, now considers P. araratica to be a taxonomic synonym of Poa glauca Vahl. but probably does not extend to India. The Cenral Asian plants may be better treated as Poa glauciculmis Ovcz. More research is needed. Certainly the taxonomy of this section is complex; see (Zhu et al. 2006). Poa glauca is circumboreal and also occurs in S America. Poa sterilis was accepted as a separate species by Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006), but now is considered a synonym of P. glauca s.l. or possibly P. nemoraliformis and almost certainly does not occur in India.
**494. Poa harae Rajbh., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 39(1–3): 55. 1988 **
Type. Nepal: Sagarmantha Zone, Solukhumbu Distr., Denikharka (Dambuk) – Yurigolcha, 4600m, on grassy slope, 23 Aug 1985; Rajbhandari 61665 (TI, KATH).
Distribution. Uttarakhand [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Not listed for China by Zhu et al. (2006).
**495. Poa himalayana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 256. 1854 **
Poa stewartiana Bor, Kew Bull.1951: 185. 1951. Type: India: Jaunsar District, Mandali, 6400 ft.; May 5, 1897; J.F. Duthie 19777 (K).
Type. Nepal, Lectotype: India: Uttar Pradesh, Mussooree, Shalma; Royle 163 on 187/163 (LIV-12514). LT designated by Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(2): 289. 2000.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan, Nepal, Tibet, China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that *Poa himalayana *sensu Bor is Poa rajbhandari; see Noltie (2000). Poa stewartiana Bor is Poa himalayana.
**496. Poa hirtiglumis Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 343–344. 1896 **
Type. India: Sikkim: Donkaih Pass, alt. 18000 ft.; September 9, 1849; *Herb. Ind. Or. J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. *(K).
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**497. Poa hylobates Bor, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 7: 132. 1965 **
Type. Nepal: near Tarakoti, Bheri River, 10500 ft, grassy clearings in mixed forest, 13 July 1952; Polunin, Sykes & Williams 2445 (K, BM).
Distribution. Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. This species is also reported for China by Zhu et al. (2006).
**498. Poa infirma Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 158 (ed. qto.). 1816 **
Catabrosa thomsonii Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 (as “thomsoni”). Type: China: Xizang, Nubra Valley, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; T. Thomson s.n.
Poa annua L. ssp. exilis Tomm. ex Freyn, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 27: 469. 1878 (“1877”). Type: Langs der Kust von Fasana bis Medolino; auch auf S. Marina; 1872; Tommasini s.n.
Poa exilis (Tomm. ex Freyn) Murb., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 389. 1900
Poa remotiflora (Hack.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 36(2): 22. 1900, non Rupr., 1845.
Poa annua L. forma remotiflora Hack., Flore de l’Algérie 2: 206. 1895. (Fl. Algérie). Type: Algeria: Lieux humides et region Montagneuse, Rouiba, Teniet-el-Haad.
Type. Colombia; August, 1801; Humboldt & Bonpland 134 (P). “Crescit in frigidis regni Novogranatensis, inter Fonibon, Suba et Santa Fe de Bogota, 1360 hexap.”
Distribution. Bilaspur, Uttarakhand. [Introduced. Widespread in Europé and North America].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**499. Poa kanaii Rajbh., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 39(1–3): 58. 1988 **
**Type. **Nepal: Mustang Distr., Thourungse, 4600 m, in open place, 25 Jul 1983; Rajbhandari 8356 (TI, KATH).
**Distribution. **Uttarakhand [Nepal].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Not listed for China by Zhu et al. (2006).
**500. Poa khasiana Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 343. 1896 **
Lectotype. Designated by Bor, Bombay Natur. Hist. Soc. J. 50: 831 (1952), without indication of herb. As in the protolog, this was originally det as “P. himalayana Nees”. Stapf’s figures pinned on illustrate the LT, K000789598.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See also Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) for additional discussion of this species.
**501. Poa koelzii Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 139–140. 1948 **
Poa albertii Regel ssp. kunlunensis (N.R. Cui) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Flora of China 22: 308. 2006
Poa festucoides Lam. ssp. kunluensis N.R. Cui, Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 7(2): 97, f. 8. 1987, nom. hom. illeg.
Type. India: Kashmir, Tsakzhun Tso, Ladak, alt. 15000 ft.; July 20, 1931; Walter Koelz 2385 (holotype: K000789620).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See discussion in Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**502. Poa lahulensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 138. 1948 **
Poa albertii Regel ssp. lahulensis (Bor) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 309. 2006
Type. Kashmir: Lingti, Lahul, alt. 12000 ft.; June 29, 1941; N.L. Bor 15024 (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India confirmed by M. Olonova. Specimens for Uttarakhand cited by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**503. Poa lhasaensis Bor, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 132. 1965 **
Poa jaunsarensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948. Type: India: Kumaon, Kutti Yangti Valley, Byans, 12000–13000 ft.; July 30, 1886; J.F. Duthie 6224 (K000789644).
Type. China: Xizang: Lhasa, 10000 ft,, Sep 1904 Collector and Number: Walton s.n. (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Uttar Pradesh and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Poa jaunsarensis was accepted as Poa lhasaensis Bor by Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006), but this is considered tentative.
**504. Poa litvinoviana Ovcz., Izv. Tadzhik. Bazy Bot. 1: 22. 1933 **
Poa glauca Vahl ssp. litwinowiana (Ovcz.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 32. 1974. Type: USSR, Tadzhikistan; Tajikistan: Pamiro-Alaj, Tian Shan, distr. Matscha, inter rupibus in montibus Zeravschanicis pr. glaciem zeravschanicum, 4500–4700 m, 16 July 1927, *Drobov 354 *(LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**505. **Poa mairei **Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(333–335): 387. 1913 **
Poa pseudo-pratensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 340. 1896, non Beyer, 1891 nec Scribn. & Rydb., 1896. Syntypes: Nepal; Wallich s.n. Sikkim and Western Bhutan, alt. 10000–12000 ft.; *J.D. Hooker s.n. *Sine loc; Cummins s.n.
*Poa patens *Keng ex Keng f., Acta Botanica Yunnanica 4(3): 276–277. 1982. Type: China: Yunnan:, Yulong Shan, eastern slopes of mount Dyinaloko, northern peak of Likang Snow Range, 1923, J.F. Rock 10427 (HT: US-1214301)
Poa ludens R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 420. 1945, nom. nov. for Poa pseudo-pratensis Hook. f.
Type. China; Yunnan, pr. Tong-Tchouan, 1910, R.P. Maire 6992, ser. B (HT: W).
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**506. Poa nemoraliformis Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 11: 30. 1949. **
Syntypes. India, Himachal Pradesh, Bor. or Poa relaxa Ovcz., Izv. Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1(1): 20, f. 2. 1933. Type: Tajikistan: western Zeravshan range, near Marguzarsky Lake, stony screes along NW slope of Mun-Kua Mt., 2900 m, 20 Aug. 1932. P. Ovchinnikov & A. Slobodov 1257.
Distribution. West Himalaya [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**507. Poa nemoralis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753 **
Type. “Habitat in Europa ad radices montium umbrosas.” Lectotype = “Gramen paniculatum angusti-folium Alpin. Locustis rarioribus et angustioribus non aristatis” in Scheuchzer, Agrostographia Helv. Prodr., 18. t. 2. 1708. LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000. Epitype: Sweden. Uppland: Danmark Parish, Linnés Hammarby; June 14, 1933; Hylander s.n. (BM). Epitype designated by Soreng, R. & Edmondson, J. in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**508. Poa nepalensis (Wall. ex Griseb.) Wall. ex Duthie, List Grasses N.W. India 40. 1883 var. **nepalensis
Poa annua L. var. nepalensis Wall. ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 75. 1868. Lectotype: Strachey & Winterbottom 13, India orientali: Kumaon, Binsar, 2300 m (K; ILT: BM)
Poa nephelophila Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 140. 1948
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the lectotype of P. annua var. nepalensis was designated by Bor (1952) without indication of herbarium. The K specimen was cited as the holotype by Cope (1982) and by Rajbhandari (1991). Lectotype here designated (refined), K000789542 = p.p. “a”, by R.J. Soreng per annotation 2010 on specimen. (p.p. “b”, is *Poa setulosa *Bor.) The placement of P. nephelophila in synonymy here follows Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**509. Poa nitide-spiculata Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 139. 1948 **
Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, Valley running into Teesta from West, Tangu, alt. 13500–14000 ft.; July 13, 1903; F.E. Younghusband s.n. (K000789633).
Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Sikkim and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**510. Poa pagophila Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 38. 1970 **
Poa pagophila Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 239. 1949, nom. inval., without Latin. Type: Sikkim: Yeumtang, 4600 m, 6 Sept. 1849, *Hooker f. s.n. *(HT: K000789639; IT: GOET-006888)
Poa flexuosa sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 342. 1896, non Sm., 1800, nec Wahlb., 1814
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Bor’s 1949 publication of P. pagophila was invalid, lacking a Latin description. Bor cited only the English description of P. flexuosa sensu Stapf. The Latin description was provided by Bor (1970), p. 38. Stapf clearly attributed P. flexuosa to Wahlberg.
**511. Poa palustris L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 874. 1759 **
Poa serotina Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. (Ehrhart) 6: 83. 1791, nom. nud.; Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Fl. Germ. 1: 299. 1806. Type: Upsaliae
**Type. **“Habitat [in Helvetiae, Italiae paludibus.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 99. 1762.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.21 (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 256. 2000.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Introduced; native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Habit. Perennial.
**512. Poa persica Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 373. 1830 var. **persica
Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 430. t. 32. f. 8. 1934
Festuca persica (Trin.) C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 410. 1848
Nephelochloa persica (Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 366–367. 1852
Poa heptantha (C. Koch) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 255. 1854
Festuca heptantha C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 410. 1848. Type: “Im Hochgebirge, auf sumpfigen Wiesen, auf Urgestein, 5500 ft.” (B).
Festuca polygama C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 409. 1848. Type: “aus dem Wilhelm’schen herbar als.” Caucasus?; Wilhelms s.n. (B).
Lectotype. “V. ssp. Pers.” [Caucasus; Azerbaijan]: in collibus ad Akar-Tschai prob, Karabagh; May 27, 1829; Szowits 246 (LE). LT designated by Tzvelev in Zlaki SSSR. 479. 1976.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. See also Gillespie et al. (2018). Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**513. Poa polycolea Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 342. 1896 **
Poa chalarantha Keng ex L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 390 2002. Type: K.L. Chu 7012, China: Sichuan: Yulinkun, ad declivitatem saxosam umbrosam, 1 April 1940 (NAS).
*Poa gilgitica *Dickoré, Stapfia 39: 169 1995. Type: India: Karakorum: Gilgit, Shinghai Gah - Pahot Gali 35°48'–55'N, 74°10'–17'E, Picea smithiana forest on NW-facing slope, veg. rec. 37, 3100m; 26 Jul 1990, *G. & S. Miehe 796 *(HT: K; IT: GOET).
*Poa lithophila *Keng ex L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 397, 2002. Type: China: Sichuan: Dêgê [ca 31.8°N 98.6°E], alt. 2800–4300 m, Y.W. Tsui 4413 (HT: N).
*Poa maerkangica *L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 399, 2002. Type: China: Sichuan: Maerkang, in locis gramineis declivitatis, 2800 m, 11 May 1959, Li Xin 70629 (HT herbarium unknown).
Poa triglumis Keng ex L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 404, 2002. Type: 10 Jun 1937; Sichuan: Mu-ii, Wa-chin, bank of mt. stream, 2800m, FIB Yunnan exp. T.T. Yu 6032 (HT: NAS (not found 2001 or 2004); IT: KUN-388592, KUN-388590, PE-308548)
**Lectotype.**J.D. Hooker & Thomson, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. 15, West Himalaya: Kashmire, Valley north of Chamba, 3–3500 m (K000789594; ILT; BM) LT designated by Bor B.N.H.S.J. 50: 835 (1952), without indication of herb.
Syntype. India: Kumaon, Dugli, alt. 10500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom 11 (as P. serotina) (K; IST: BM).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**514. Poa polyneuron Bor, Kew Bull.1952: 223. 1952 **
Type. India: Sikkim, Natu La, 12800 ft.; June 23, 1945; N.L. Bor & Kiratram 20685 (K000789638).
Distribution. Sikkim [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**515. Poa poophagorum Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948 (as “poiphagorum”) **
Poa albertii Regel ssp. poophagorum (Bor) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 308. 2006
Type. India: Sikkim, Temu La, alt. 16000 ft.; 1912; Rohmoo Lepcha 374 (K).
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
Habit. Not reported.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species was recognized at the subspecific level by Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006) as P. albertii ssp. poophagorum, but more recently has been accepted as a species.
**516. Poa pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67–68. 1753 ssp. pratensis, nom. cons. **
Type. “Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.” Conserved Type: Russia. Prov. Sanct-Petersburg, 5 km australi-occidentem versus a st. viae ferr. Mga, pratulum ad ripam dextram fl. Mga, 26 Jun 1997, Tzvelev N-257 (BM-000576302). Type designated by Soreng & Barrie in Taxon 48: 157. 1999.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is widely seeded for lawns and pastures in cool temperate regions. It is presumably naturalized in India.
**517. Poa pratensis L. ssp. alpigena (Lindm.) Hiitonen, Suom. Kasvio 205. 1933 **
Poa alpigena Lindm., Svensk Fanerogamflora 91. 1918. Based on “P. pratensis var. alpigena” Fr. ex Blytt, nom. illeg. superfl. for “P. pratensis var. iantha” Laest.
Poa pratensis L. var. alpigena Fr. ex Blytt, Norg. Flora 130. 1861. Type: “P. prat. Alpigena Fries Herbar. Norm. Fasc. 9.n. 93.1.p. prat. Alpestris Fries Summa Veget. P. 76. P. Prat. δ. Iantha Blytt l.c.”
*Poa pratensis *L. var. iantha Laest., Kongl[iga]. Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar 1822: 329. 1822
Poa poophagorum Bor var. lanata Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948. Type: China: Tibet, Rongshar Valley, alt. 12000 ft.; Hingston s.n. (K).
Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal (in Naithani as ssp. staintonii)].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).alpina
**518. Poa pratensis L. ssp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 214. 1811 **
Poa angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.12, excl. second culm from left (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000.
Poa pratensis L. var. angustifolia (L.) Sm., Fl. Brit. 105. 1800
Distribution. India [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Naturalized and possibly native; native to Europe and west and central Asia.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this name is widely misapplied to Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis; it could be in India, but the identifications should be checked.
**519. Poa pratensis L. ssp. irrigata Lindb., Schedae Plantae Findlandiae Exsiccatae 2: 20. 1916 **
Poa irrigata Lindm., Botaniska Notiser 1905: 88, f. 1. 1905. (Bot. Not.), nom. incorrect as applied by the author, taxonomically superfl.; Poa rigens Hartm. 1820 cited as fo. within, see Art. 52 and 52.3. Isotypes: Ehrhart; Scandinavia: Upsaliae (LE) equals P. humilis Ehrh., nom. nud., P. humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Ehrhart spec. B; 1 Oct 1893; Scandinavia: Upsala (LE)
Poa subcaerulea Sm., Engl. Bot. 14: t. 1004. 1802. Type: England: Anglesea (on the Mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland); *Rev. H. Davies s.n. *
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Naturalized; native to Eurasia.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this is a common lawn grass and sometimes pasture grass, and is widely seeded. This is the currently accepted name for Poa humilis, and for Poa subcaerulea as when treated as subspecies of Poa**pratensis L.
**520. Poa pratensis L. ssp. pruinosa (Korotky) Dickoré, Stapfia 39: 173. 1995 **
Poa pruinosa Korotky, Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 13: 291. 1914. (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.) Type: M. Korotky et al. s.n.; 4 Jul 1912; Russia, Transbaical district, Regio lacorum Eravinensis, pr. p. Konstantinowka, pr. ripam fl. Choloj et lacos Brarun-Charga and Syntyr, in arenosis (Lectotype: LE) LT cited in Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR 459 (1976).
Poa markgrafii H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(2): 514. f. 2. 1984. Type: India: Karakorum, Suru, Chellong Nalla, W Panikhar, 12000 ft.; H. Hartmann 2380 (G).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**521. Poa pseudamoena Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 276. 1953 **
Poa amoena Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 140. 1949, nom. later hom., non (Presl) Kunth, 1833. Type: India: Kumaon; R. Strachey 26/2 (K000789626).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial.
Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990), and for Uttarakhand fide Nautiyal and Gaur (2017).
**522. Poa rajbhandarii Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(2): 288–289, f. 2M-P. 2000 **
Type. Sikkim: Phedang to Tsoka, S of Dzongri, 27°26'N, 88°10'E, 3500 m, 26 July 1992, Edinburgh Expedition to Sikkim and Darjeeling (ESIK) 748 (E00393984).
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks.***Poa himalayana *sensu Bor is *Poa rajbhandari *(see Noltie 2000). Taxonomic editor Soreng also notes that the situation is further confused by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) accepting P. stewartiana.
**523. Poa royleana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 256. 1854 **
Type. 187/140; Mussooree (LIV (12941-I and 12941-II)[upper culm and base mounted separately] (photo K-969/176)).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. This species is sometimes placed as a synonym of Poa annua, but taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Poa royleana Nees ex Steud. is not at all like P. annua. It is a robust perennial, and a very odd one at that; it is apparently very rare. See also Rajbhandari and Edmondson (1990). Regarding the type specimen Soreng observes that the K-969/176 photo shows that both parts I and II were originally mounted on one sheet belonging to Merseyside County Museums Herbarium LIVCM 1952-121-128H with the 187/140 Poa royleana - Mussooree tag and the Poa**Royleana N. ab. E.-- tag. The spikelets are shaped like Glyceria striata; the lemmas are (5)7-(9)veined, glabrous; the rachilla is round, smooth, glabrous; the lodicules have stiff hairs at the apex; the paleas are peculiar -- flanges appressed hispidulous, keels densely hispidulous, and between keels densely hispidulous; the caryopsis is glabrous, with a short round to ovate hilum; sheaths mostly closed ca. 1/2 the length.
**524. Poa setulosa Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 142. 1948 **
Poa rhadina Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 138. 1948. Type: Tehri-Garwahal, Jaulea bah, Srikanta, alt. 12000–13000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 265 (K000789593).
Type. India: Lower Kunawar; August 15, 1847; T. Thomson s.n. (K000789592).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) separate P. rhadina from P. setulosa, and cite localities in Uttarakhand. Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006) place P. rhadina in synonymy as done here.
**525. Poa sikkimensis (Stapf) Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 130. 1952 **
Poa annua L. var. sikkimensis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 346. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, Wallanchoon [Walungchung], 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K000808543). LT (called type) designated by N.L. Bor in Kew Bull. 1952: 130. 1952. (Accepted as Holotype by Rajbhandhari (1991), and as lectotype by Soreng annotation 2010).
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Bor annotated a different specimen as type in 1947 (K000808542), but later published the Wallanchoon specimen as the Type (Bor 1952). The latter was accepted as the holotype by Rajbhandhari (1991), and by Soreng in annotation.
**526. Poa sinaica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 256. 1854 **
Isotypes. In cacuminae montis St. Catharinae Arab.; May 19, 1835; Schimper Unio itiner. 326 (BM, K, S).
Distribution. India (West Himalaya) [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species apparently reaches to Pakistan, it is mostly viviparous over much of its range, especially eastward, and is thus difficult to separate from Poa bulbosa subsp. vivipara. It has more elongated bulbs at the base of shoots, and longer ligules than P. bulbosa.
**527. Poa stapfiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 239. 1949 **
Poa tremula Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 344. 1896, non Lam., 1791. Syntypes: Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8000–15000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n. to Garhwal; Duthie s.n. Western Tibet, Ladakh; Thomson s.n., Schlagintweit s.n.
Poa stapfiana Bor var. micranthera (Stapf) Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 50: 827. 1952
Poa tremula Stapf var. micranthera Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 345. 1896. Syntypes: India: Kashmir, Palgam, 12000–13000 ft.; September 4, 1876; C.B. Clarke s.n., Duthie s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng observes that there are no worthy varieties here; all is one species. However, the Jacquemont collection, listed as a syntype of P. tremula is actually P. hirtiglumis. The lectotype designated by Rajbhandari (1991) is rejected for P. tremula, as it was only cited by Stapf as syntype of the var. micranthera.
**528. Poa supina Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 289. 1806 **
Poa variegata Haller f., Cat. Pl. Helv. 38. 1800, nom. illeg., non Lam., 1791
Poa ustulata S.E. Fröhner, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 88: 437. 1968. (Bot. Jahrb. Syst.). Type: Russia: Siberia: Pamiro-Alaj mountains, Alajica valley, Tengiz-bai pass, alpine swales, slope toward Darant-Kurgan, 23 June 1931, S. Lipschitz 122 (HT: MW; IT: LE)
Poa supina Schrad. ssp. ustulata (S.E. Fröhner) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Botaniska Notiser 128(4): 498. 1975[1976]. (Bot. Not.)
Type. In summis alpibus Salisburgensibus; Mielichhofer s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) document specimen for Uttarakhand.
**529. Poa szechuensis Rendle, J. Bot. 46: 173. 1908 var. **szechuensis
Poa gracillima Rendle, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 36(254): 424–425. 1904, nom. illeg. hom., non Vasey 1893. Type: China; Sichuan, Emei Shan, Faber 1185 (HT: K000789505)
Poa tibeticola Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 139. 1948. Type: China: Tibet, Khambajong; September 7, 1903; *F.E. Younghusband s.n. *(K000789482).
Poa chumbiensis Noltie, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57(2): 282, f. 1I–L. 2000. Type: China: Xizang: Chumbi Valley, Yatung, 10000 ft, 18 April 1945, Bor & Kirat Ram 20148 (K)
Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).
**530. Poa szechuensis Rendle var. rossbergiana (K.S. Hao) Soreng & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 295. 2006 **
Poa rossbergiana K. S. Hao, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68(5): 581. 1938. Type: China; Qinghai, in der Nähe des Klosters Ta-schiu-sze, 4200 m, im Ja-he-mari-Gebirge, westlich von Tsi-gi-gan-ba, 9 Sep 1930, K.S. Hao 1197 (IT: NAS)
Poa rohmooana Noltie, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57(2): 281–282, f. 1E–H. 2000. (Edinburgh J. Bot.). Type: Sikkim: Chugya, 15000 ft, 12 Nov. 1912, Rohmoo Lepcha 284 (HT: E)
Distribution. Sikkim [China].
Habit. Annual.
**531. Poa trivialis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753 ssp. **trivialis
Type. “Habitat in Europae pascuis.” Neotype: Hudson 16, Herb. Linn. No. 87.9 (LINN). Neotype designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 256. 2000.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**532. Poa trivialis L. var. glabra Döll, Rhein. Fl. 92. 1843. **
Type. Not found.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Bor (1952, 1960) recognized this species, and Tzvelev (1983) says it is sometimes recognized. It has smoother sheaths than the typical variety.
**533. Poa wardiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948 **
Type. India: Assam, Balipara Frontier Tract, Poshing La, 10000–12000 ft.; July 21, 1938; F. Kingdon-Ward 13990 (K000789597, ex DD).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Polypogon Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 66. 1798 (“1800”) **
**Type. **Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (as “monspeliense”) (*Alopecurus monspeliensis *L.).
**534. Polypogon fugax Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 184. 1854 **
Polypogon higegaweri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 422. 1854. Type: Japonica
Polypogon littoralis Sm. var. higegaweri (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 246. 1896
Type. Nepal.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**535. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 67. 1798 var. **monspeliensis
Alopecurus monspeliensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753. Type: “Habitat Monspelii.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 82.6 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000.
Phleum monspeliense (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 57. 1802
Santia monspeliensis (L.) Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 73. 1845
Agrostis alopecuroides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 160. 1791. Type: “Ex Gallia & Europa australi.”
Phleum crinitum Schreb., Beschr. Graes. 1: 151. 1768
Polypogon flavescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 234. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Peruvia.” Peru; *Haenke s.n. *(PR)
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**536. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. var. indicus Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 208. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) **
Type. India: Punjab, Ferozepore; S.l. s.n. (CAL).
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Punjab fide Naithani (1990).
**537. Polypogon nilgiricus Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Nord. J. Bot. 25(1–2): 9, fig. 1. 2008 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, Manjakambai, alt. 3000 ft.; March 3, 2004; K. Althaf Ahamed Kabeer 117749 (CAL).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**538. Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110 (Sess. Extraord. 89): 56. 1966 (“1963”) **
Agrostis viridis Gouan, Hortus Monsp. 546. 1762. Type: France “Habitat au mont Saint Loup. Cum agrost. Ventricosa Altitudo prioris.” (P).
Agrostis semiverticillata (Forssk.) C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(3): 12. 1922
Phalaris semiverticillata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 17. 1775. Type: “Rofettae & Kahirae frequens, Aprile ineunre florens, Naaejm.”Egypt: Rosetta and Cairo; April, 1762; Forsskal 63 (C).
Agrostis verticillata Vill., Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 16. 1779. Type: France.
Polypogon littoralis Sm. var. muticus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 246. 1896. Type: India: Kunawur; Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Puccinellia Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 366. 1848, nom. cons. **
**Type. Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. (Poa distans Jacq.) (type cons.).
For additional information see Liu et al. (2006) and Dickoré (1995). Dickoré notes several poorly known taxa from Karakorum that are not mentioned here.
**539. Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 367. 1848 **
Poa distans Jacq., Observ. Bot. (Jacquin) 1: 42. 1764, Type: “Habitat in Austria. D. Jacquin.” Lectotype: Austria. “Poa distans. triandra digyn. Crescit in fossis aquosis et locis humidis per Austriam.” Herb. Jacquin fil. (W). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000.
Atropis distans (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 388. 1852
Glyceria distans (Jacq.) Wahlenb., Fl. Upsal. 36. 1820
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**540. Puccinellia glauca (Regel) V.I. Krecz., Flora URSS 2: 484, pl. 36, f. 19. 1934 **
Atropis distans var. glauca Regel, Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada 7(2): 623. 1881. (Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada). Type: P. Fedchenko s.n., 29 May 1869, Environs of Kalta-Kurgon, along the irrigation channel Narupai (LE)
Puccinellia distans Parl. ssp. glauca (Regel) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR 507. 1976
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**541. Puccinellia himalaica Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 66. 1955 **
Type. India: Kashmir, Soo Morari Peldo, Rupshu, alt. 12800 ft.; July 8, 1931; W. Koeltz 2216 (LE).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**542. Puccinellia ladakhensis (H. Hartmann) Dickoré, Stapfia 39: 182. 1995 **
Poa ladakhensis H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(2): 510. f. 1. 1984. Type: India: Kashmir, Stokphu, alt. 14500 ft.; H. Hartmann 2614 (G).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Perennial.
**543. Puccinellia minuta Bor, Nytt Mag. Bot., Oslo 1: 19, f. 8. 1952. **
Puccinellia kashmiriana Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 270–271. 1953. Type: India: Kashmir, Kamri Valley, near Kalapani, alt. 11200–12000 ft.; August 25, 1893; J.F. Duthie 12543 (K).
Type. Pakistan: Chitral distr.: Barum Gol, S. Barum Glacier, ca. 4500 m, 27 July 1950, P. Wendelbo s.n. (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Dickoré (1995) recognized P. minuta with P. kashmiriana Bor as a synonym, a structure that we follow here. Liu et al. (2006) recognize P. minuta but do not mention P. kashmiriana.
**544. Puccinellia stapfiana R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 418. 1945 **
Glyceria pooides Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 348. 1896 (as “poaeoides”), non Puccinellia pooides Keng, 1938. Type: China: Xizang, Rupchu, grassy plains at the head of Salt Lake; T. Thomson s.n., non Puccinellia pooides Keng, 1938
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**545. Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 78. 1910 **
Atropis tenuiflora Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4(13): 389. 1852. Type: Russia: Siberia, Transbaical; *Turczaninov s.n. *(LE).
Distribution. India (West Himalaya) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. States in India not recorded. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Liu et al. (2006) include Iran but not Pakistan in the distribution of this species.
**546. Puccinellia thomsonii (Stapf) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 418. 1945 (as “thomsoni”) **
Glyceria thomsonii Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 347. 1896. Type: China: Xizang, Rupchu above Pugha, alt. 15500 ft.; T. Thomson s.n.
Atropis thomsonii (Stapf) Pamp., Fl. Caracorum 77. 1930
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Rostraria Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 149. 1820 **
**Lectotype. **Rostraria pubescens Trin., nom. illeg. (Bromus dactyloides Roth) (designated by Pfeiffer, Nomenclat. Bot. 2: 991. 1874).
**547. Rostraria clarkeana (Domin) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 271. 1974 **
Koeleria clarkeana Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 14(Heft 65): 272. 1907. Type: India: Kashmir, Naosheva; 1876; C.B. Clarke 28155 (K).
Lophochloa clarkeana (Domin) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 445. 1960
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**548. Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 47. 1971 (“1970”) **
Festuca cristata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Lusitanae collibus sterilibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.24 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 167. 1988.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Annual.
**549. Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 48. 1971(“1970”) **
Avena pumila Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 103. 1798. Lectotype: Morocco; 1806; *Broussonet 296 *(LE). (Vide Henderson & Schäfer, Bot. J. Linn Soc. 141: 130. 2003.)
Lophochloa pumila (Desf.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 445. 1960. Type: Pakistan: Rawalpindi; R.R. Stewart 23443
Distribution. Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Sclerochloa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97, 177. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Sclerochloa dura (L.) P. Beauv. (Cynosurus durus L.). (vide Pfeiffer, Nomenclat. Bot. 2: 1103. 1874).
**550. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 98, 177. t. 19. f. 4. 1812 **
Cynosurus durus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype = “Gramen arvense, Polypodii panicula crassiore” in Barrelier, Pl. Galliam, 111, t. 50, 1714. LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 438. 1985.
Eleusine dura (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 203. 1791
Festuca dura (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 94. 1787
Poa dura (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 70. 1772. Type: “Habitat Tergesti, iuxta vias, in aridis.”
Sesleria dura (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 110. 1829
**Distribution. **Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Annual.
**Sibirotrisetum Barberá, Soreng, Romasch., A. Quintanar, & P.M. Peterson, J. Syst. Evol.: 8. 2019 **
**Type.**Sibirotrisetum sibiricum (Rupr.) Barberá.
**551. Sibirotrisetum aeneum (Hook. f.) Barberá, J. Syst. Evol.: 8. 2019. **
Avena aenea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 279. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya, alt. 11000–12000 ft., from Kashmir to Kumaon.
Trisetum aeneum (Hook. f.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 431. 1945
Trisetum aureum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 225. 1854, non Ten., 1820. Type: Nepal; Royle 44
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**552. Sibirotrisetum scitulum (Chrtek ex Barberá) Barberá, J. Syst. Evol. 2019 (doi: 10.1111/jse.12523)): 8. **
Trisetum scitulum Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 212. 1956. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Avena flavescens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 279. 1896, non L., 1753
Distribution. Uttarakhand, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**553. Sibirotrisetum sibiricum (Rupr.) Barberá subsp. sibiricum, J. Syst. Evol. 8. 2019. **
Trisetum sibiricum Rupr., Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 65. 1845
Trisetum sikkimense (Hook. f.) Chrtek, Acta Univ. Carol., Biol. 1966: 92. 1967 [page 1967: 104?]
Avena sikkimensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 280. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, Lachen and Lachoong Valleys, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Sikkim.
Habit. Perennial.
**Trisetaria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 27. 1775 **
**Type. **Trisetaria linearis Forssk.
**554. Trisetaria loeflingiana (L.) Paunero, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 9: 527. 1950 **
Avena loeflingiana L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Löfling s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 95.4, upper row of specimens (excl. specimen at bottom left) (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 247. 2000.
Lophochloa cavanillesii (Trin.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 445. 1960
Trisetaria cavanillesii (Trin.) Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 251. 1953
Trisetum cavanillesii Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 63. 1830 (1831)
Distribution. Northwest India [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. States in India not recorded. Taxonomic editor Soreng cites unpublished phylogenetic data suggesting that this species may be misplaced in Trisetaria.
**Trisetopsis Röser & A. Wölk, Schlechtendalia 25: 57. 2013 **
**Type.**Trisetopsis elongata (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Röser & A. Wölk (*Danthonia elongata *Hochst. ex A.Rich.).
Notes. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Trisetopsis Röser & A. Wölk (2013) and Tzveleviochloa Röser & A. Wölk (2017) were described to accommodate 28 and 3 species formerly treated as Helictotrichon. There is a confusing array of named species along the Himalayan front and extending into the Hengduan Shan of China, for which (in his opinion) there is no adequate taxonomic account. Helictotrichon schmidtii and H. polyneurum belong to this group, but there is no newer combination or synonymy for these two, although Röser may have placed them in synonymy of others. These are all species with lax leaves unlike Helictotrichon s.s. There are no species of Helictotrichon s.s. in India. See also discussions in Wölk and Röser (2013, 2014, 2017) and Wölk et al. (2015).
**555. Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 **
Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 372. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Newera Ellia and Other of the more elevated parts of the Island;* Munro Ceylon Plant 916*
Avenastrum asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Vierh. var. polyneuron (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1803. 1934
Avenastrum asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Vierh., Verh. Ges. Deutsch. Naturf. 85(2): 672. 1914
Helictotrichon asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 68. 1938
Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. roylei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277. 1896. Type: Kashmir to Nepal, alt. 6000–12000 ft.
Avena polyneura Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277–278. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri Hills, Dodabetta, alt. 8000 ft.; Gamble s.n.
Helictotrichon polyneurum (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 425. 1940
Helictotrichon roylei (Hook. f.) Keng, Clav. Gen. Sp. Gram. Prim. Sin. 200. 1957
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Note that Avena polyneura Hook. f. has never been formally transferred to Trisetopsis.
**556. Trisetopsis junghuhnii (Buse) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 **
Avena junghuhnii Buse, Pl. Jungh. 345. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java, Kedu, in planitie montis Dieng, ubi una cum Bromo insigni Buse prope pagum Parre kesit; *Junghuhn s.n. *(L).
Helictotrichon junghuhnii (Buse) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 425. 1940
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**557. Trisetopsis virescens (Nees) Röser & Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 **
Trisetum virescens Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 226. 1854. Type: India; Royle Herb. no. 137, 138
Helictotrichon virescens (Nees) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 425. 1940
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Trisetum Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805 **
Lectotype. Avena flavescens L. LT designated by Hitchcock, U.S.D.A. Bull. 772: 108. 1920.
Notes. Generic limits in Koeleria, Trisetum and related genera have been the subject of much recent work. See Barberá et al. (2017a, 2017b, 2018, 2019a, 2019b) and Peterson et al. (2019).
**558. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 88, 153, 180. 1812 **
Avena flavescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Germania, Anglia, Gallia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 913.7–458 (L). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 247. 2000.
Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 263. 1816
Rebentischia flavescens (L.) Opiz, Lotos 4: 104. 1854, nom. inval. pro syn. of Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv., 1812
Trisetum pratense Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Avena flavescens
Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim [also in Europe, North America, South America]. Widespread and native in Eurasia, but not in China.
Habit. Perennial.
**559. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. mongolicum Hultén ex Veldkamp, Gard. Bull. Singapore 36(1): 135. 1983 **
Trisetum mongolicum (Hultén ex Veldkamp) Peshkova, Fl. Centr. Sibir. 1: 97. 1979
Type. China: Xizang: Kuenlun, Ulan Bulak, 5 July 1894, Roborovsky s.n. (HT: S).
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Tzveleviochloa Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017. **
**Type.**Tzveleviochloa parviflora (Hook. f.) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017. (*Avena aspera *Munro ex Thwaites var. *parviflora *Hook. f.).
Notes. See comments under Trisetopsis, and also discussions in Wölk and Röser (2013, 2014, 2015, 2017).
**560. Tzveleviochloa parviflora (Hook. f.) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 **
Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. parviflora Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Singalela, alt. 11000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Helictotrichon parviflorum (Hook. f.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 445. 1952
Distribution. Sikkim.
Habit. Perennial.
**561. Tzveleviochloa schmidii (Hook. f.) E. A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212057-1
Helictotrichon schmidii (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 427. 1940
Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. schmidii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277. 1896. Syntypes: India: Nilghiri Hills; Schmid s.n. Ootacamund, alt. 7500–8000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Avenastrum asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Vierh. var. schmidii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1802. 1934
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng suggests placing Helictotrichon schmidii (Hook. f.) Henrard in Tzveleviochloa so the combination is made here.
Subfamily Aristidoideae Caro, 1982
Annuals or perennials, generally with slender leaves. The spikelets have one flower subtended by glumes that are generally longer than the flower, and may be cylindrical or laterally compressed. Lemmas are terete and generally leathery, bearing three awns; the latter condition is synapomorphic for the subfamily. Awns may be free or fused.
While plants in Aristidoideae appear similar to Stipeae, many morphological characters keep them out of the Pooideae (e.g., presence of mcirohairs, lack of an epiblast in the embryo, C4 photosynthesis in two of the genera (Kellogg 2015b; Kellogg and Campbell 1987)). Molecular data place the subfamily firmly in the PACMAD clade (Barker et al. 1995; Clark et al. 1995; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012). The position of the subfamily within PACMAD is unclear. While GPWG II (Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012) placed it sister to all the remaining PACMAD subfamilies (i.e. PCMAD), Cotton et al. (2015) place it sister to the clade comprised of Chloridoideeae+Danthonioideae+Arundinoideae+Micrairoideae. Teisher et al. (2017) and Saarela et al. (2018) find that placement of the clade is ambiguous, with nearly equal support for placement sister to PCMAD, sister to CMAD, or sister to Panicoideae.
The three genera of Aristidoideae are each monophyletic, with Sartidia sister to Stipagrostis and Aristida sister to the two together (Cerros Tlatilpa et al. 2011).
**Aristida L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 **
**Type. **Aristida adscensionis L.
**562. Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 **
Aristida divaricata J. Jacq., Ecl. Gram. Rar. 7. t. 6. 1813
Chaetaria adscensionis (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 151, 158. 1812 (as “ascensionis”)
Aristida adscensionis L. var. pumila (Decne.) Coss. & Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algerie 84. 1855
Aristida pumila Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 2, 4: 85. 1835. Type: “Hab. l’Hedjas” (P).
Aristida bromoides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 122 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in montanis regni Quitensis, Juxta Tambo de Guamote et Lianos de Tiocaxas, alt. 1600 hexap.” Ecuador: Chimborazo, Guamote; *Humboldt & Bonpland 3020 *(P).
Chaetaria bromoides (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 396. 1817
Aristida canariensis Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 99. 1809. Type: “Habitat in Canariis.” Canary Islands: Habitat in Teneriffe; Broussonet s.n.
*Aristida coarctata *Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 122 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in alto planitie Mexicana, inter Burras et Guanaxuato, alt. 1060 hexap.” Lectotype: Mexico: Guannajuato, between Burras and Guanaxuato; Humbold & Bonpland s.n. (P-Bonpl. (left-hand plant). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 542. 1924.
Aristida curvata Nees ex A. Rich. var. abyssinica A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montibus prope Tchelatchranne et in provincial Chire mense October (Schimper).”
Aristida debilis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg*.* 17: 151. 1921. Lectotype: Jamaica; *Macnab s.n. *(B; ILT: US-81060 (fragm. ex B)). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 543. 1924.
Aristida depressa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 22. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitantem invenit honor, Koening in fterilioribus Malabariae cum priori.” India, Malabariae; Koenig s.n. (S).
Aristida fasciculata Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1(1): 154–155. 1824. Type: “Habitat in the forests of the Canadian river.” USA: New Mexico, in forests of the Canadian river; 1819–1820; *James s.n. *(NY).
Chaetaria fasciculata (Torr.) Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. I 578. 1827
Aristida grisebachiana E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78. 1886. Lectotype: Mexico: Veracruz, Mirador; Schaffner 175 (pl. ed. Hohen. 175) pro parte (P). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 543. 1924.
Aristida heymannii Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 649. 1881 (as “heymanni”). Type: “In valle fluvii Iii in angustiis Koibin.”
Aristida interrupta Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 45. t. 471. f. 2. 1799. Type: “Habitat prope oppidium Chalma, Regni mexicani. Floret Augusto. Vidi siccam in laudato herbario.”
Aristida maritima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 137. 1854. Type: Guadeloupe: sabulosis aridis maritimis; 1852; E.P. de F. Duchassaing s.n. (P).
Aristida mauritiana Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad pagum Aitet, in provincial Medat, mense Martio (Schimper).” Lectotype: Mauritius:* Anonymous s.n.* [Insula franciae ex Museo Paris 1820] (B). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54(A): 338. 1927.
Aristida modatica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 139. 1854. Type: Provincia Modat Abyss.; Hochstetter herb. Abyss. un. it. nr. 1047
Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr. var. mongholica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 133. 1842. Type: “In arenosis et plnitiebus deserti totius Mongholiae mediae.”
Aristida nana (Trin. & Rupr.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 137. 1854
Aristida dispersa Trin. & Rupr. var. nana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 129. 1842. Type: Chile: Valparaiso, in declivibus apricis collium Quillota; Sepember, 1829; C.G. Bertero 994 (LE). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 542. 1924.
Aristida nigrescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 223. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Mexico” Mexico; 1836; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Aristida schaffneri E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78. 1886. Lectotype: Mexico: Veracruz, Orizaba; J.G. Schaffner 181(P). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 543. 1924.
Aristida teneriffae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 420. 1854. Type: Canary Islands: Teneriffe; Boivin 222.
Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 131. 1842. Type: Canary Islands, Teneriffe; *Broussonet s.n. *(B-W).
**Lectotype. **Herb. Linn. No. 98.1 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 541. 1924.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pantropical, nearly worldwide in tropic, subtropic and warm temperate regions].
Habit. Annual.
**563. Aristida cumingiana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 141. 1842 **
Aristida delicatula Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 393. 1850–1851. Syntypes: “Crescit in locis arenosis et graminosis prope Kouaieta, in provincial Chire (Quartin Dillon et Schimper).” Ethiopia; *Quartin Dillon s.n. *(P). Ethiopia: Schire; October 16, 1840; Schimper 1830 (P).
Aristida trichodes (Nees ex Lindl.) Walpers, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 3: 753. 1853
Chaetaria trichodes Nees ex Lindl., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc*.* 2: 101. 1850. Type: Insulae Philippinae; H. Cuming 671 (B).
Aristida capillacea sensu Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 43. t. 468. f. 1. 1799, non Lam., 1791.
Type. Philippine Islands: Luzon; H. Cuming 671 (LE).
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal.
Habit. Annual.
**564. Aristida cyanantha Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 141. 1854 **
Type. Nepal; Royle 64 (LE).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**565. Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 159. 1842. **
Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var. mallica (Edgew.) Henrard, Mon. Aristida 90. 1929
Aristida mallica Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot*.* 6: 209. 1862. Type: Multan, not cited.
Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var. royleana (Trin. & Rupr.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 227. 1896
Aristida royleana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 160. 1842. Type: India orientalis; 1836; Royle s.n. [Royle herb. Ind. Mont. (Nees herb.)] (LE-TRIN-1341.01).
Aristida macrathera A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 393. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in locis arenosis provinciae montosae Chire, mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon).” Ethiopia: Schire; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P).
Aristida kotschyi Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 142. 1854, pro. syn. nom. nud. Type: Sudan: Kordofan, Abu-Gerad; September 21, 1839; Kotschy 31(WAG).
Aristida stipacea Ehrenb. & Hempr. ex Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 159. 1842, nom. nud., cited as synonym of Aristida funiculata
Aristida funicularis Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 131. 1840, nom. nud.
Syntypes. Africa: Senegal, in sabulosis prope Walo; Leprieur s.n. Sudan: ad pagum Cordofanum Abu-Gerard locis demissis arenosis siccis; *Kotschy 34 *(LE). Sudan: in planitie arenosa Accabae; *Kotschy 98 *(LE). Arabia: prope Gidon; *Ehrenberg s.n. *(LE).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**566. Aristida hystricula Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 208. 1862 **
Type. India: Sindh and Multan; Stocks 187, p.p.
Distribution. Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**567. Aristida hystrix L.f., Suppl. Pl. 113. 1782 (“1781”) **
Chaetaria hystrix (L.f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 152, 158. 1812
Aristida rigescens Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 400. 1817. Type: India Orientalis; Heyne s.n.
Aristida rigida Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 42. 1821, non Cav., 1799. Type: “In collectione veneratiss, Benjamin Heyne innominata aderat.”
Type. “Habitat in Malabaria”; Koenig s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**568. Aristida mutabilis Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 150–151. 1842 **
Aristida articulata Edgew, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 209. 1862. Type: “The habit is that of rigescens (R.S., Steud. Gr. no. 100, p. 141).”
Aristida longeradiata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 140. 1854. Type: Senegal; 1830; Leprieur 92 (P).
Type. Africa: Sudan, “Cordofan, in arenae saxis graniticis delitescantibus formata”; Kotschy 103 (LE).
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Annual.
**569. Aristida redacta Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 85–86. 1892 **
Stipa aristoides Stapf ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 7: 358. 1893. Type: India: Deccan, Burdwan; Lisboa s.n.?
Type. India: “Bombay Presidency, Western Ghats, Eastern Chuttanagpur”, Deccan; May 1880; G.M. Woodrow 19=124(K (photo, US-1447177)). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54(B): 505. 1928.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Habit. Annual.
**570. **Aristida setacea **Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 22. 1786–1787 **
Chaetaria setacea (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 152, 158. 1812
Aristida quinqueseta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 420. 1855. Type: Insula Mauritii; Boivin s.n.
Aristida coerulescens sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 370. 1864, non Desf., 1798
Type. “In aridis sterilioribus Malabaricae cel. Koenig, unde sub nomine aristidae arundinaceae misit.” India: Malabaricae; *Koenig s.n. *(LD).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**571. Aristida stocksii (Hook. f.) Domin., Biblioth. Bot. 20 (Heft. 85): 338. 1915 **
Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var. stocksii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 227. 1896. Type: India: Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n. (K).
Distribution. Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**Stipagrostis Nees, Linnaea 7: 290. 1832 **
**Type. **Stipagrostis capensis Nees.
**572. Stipagrostis hirtigluma (Steud. ex Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 134. 1963 **
Aristida hirtigluma Steud. ex Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 171. 1842. Type: “In rupibus Wadi Hebran Arabiae petraeae m. April (Schimper Un. it. n. 165).” Lectotype: Schimper 165 (B). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 232. 1927.
Distribution. Rajasthan [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Native or naturalized?
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**573. Stipagrostis paradisea (Edgew.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135. 1963 **
Aristida paradisea Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 16: 1219. 1847. Type: “Aden” Arabia.
Distribution. Rajasthan [also in the Middle East, Africa]. Native or naturalized?
Habit. Perennial.
**574. Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl.)1: 40. 1860 **
Aristida plumosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: App. 1666. 1763. Type: “Habitat in America. D. Schreber.” Lectotype: Schreber, Herb. Linn. No. 98.6 (LINN). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54A: 451. 1927.
Distribution. Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**575. Stipagrostis pogonoptila (Jaub. & Spach) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135. 1963 **
Arthratherum pogonoptilum Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 56. 1851. Type: “Pentapotamide (collibus inter Jalalpur et Darapour).” India; April, 1831; Jacquemont s.n. (P).
Aristida pogonoptila (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 496. 1884
Distribution. Haryana, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Not reported.
Remarks. Records from Haryana and Punjab fide Naithani (1990).
**576. Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135. 1963 **
Aristida pungens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 109. t. 35. 1798. Type: “Habitat in arenas humidis prope Sfax et in deserto.”
Distribution. India [Africa]. Possibly naturalized; state localities not reported.
Habit. Perennial.
Subfamily Panicoideae A. Braun, 1864
Annuals or perennials, caespitose, rhizomatous, or stoloniferous, often with branched culms. Leaves, inflorescences, and spikelets variable. Lodicules 2, thick, fleshy. Caryopsis with a punctate hilum. Embryo with a scutellar cleft and with the embryonic leaf margins overlapping.
This large subfamily includes more than a quarter of the species in the family and in its current circumscription encompasses a broad range of variation. Much of this variability is due to the diverse morphology of the tribes Centotheceae, Chasmanthieae, and Tristachyideae, which have only recently been included as part of Panicoideae (Morrone et al. 2012; Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2010). In contrast, the core Panicoideae includes Paspaleae, Andropogoneae, and Paniceae; together this group has been recognized since the work of Robert Brown (1810; 1814). Members of the core all have two flowered spikelets which are dorsiventrally compressed. The distal flower is generally bisexual and the proximal one is either staminate or sterile. Disarticulation is below the glumes. All these spikelet characters appear to be synapomorphic for the clade comprising these three large tribes (Kellogg 2015b).
Taxonomic editor: Fernando Zuloaga for all except Andropogoneae
Incertae sedis:
**Dichaetaria Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 145. 1854 **
**Type. Dichaetariawightii Nees.
**577. Dichaetaria wightii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 145–146. 1854 **
Gymnopogon wightii (Nees) Koord., Exkurs.-Fl. Java 1: 152. 1911
Gymnopogon rigidus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 372. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Hotter and drier parts of the Island; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 914
Type. India; Wight Herb. no. 1035.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Centotheceae Ridl., 1907
Plants annual or perennial. Spikelets laterally compressed, with few to many flowers, the reduced flowers either proximal or distal to the fertile ones.
Members of this tribe have no obvious morphological features in common (Kellogg 2015b), but the group is strongly supported as monophyletic in molecular phylogenies (Burke et al. 2016; Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012; Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2007).
**Centotheca Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 189. 1810 (“Centosteca”), nom. & orth. cons. **
**Type. **Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. (Cenchrus lappaceus L.).
**578. Centotheca ganeshaiahiana M.V. Ramana, Chorghe, Prasanna, & Sanjappa, Nordic J. Bot. 32: 559. 2014. **
Type. India, north Andaman Islands Saddle Peak National Park. Open scrub forest (13°9'35.4"N, 93°11'09.3"E), 250–400 m a.s.l., 19 Feb 2011, M.V. Ramana 0078 (holotype: CAL, isotypes: BSID, PBL).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Habit. Annual.
**579. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris. 2: 189. 1810 var. **lappacea
Cenchrus lappaceus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1488. 1763. Type: “Habitat in India.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.15 (LINN). LT designated by Monod de Froideville in Blumea 19: 59. 1971.
Melica lappacea (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 443. 1825
Uniola lappacea (L.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 358. 1830
Centotheca latifolia Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 141. 1820, nom. superfl. & illeg. for *Cenchrus lappaceus *L.
Centotheca parviflora Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 560. 1864. Type: “Standort Auf feuchtem, sandigem und morastigem Wiesengrunde in Boror (und am Zambeze) in Marz.”
Festuca blepharophora Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 728. 1817. Type: India orientalis.
Holcus latifolius Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa 247. 1757. Type: China.
Torresia latifolia (Osbeck) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 515. 1817.
Melica diandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 329. 1820. Type: “A Native of Mountains on the Coromandel Coast.”
Melica refracta Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 329. 1820. Type: “Native of Moluccas and from thence introduced amongst other plants, into the Botanical Garden.”
Poa latifolia G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 8. 1786. Type: Society Islands; 1773 or 1774; Forster s.n.
Torresia biflora Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 515. 1817, nom. nud., pro syn. as “Torresiam biflorum”.
Panicum festuciforme Hochst. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 332. 1896, nom. nud.
Festuca ciliaris Heyne ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 728. 1817, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Festuca latifolia Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 75. 1821, non DC., 1813
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**580. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. var. longilamina (Ohwi) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 459. 1960 **
Centotheca longilamina Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 10. 1947. Type: Indonesia: Java, Pasir Kiara Djongkang in Res. Batavia; June 8, 1924; Bakhuizen van der Brink 3312 (BO).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Naithani), Assam, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record from Andaman and Nicobar Islands fide Naithani (1990). Reports from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are erroneous.
**Thysanolaena Nees, Edinburgh New. Philos. J. 18: 180. 1835 **
**Type. **Thysanolaena agrostis Nees, nom. illeg. (Agrostis maxima Roxb., Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze).
**581. Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 312. 1930 **
Melica latifolia Roxb. ex Hornem., Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 117. 1819. Type: Habitat in Ind, orient. C. intr. 1818. Neotype: J*.O. Voigt - s.n*. (C/BC:C-10017246) [vide tropicos].
Agrostis maxima Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 319. 1820. Type: A native of hedges, amongst the Mountains India, 1900–4000 ft.; W. Roxburgh s.n.
Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb. ex Hornem) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891.
Melica latifolia Roxb. ex Hornem, Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 117. 1819; Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 330. 1820. Type: “A native of the Garrow Hills, from thence it was brought to the Botanic Garden, by Mr. Robert Kyd.”
Myriachaeta glauca Moritzi ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 404. 1854. Type: Malaysia: Ins. Sümbaura; Hrbo. Zolling. Nr. 1769.
Panicum acariferum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 87. 1827.
Thysanolaena assamensis Gdger., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 303. 1919. Type: Assam, Lashai Lungleh; Gage 281.
Thysanolaena birmanica Gdger., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 303. 1919. Type: Birmania, ad Makhaye; King 73.
Thysanolaena sikkimensis Gdger., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 303. 1919. Type: Himalaya: Sikkim, Labdah;* Prian s.n., Ribu s.n.*
Thysanolaena agrostis Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 180. 1835, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Agrostis maxima Roxb.
Myriachaeta arundinacea Zoll. & Moritz, Syst. Verz. (Moritzi et al.) 101. 1846, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Myriachaeta glauca Moritzi ex Steud.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Chasmanthieae W.V. Br. & B.N. Smith ex Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark, 2010
Plants perennial, caespitose, rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Leaf blades broad, pseudopetiolate in some species. Spikelets laterally compressed, with one to many flowers. Stamens 1, 2, or 3.
Members of this tribe share no obvious morphological characters (Kellogg 2015b) but are supported as forming a clade in molecular phylogenies (Burke et al. 2016; Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2007; 2010).
**Lophatherum Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 49. 1831 (“1829”) **
**Type. **Lophatherum gracile Brongn.
**582. Lophatherum gracile Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 50, t. 8. 1831 var. **gracile
Acroelytrum japonicum Steud., Flora 29: 21. 1846. Type: “Ab omnibus Bambusaceis valvulis aristatis differt.”
Allelotheca urvillei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 117. 1854. Type: “Ex herbario Urville sine addito loco natali. An. N. Holl.”
Lophatherum annulatum Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 605. 1879. Type: not given
Lophatherum dubium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 300. 1854. Type: India; Wight Herb. no. 1090
Lophatherum geminatum Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 300. 1883. Type: Central Madagascar; *Baron 1061 *(K).
Lophatherum gracile Brongn. var. zeylanicum (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India ad Pakistan 460. 1960
Lophatherum zeylanicum Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 303. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 920. Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. Pasdum Korale; Gardner s.n.
Lophatherum humile Miq., Prolus. Fl. Japon. 170. 1867. Type: Japan: Prope Nagasaki; 1862; R. Oldham 948 (L). (vide Tropicos)
Lophatherum lehmannii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 300. 1854. Type: Nepal; Lehman s.n.
Lophatherum multiflorum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 300. 1854. Type: Java
Lophatherum pilosulum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 428. 1855. Type: Japan; I. Keiske s.n. (L).
Type. “Amboine, dans les Moluques.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Paspaleae J. Presl, 1830
Members of this tribe are morphologically disparate, with no obvious shared morphological character (Kellogg 2015b). Most species have a chromosome base number of *x *= 10 (Giussani et al. 2001).
**Axonopus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 12, 154. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. (Milium compressum Sw.). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 142. 1908; Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 129. 1911.
**583. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 154, 167. 1812 **
Milium compressum Sw., Prodr. (Swartz). 24. 1788. Type: Jamaica; Swartz s.n. India orientalis
Paspalum compressum (Sw.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 301. 1825
Paspalum platyculmum Thouars ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 24. 1829. Type: “Habitat in insula S. Mauritii.”
Paspalum depressum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 20. 1853. Type: USA: Louisiana; F.X. von Hartmann 51(P).
Paspalum filostachyum A. Rich. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 20. 1853. Type: West Indies; F.W. Sieber 365 (P).
Paspalum guadaloupense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 18. 1853. Type: Guadeloupe; Duchaissing s.n. (P).
Paspalum platicaulon Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 34. 1804 [as “platycaule” in IPNI]
Type: “Cette espece a été recueillie a Porto Ricco, par le citoyen Ledru.” Puerto Rico; A.P. Ledrú s.n. (P-LAM).
Anastrophus platycaulis (Poir.) Nash, Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 79, 1327. 1903
Digitaria platicaulis (Poir) Desv., Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 62. 1831
Panicum platicaulon (Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 363. 1898 (as “Platycaulon”)
Paspalum raunkiaerii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 60. 1917. Type: Antillarum insula St. Jan;* Raunkiaer 1313*
Paspalum tristachyon Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. Type: “Ex America merid. Communic. D. Richard.” South America; L.C.M. Richard s.n. (P-LAM).
Paspalum laticulmum Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 245. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Paspalum tristachyon.
Agrostis compressa (Sw.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 259. 1810, non Axonopus compressa Willd., 1790
Digitaria domingensis Desv. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 49. 1833, non Roem. & Schult., 1817
Anastrophus compressus sensu Schltr. ex Döll., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 102. 1877, non Schltdl., 1850
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**584. **Axonopus fissifolius **(Raddi) Kuhlm., Comiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 67(11): 87. 1922 **
*Paspalum fissifolium *Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 26. 1823 (as ‘‘Paspalus fissifolius’’). Type: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, s.d., G. Raddi s.n. (holotype, PI; isotypes, BM 678791, FI, FI fragm. in BAA 313, G, PI fragm. in US 2766195).
Axonopus affinis A. Chase, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 180. f. 1–2. 1938. Type: USA: Mississippi: Waynesboro, in low moist ground, 2 Oct. 1896, T.H. Kearney 175.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Possibly naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**Hildaea C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira, Molec. Phylog. Evol. 93: 229. 2015 **
**Type. **Hildaea pallens (Sw.) C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira (Panicum pallens Sw.).
**585. Hildaea pallens (Sw.) C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira, Molec. Phylog. Evol. 93: 229. 2015. **
Panicum pallens Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 23. 1788. Lectotype: O.P. Swartz s.n.; Jamaica, designated by Stieber, Syst. Bot. 12: 203 (1987)
Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. 414. 1861
Panicum vicinum F.M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl. Suppl. 3: 82. 1890. Type: Australia: Queensland, Harvey Creek, headwaters of Russell River; Bailey 22 (BRI). Australia, Queensland, Harveys’s Creek, Russell River, on rich scrubland; Bailey s.n. (BRI).
Ichnanthus vicinus (F.M. Bailey) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 20(4): 367–368. 1922
Panicum nitens Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 17: 8. 1904, non K. Schum., 1901. Type: Philippines: Province of Bataan, Luzon, Mount Mariveles; January 1, 1904; Merrill 3756
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Kerala, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka], Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Pantropical.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks.Chorge et al. (2013) indicate that Hildaea. pallens var. majus (Nees) Stieber (as Ichnanthus pallens) is widely distributed in India and is synonymous with I. vicinus. Hildaea. pallens var. pallens is only recorded from the Andaman Islands; this variety is primarily neotropical with sporadic records from Southeast Asia.
**Hymenachne P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 48, 165. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Hymenachne myuros (Lam.) P. Beauv. (Panicum myuros Lam. (“myruos”)) LT designated by L. K. G. Pfeiffer, Nom. 1: 1702. 1873.
**586. Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 276. 1829 **
Panicum amplexicaule Rudge, Pl. Guian. 1: 21. t. 27. 1805. Type: Guianas; Rudge s.n. French Guiana; Martin s.n.
Hymenachne pseudointerrupta Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19(45): 333. 1861. Type: India orientalis, Bengalia et Malacca; Griffith s.n.
Panicum myuros sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896, non Lam., 1791
Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, Gard. Bull. Singapore 20(4): 314. 1964
Panicum acutiglumum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 66. 1853. Type: Philippine Islands; Cuming 2287 (P).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Pantropical, possibly native to the Americas.
Habit. Perennial.
**587. Hymenachne assamica (Hook. f.) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 222. 1931 (as “assamicum”) **
Panicum assamicum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 40. 1896. Syntypes: India: Assam;* Masters s.n., Griffith s.n.* Dacca; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Assam [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Zuloaga questions whether this species actually occurs in India.
**588. Hymenachne aurita (J. Presl. ex Nees) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 144. 1890 **
Panicum auritum J. Presl. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 176. 1829. Lectotype: Philippines: “Luzon”; *Haenke s.n. *(PR). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 187. 1996
Sacciolepis aurita (J. Presl. ex Nees) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 459. 1922
Panicum insulicolum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 78. 1853 (as “insulicola”). Type: Indonesia: Java, Sri Lanka
Sacciolepis insulicola (Steud.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 3. 1947
Panicum javanum Nees ex Buse, Pl. Jungh. 376. 1854, non poir, 1816. Lectotype: *Junghuhn s.n.(*L-sh908.91-2190). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 187. 1996.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**589. Hymenachne panduranganii J. Remya & Geethakum., Nordic. J. Bot. 35(2): 201–204, f. 1–2. 2016. **
Type. India, Kerala, Wayanad district, Thirunelli, at 900 m a.s.l., 11 November 2014, Remya J 83272 (holotype: TBGT, isotypes: MH, CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial
**Paspalum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 855, 1359. 1759 **
**Lectotype. **Paspalum dimidiatum L., nom. illeg. (Panicum dissectum L., Paspalum dissectum (L.) L.). Designated by Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 165. 1912; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 225. 1920.
**590. Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 72. 1973 var. **canarae
Panicum canarae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 58. 1853. Type: India: Canara Province; R.F. Hohenacker 635
Panicum compactum auct. non Roth ex Roem. & Schult., 1817: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 12. 1896
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**591. Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp var. fimbriatum (Bor) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 72. 1973 **
Paspalum compactum Roth ex Roem. & Schult. var. fimbriatum Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 336. 1960. Type: India: Maharashtra, Bombay; Bole 305 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**592. Paspalum conjugatum P. J. Bergius, Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 7: 129, t. 8. 1762 **
Paspalum ciliatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175. 1791. Type: French Guiana; D. LeBlond s.n. (P-LAM).
Paspalum longissimum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 19. 1853. Type: Surinam: in districtu Surinamense Para; February-April, 1844; *A. Kappler 1556 *(P).
Paspalum renggeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 17. 1853. Type: Paraguay; *J.R. Rengger s.n. *(P).
Paspalum bicrurum Saltzm. ex Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 55. 1877, nom. nud. cited as synonym of Paspalum conjugatum.
Paspalum ciliatifolium sensu Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 340. 1834, non Michx., 1803.
Paspalum hirsutum sensu Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 28. 1804, non Retz. 1781.
Type. “Habitat in Surinamo.” France: Surinam; Rolander in Herb. Bergius 36(SBT). LT designated by de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 30: 290. 1985
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**593. Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 35. 1804 **
**Type. **“Cette plante a été recueillie a Buenos-Ayres par Commerson.” Argentina: Buenos Aires; *P. Commerson s.n. *(P-LAM).
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Native to South America, introduced to North America, Europe and Aisa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**594. Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 855. 1759. **
Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn., Mem. Torrey. Bot. Club 5(3): 29. 1894 (as “paspaloides”)
Digitaria paspalodes Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 46. 1803. Type: USA: “in pascuis aridis juxta Charslton”; Michaux s.n.(P-MICH).
Type. “Habitat [in Jamaica.]” LT: P. Browne s.n.; ; Jamaica (LINN-75.9, second fertile culm from the left) LT designated by Guedes, Taxon 25: 513 (1976), and earlier discussed by Jovet & Guedes, Taxon 21: 546 (1972); formally ruled on by Nom. Comm., Taxon 32: 281 (1983).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan]. Pantropical.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. This species is often confused with P. vaginatum. Taxonomic editor Zuloaga notes that “Bor (1960) cited P. distichum in India and Pakistan, and included in the species several synonyms. Also he correctly differentiated P. distichum from P. vaginatum by a hairy upper glume in the former species.” Zuloaga concludes that it is likely that P. distichum is present in India.
**595. Paspalum longifolium Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 283. 1820 var. **longifolium
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. longifolium (Roxb.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 85: 288. 1915
Type. “Of what country this is a native is uncertain. It appeared in the Botanic Garden in 1807.” India, Cult.; *Roxburgh s.n. *(BM).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records from Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**596. Paspalum longifolium Roxb. var. lorirhachis Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 253. 1940 **
Type. India: Assam, Bhomraguri, Darrang; N.L. Bor 78485 (DD).
Distribution. Assam.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990).
**597. Paspalum notatum Fluegge, Gram. Monogr., Paspalum 106. 1810 (as “Paspalus notatus”) **
Paspalum taphrophyllum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 19. 1853. Type: Martinica; F.W. Sieber 365 (L).
Type. West Indies: Virgin Islands, St. Thomas; 1802; Ventenat s.n. (B).
**Distribution. **India. Native to North and South America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**598. Paspalum plicatulum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 45. 1803 **
Panicum plicatulum (Michx.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 363. 1898
Paspalum antillense Husn., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie ser. 2, 5: 260. 1870. Type: “Alt. 640–1300 ft.-Bords des chemins-Route de la Basse-Terre au camp Jacob (Gaud.)” Guadeloupe; P.T. Husnot 76 (US-2854152 (fragm. ex BR)).
Paspalum atrocarpum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 25. 1853. Type: “Ex. Hrbo. Urville sine loco natali.”
Paspalum montevidense Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 246. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Uruguay: Montevideo;* F. Sellow 670*
Paspalum multiflorum Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 58. 1831.Type: “Crescit in Brasilio.” (P).
Paspalum tenue Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 26. 1829
Paspalum undulatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 29. 1804. Type: “Cette plante croit a Porto-Ricco per le citoyen Ledru.” Puerto Rico; A.P. Ledrú s.n. (P-LAM).
Paspalum campestre Schlecht., Linnaea 26: 131. 1853, non Trin., 1834
Paspalum gracile Leconte, J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 91: 285. 1820, non Rudge, 1805. Type: America: Georgia
Paspalum plicatum sensu Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 86. 1805 Michx., 1803
Paspalum marginatum sensu Spreng. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 272. 1841, non Trin., 1826
Type. USA: “Hab. in Georgia et Florida”; Michaux s.n. (P).
Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized. Native to tropical North and South America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**599. Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Mant. Pl. 29. 1767 var. **scrobiculatum
Paspalum cartilagineum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 216. 1830. Type: “Habitat in insula Luzonia ad Sorzogon, in Marianis” Lectotype: Philippines: Luzon, Sorzogon; 1792; *Haenke s.n. *(PR). (vide de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 30 305. 1985).
Paspalum commersonii Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175. t. 43. f. 1. 1791 (as “commerson”). Type: “Lieu nat. I’Isle de France.” Mauritius; P. Commerson s.n. (P-LAM).
Paspalum orbiculare G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 7. 1786. Type: Society Islands; Forster s.n.(GOET).
Paspalum kora Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 332. 1797, nom. superfl. & illeg. for P. orbiculare
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack., Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 20:146. 1914.
**Type. **“Habitat in India orientali.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 79.4 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull. 30: 101. 1975.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Assam and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**600. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. auriculatum (J. Presl) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 5): 345. 1906 **
Paspalum auriculatum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 217. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Luzonia ad Sorzogon” Lectotype: Philippines: Luzon, Sorzogon; Haenke s.n. (the 3 right-hand side specimens) (PR). (vide de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 30: 304. 1985).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [also in the Philippines].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Zuloaga notes that this taxon is native in other parts of Asia but might be naturalized or only cultivated in parts of India.
**601. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. horneri (Henrard) de Konnig & Sosef, Blumea 30(2): 307. f. 7B. 1985 **
Paspalum horneri Henrard, Blumea 1(2): 306. f. 2. 1935. Type: Sumatra: Prairien; *Horner s.n. *(L).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam [also in Indonesia].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990).
**602. **Paspalum thunbergii **Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1(2): 25, no. 80. 1829 **
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. thunbergii (Kunth) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 10: 60. 1896
Paspalum dissectum sensu Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 45. 1784, non. (L.) L., 1762
Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2(2): 273. 1841, isonym
Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**603. Paspalum urvillei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 24. 1853 **
*Paspalum dilatatum *Poir. var. parviflorum Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 64. 1877. Syntypes: Brazil: Lagoa Santa; E. Warming s.n. (BR). Brazil: prope Pernambuco; Forsell s.n. Uruguay: Montevideo; Sello s.n. Rio de Janerio; Glaziou 477
Paspalum larranagae Arechav., Ann. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 60 (reprint 68), t. 2. 1894 (as “larranagai”). Type: Uruguay: Salto, terrenos bajos humedos, viñedo de Harrigue, y en la Vitícola Saltena; March, 1894; *Arechavaleta 207 *(MVM)
Paspalum ovatum Nees ex Trin. var. parviflorum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 43. 1829 (as “parviflorus”). Type: Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow s.n.
Paspalum velutinum Trin. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 43. 1829, nom. nud., pro syn.
Type. Brazil; 1825; J.S.C. Dumont de Urville s.n. (P).
Distribution. India [China, Sri Lanka]. Native to South America; naturalized in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**604. Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 21. 1788 (as “Paspatum”) **
Paspalum distichum L. var. vaginatum (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. (Grisebach) 541. 1864
Sanguinaria vaginata (Sw.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 258. 1901
Digitaria foliosa Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. (Lagasca) 4. 1816. Type: Cuba: “Habitat in Havana, ubi legit D. Balth. Boldo” (MA).
Paspalum foliosum (Lag.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 25. 1829
Paspalum inflatum A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba 11: 298. 1850. Type: Cuba: La Habana; *R. de la Sagra s.n. *(P).
Paspalum brachiatum Trin. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 62. 1829, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Type. Jamaica; Swartz s.n. (S).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Pantropical.
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Paniceae R. Br., 1814
Members of this tribe are morphologically disparate, with no obvious shared morphological character (Kellogg 2015b; Zuloaga 1987; Zuloaga and Soderstom 1985). Most species have a chromosome base number of x=9 (Giussani et al. 2001).
Taxonomic editors for Paniceae: Fernando Zuloaga, P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna and Alok R. Chorghe.
**Acroceras Stapf, Fl. Trop. Africa 9: 621. 1920 **
**Lectotype. **Acroceras oryzoides (Sw.) Stapf (Panicum oryzoides Sw. 1788, non Arduino 1764), = Acroceras zizanioides. LT designated by E. Phillips in Gen. S. Afr. Fl. Pl. ed. 2., 103. 1951.
**605. Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 444–445. 1940 **
Panicum munroanum Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(7): 140. 1890. Type: Sri Lanka; 1857; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3244
Panicum crassiapiculatum Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 5): 356. 1906. Type: Malaya Peninsula, Goping; King’s Collector s.n.
Acroceras crassiapiculatum (Merr.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 324. 1931
Panicum ridleyi Hack. ex Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. Ser. 2. 3: 400. 1893, nom. nud.
Panicum latifolium sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896, non L., 1753
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**606. Acroceras tonkinense (Balansa) C.E. Hubb. ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 78. 1938 **
Panicum tonkinense Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(7): 140. 1890. Syntypes: Vietnam: Tu-Phap, Ouonbi; May, 1887; Balansa 1646. Vietnam; Sepember 12, 1885; Balansa 442
Neohusnotia tonkinensis (Balansa) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 664. 1920
Panicum latifolium L. var. majus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896. Type: Malay Peninsula: Goping; King’s Collector s.n.
Distribution. Assam [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**607. Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 54. 1931 **
Panicum zizanioides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 100 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: Colombia; Humboldt & Bonpland 1606 (B). “Crescit in calidissimis regni Novogranatensis, in ripa fluminis Magdalenae, inter Borjorque et Los Paxarales de Sogamozo, alt. 130 hexap.”
Acroceras oryzoides Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 622. 1920
Panicum balbisianum Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 254. 1824. Type: “In S. Domingo. D. Bertero, Panicum aturense Herb. Balbis n. 2578.”
Panicum lutetense K. Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 332. 1897. Type: Zaire: Congogebiet, Lutete, Gebusch, Bachufern, alt. 16000 ft.; Hens 194 (K).
Panicum ogowense Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 344–345. 1895. Syntypes: Congo Francais: “Region de l’Ogooué; Thollon 727, Thollon 832.” Congo belge: à Lutèté; Fr. Hens 194
Panicum pseudoryzoides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 75. 1853. Type: Bahia
Panicum oryzoides Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 23. 1788, non Ard., 1764. Type: Jamaica; Swartz s.n.
Panicum latifolium sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896, p.p., non L., 1753
Distribution. Assam [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **The taxonomic editors note that it is unclear if this species is naturalized (given the large number of New World species in the synonymy), cultivated, or native.
Alloteropsis **J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 343. 1830 **
**Type.**Alloteropsis distachya J. Presl.
**608. Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 487. 1919 **
Milium cimicinum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 184. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Malabariae et oppidi Johannis plateis. Koenig. 55.” Neotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 83.2 *(LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 617. 1982.
Axonopus cimicinus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 154. 1812.
Panicum cimicinum (L.) Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 9. 1783.
Urochloa cimicina (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 31. 1829
Coridochloa cimicina (L.) Nees ex A. Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24:129. 1911
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**609. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 210. 1909 var. **semialata
Panicum semialatum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 192. 1810. Type: Australia: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum”; R. Brown 6101(BM)
Oplismenus semialatus (R. Br.) Desv., Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 185. 1831.
Urochloa semialata (R. Br.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 31. 1829
Axonopus semialatus (R. Br.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 64. 1896, p.p.
Arundinella schultzii Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 545. 1878. Type: Australia, North Australia, Port Darwin; Schultz 31
Holosetum philippicum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 118. 1854. Type: Philippines: Luzon, Cagayan, Cagayan; H. Cuming 1363 (L). Philippines: Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Nueva Ecija; H. Cuming 1414 (L).
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**610. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. var. eckloniana (Nees) C.E. Hubb. ex Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 277. 1960 **
Panicum semialatum R. Br. var. ecklonianum (Nees) Hack. ex T. Durand. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 764. 1894
Axonopus semialatus (R. Br.) Hook. f. var. ecklonii (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 418. 1899.
Bluffia eckloniana Nees, Del. Sem. Hort. Hamburg. 1834: 8. 1834. Type: “Semina ex America septentrionali sine nomine accepimus.”
Alloteropsis eckloniana (Nees) Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 128. 1916.
Distribution. Kerala, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. All records other than that for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**611. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. var. viatica (Griff.) Ellis & Karthik., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13(3–4): 175. 1974 (“1971”) **
Aira viatica Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 54. 1851. Type: India: Churra Punjee; October 18, 1835; It. ass. 178
Axonopus semialatus (R. Br.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 64. 1896, p.p., excluding type
Distribution. Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**Cenchrus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Cenchrus echinatus L. LT designated by Green in Prop. Brit. Bot. 193. 1929.
**612. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford), n.s. 106: 127. 2010 **
Panicum americanum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. Type: “Habitat in America.” Lectotype = “Panicum Americanum” in Clusius, Rar. Pl. Hist., 2: 215, 215, 1601. LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 672. 1982.
Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas B: 51. t. 4. 1895.
Alopecurus typhoides Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 27. 1768. Type: “Gramen alopecuroides, spica maxima Indiae orientalis. Plukn. Almag. 174. t. 32. f. 4”
Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 271. 1933.
Pennisetum typhoideum L.C. Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Holcus spicatus.
Panicum glaucum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 3: 17, No. 44 (BM-000621854). LT designated by Rauschert in Feddes Repert. 83: 662. 1973.
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 195. 1810
Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 169, 178. 1812.
Penicillaria cylindrica Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 498. 1817, p.p. Type: “In India orient., et promont. b. spei.”
Pennisetum americanum sensu (L.) Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 52. 1907, non (L.) K. Schum., 1895
Pennisetum spicatum (L.) Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 284. 1885, non Roem. & Schult., 1817
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Widely cultivated.
Habit. Annual.
**613. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 238–239. 1820 **
Cenchrus annularis Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 553. 1864. Type: “Standort auf sandigen trocknen und feuchten Feldern, auf Tertiarkalkformation, auf den Querimbainseln und dem gegenuberliegenden Festlande, 10–13 S.B. Im Mai und Juni Eingesammelt.”
Cenchrus barbatus Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 43. 1827. Type: Ghana: Guinea; P. Thonning s.n.
Cenchrus catharticus Delile, Index Seminum Hort. Reg. Bot. Monspel. 2. 1844, nom. nud.
Type. India: dry elevated parts of the Coromandel coast; Roxburgh s.n. (BM).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**614. Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302. 1771 **
Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 213. 1827
Cenchrus longifolius Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854. Type: Nubia: Ad montem Cordofanum Arasch-Cool inter frutices; October 16, 1839; Kotschy 190
Pennisetum cenchroides Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805.
Pennisetum incomptum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 105. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle herb. 55
Pennisetum petraeum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. 1854. Type: “Hochst. hrbr. un. it. arab. nr. 153.” “P. refescens Hochst. Kotschy hrb. nr. 170, Arb. petr. Persia.”
Setaria vulpina P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 171, 178. 1812
Panicum vulpinum Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 1031. 1809, non L., 1753
Pennisetum rufescens Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. in syn., non (Desf.) Spreng., 1825
Cenchrus glaucus Mudaliar & Sundararaj, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 926. 1958. Type: India: Coimbatore, Agricultural College; D.D. Sundararaj 93840a (MH).
Type. “Habitat ad. Cap. b. spei margines agrorum et in dunis. Koenig.” Lectotype: Koenig s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 1217.9 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 691. 1982.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See also DeLisle (1962).
**615. Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 127. 2010 **
Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8(1): 41, t. 5, f. 2. 1903. Type: “In Abyssinia legit W. Schimper no. 2084.” Ethiopia; *Schimper 2084 *(FI).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [also in Ethiopia].
Habit. Perennial.
**616. Cenchrus compressus (R. Br.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 127. 2010 **
*Pennisetum compressum *R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 195. 1810
Panicum alopecuroides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Type: “Habitat in China.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.1 (LINN). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000
Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 303. 1824 (“1825”)
Penicillaria alopecuroides (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 440. 1826
Alopecurus**indicus L., Syst. Veg. ed. 13: 92. 1774, nom.superfl. & illeg.
Pennisetum villosum R. Br. ex Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 134. 1837. Type: Ethiopia; H. Salt s.n.
Cenchrus villosus (R. Br. ex Fresen.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 347. 1898, non Spreng., 1824
Pennisetum longistylum sensu E. Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre ed. 1: 599. 1863, non Hochst., 1851
**Distribution. **Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Naturalized. Native to East Africa.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Author Kailash notes that “According to the USDA-GRIN, Cenchrus purpurascens Thunb. (in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2:329. 1794) is the correct name for this species.”
**617. Cenchrus divisus (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler, Phytotaxa 181(1): 59. 2014 **
Panicum divisum Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2: 156. 1791. Type: Arabia; *Forsskal s.n. *(C).
Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.) Henrard, Blumea 3(1): 162. 1938, in obs.
Panicum dichotomum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775, non L., 1753. Type: “Abrab Tummdm. Ubique in campis Arabiae. Fimul cum Panico Bockar.”
Pennisetum dichotomum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 15, t. 8, f.1. 1813–1814
Pennisetum elatum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. 1854. Type: Arabia; Herb. un.it. arab. 308
Gymnotrix longiglumis Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 85. 1896, nom. nud.
Cenchrus ramosissimus Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 6: 51. 1804. Type. “Cette plante croit in Egypte”, V.S. in herb. Lam.
Distribution. Gujarat [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. See also Verloove (2012).
**618. Cenchrus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1050. 1753 **
Cenchrus brevisetus E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 50. 1886. Type: Mexico: Veracruz, Valle de Orizaba; no date; *Schafn no. 198 in**Bourgeau 3140 *(US-978731 (fragm. ex LE)). Nicaragua; P. Levy 235
*Cenchrus pungens *Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 115 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit locis calidis, planis, subinundatis regni Peruviani prope Guayaquil.” Ecuador: Guayaquil; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.(P).
Cenchrus viridis Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 301. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Guadeloupe; 1817–1819; Bertero s.n. (B).
Type. “Habitat in Jamaica, Curassao.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 912.356-116 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 31. 1993.
Distribution. Kerala [China]. Naturalized. Native to North and South America.
Habit. Annual.
**619. Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 86. 1868. Type: India: Kashmir, Ladak, Nubra, alt. 9000–13000 ft.; Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanisthan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**620. Cenchrus hohenackeri (Hochst. ex Steud.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Pennisetum hohenackeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 103. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgherry Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 930
Pennisetum alopecuros Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 102. 1854, non J. Jacq., 1844. Type: India; Wight s.n. as Gymnotrix cenchroides. Rottler s.n. as Cenchrus hordeiformis.
Pennisetum aureum sensu Dalzell & A. Gibson., Bombay Fl. 294. 1861, non Link, 1827.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**621. Cenchrus hordeoides (Lam.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Panicum hordeoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1): 170. 1791. Type: “E. Siera Leona, Smeathm.”
Pennisetum hordeoides (Lam.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 103. 1854
Gymnotrix hordeoides (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 48. 1829 (as “Gumnothrix”)
Cenchrus parviflorus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6: 52. 1804. Type: “Cette plante croit a Porto-Ricco. Elle a été communiquée a M. Lamarck par M. Ventenat.” Puerto Rico; *M. Ventenat s.n. *(P).
Pennisetum parviflorum (Poir.) Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 65. 1826
Pennisetum antillarum (Poir.) Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 76. 1831
Saccharum antillarum (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 877. 1817.
Setaria antillarum (Poir.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 46. 1829
Pennisetum imberbe Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 181. 1852, isonym. Type: [India]: “Found at Gurhrampur, November.”
Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan. Naturalized.
Habit. Annual.
**622. Cenchrus lanatus (Klotzsch) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Pennisetum lanatum Klotzsch, Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar 65. t. 99. 1862. Type: “Beide Formen werden im Suden von Europa haufig angebaut.” “Prinzen Waldemar auf Ceylon, dem Himalaya und an den Grenzen von Tibet gesammelte Pflanzen.”
Pennisetum nepalense sensu Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 86. 1868, non Spreng., 1825
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**623. Cenchrus mezianus (Leeke) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Pennisetum mezianum Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 39. 1907. Type: “Ostafrika, Somaliland, Brit-Ostafrika, Deutsch-Ostafrika.”
Pennisetum brachystachyum Hack., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 55: 233. 1910. Type: [Africa] “Britisch-Ostafricka”: Makindu River; April 14, 1902; Kassner 584 (US).
Pennisetum massaicum Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 82. 1906, p.p. Type: British East Africa: Kikumbuliu; Scott Elliot 6292. Makindu; Kassner 584, Linton 72. Baringo; 3400 ft.; Johnston s.n.
Distribution. India [also in Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**624. Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Pennisetum orientale Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805. Type: “Hab. in Oriente.”
Panicum orientale (Rich.) Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1031. 1809. Type: “Habitat in Galatia.”
Pennisetum fasciculatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(1–2): 181. 1834. Type: “V. ssp. Pers. et e monte Sinai.”
Pennisetum orientale Rich. var. triflorum (Nees ex Steud.) Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 86. 1896
Pennisetum triflorum Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 59
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Not recorded.
**625. Cenchrus pedicellatus (Trin.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 **
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 184. 1834. Type: Cape Verde Islands, St. Iago; D. Peters s.n. (LE-TRIN-1101.01).
Eriochaeta densiflora Fig. & de Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 376. t. 31. 1854. Type: Africa: “In Nubia superiore iisdem locis ac praecedens.”
Pennisetum densiflorum (Fig. & De Not.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 778. 1894.
Eriochaeta reversa Fig. & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 378. t. 32. 1854. Type: Africa: “In nubia superiore cum praecedentibus.”
Eriochaeta secundiflora Fig. & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 375. t. 30. 1854. Type: Africa: “In Nubiae superiois regione Kordofan.”
Pennisetum secundiflorum (Fig. & De Not.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 784. 1894
Pennisetum amoenum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 386. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescti circa Aderbati, mense Septembre (Quartin Dillon, Schimper).” Ethiopia: crescit circa Aderbati; *Schimper 641 *(P). Ethiopia: crescit circa Aderbati; *Quartin Dillon s.n. *(P).
Pennisetum araneosum Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 180. 1852.
Pennisetum implicatum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854. Type: “Leprieur legit in Senegambria”; Leprieur s.n.
Pennisetum intertextum Schlecht., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 878. 1851. Type: [Africa: Cape Verde Is.]: “An den Seiten der Thaler zwischen Steinen auf der Insel Mayo”; C. Pabst s.n.
Pennisetum notarisii T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 781. 1894
Pennisetum dillonii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854, in obs., nom. nud. (as “dilloni”). Type: “Prov. Chire. Abyssin.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Annual.
**626. Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854 **
Pennisetum pennisetiforme (Hochst. & Steud.) Wipff, Sida 19(3): 527. 2001.
Cenchrus aequiglumis Chiov., Agron. Colon. 20: 108. 1926. Type: Africa “Flora Somala Transjuliense. racoolte dal Dr. Pompeo Gorini nel 1925.”
Pennisetum cenchroides Rich. var. echinoides Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 88–89. 1896
Cenchrus echinoides Wight ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 317. 1840, nom. nud.
Cenchrus lappaceus Tausch, Flora 20: 97. 1837, nom. Later hom., non L., 1763
Type. Saudi Arabia: Jedda, in deserto prope oppid. Deschedda; January 28, 1836; G.H.W. Schimper 973 (P). LT designated by Wipff in Sida 19: 527. 2001.
Distribution. Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**627. Cenchrus polystachios (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 129. 2010 **
Panicum polystachion L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in India.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 82. 1762.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.4 (LINN). LT designated by van der Zon in Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 92-1: 335. 1992.
Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 146. 1824 (as “polystachyum”).
Panicum barbatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 285. 1820, non Lam. 1791. Type: India: Collected from Sumatra and seed grown in Royal Botanical Garden, Calcutta.
Panicum triticoides Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. Type: “J’ignore le lieu natal de cette plante. (Herb. Desfontaine).”
Pennisetum triticoides (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 877. 1817. Type: Herb. Desfontaine.
Panicum densispica Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 273. 1816, nom. superfl & illeg. for P. cenchroides A. Rich.
Pennisetum pedicellatum sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 155. 1956, non Trin., 1834
Panicum cauda-ratti Schumach., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. 3: 79. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning s.n.
Pennisetum cauda-ratti (Schumach.) Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 365. 1895
Pennisetum amethystinum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 172 1812, nom. nud.
Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805.
Cenchrus setosus Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 26. 1788. Type: India orientalis; Swartz s.n. (S).
Gymnotrix geniculata Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 284. 1824 (as “Gymnothrix”). Type: “In martinica, Hortul”; D. Sieber s.n.
Panicum cenchroides Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792. Type: French Guiana: “E Cayenna missarum a Domino Le Blond”; LeBlond s.n. (P).
Setaria cenchroides (Rich.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 495. 1817.
Panicum erubescens Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1031. 1809. Type: “Habitat in insula St. Thomae Americes.”
Setaria erubescens (Willd.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 169, 178. 1812
Pennisetum flavescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 316. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR)
Pennisetum hamiltonii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 297. 1841
Pennisetum hirsutum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 284. 1829
Pennisetum nicaraguense E. Fourn., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 27: 293. 1880. Type: Nicaragua: circa Granada; P. Levy 1304 (P).
Pennisetum pallidum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 285. 1829. Type: Brasilia: “Habitat in apricis praeruptis graminibus parcis obsitis ad latera montium de Mentanha et Itambé, districtus adamantini, provincae Minarum generalium”; Martius s.n. (M).
Pennisetum purpurascens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 113 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in aridis, devexis montis ignivomi Mexicani, Volcan de Jorullo, alt 420 hexapodarum.” Mexico: Volcán de Jorullo, alt. 420 ft.; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P).
Pennisetum richardii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 49. 1829 (as “richardi”)
*Pennisetum uniflorum *Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 114 (ed. qto.). t. 34. 1816. Type: “Crescit locis subtemperatis, planis Prov. Novae Andalusiae, juxta Cumanacoa”; Humboldt & Humboldt s.n.
Pennisetum alopecuroides Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. (Hamilton) 11. 1825, nom. later hom. & illeg., non (L.) Spreng., 1824.
Pennisetum erubescens (Willd.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 215. 1827, non Desv. ex Ham., 1825
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Annual.
**628. Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat, ser. 2, 3: 523. 1931 var. prieurii (as “prieuri”) **
Cenchrus macrostachyus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854. Type: Sudan: Kurdofan, Ad Pagum Cordofanum Abu-Gerad in Collobus Arenosis; September 18, 1839; K.G.T. Kotschy 4
Pennisetum breviflorum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854. Type: “Leprieur legit in Senegambia”; Leprieur s.n.
Pennisetum prieurii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 411. t. 119. 1831. Type: “Crescit in senegambia, collibus arenosis”; Leprieur s.n.
Distribution. Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**629. Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire var. scabra Bhandari, Fl. Ind. Desert 395. 1978 **
Type. India: Rajasthan, Jodhpur, Massuria; December 6, 1960; M.M. Bhandari 793 (JAC).
Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**630. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 196: 129. 2010 **
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 44. 1827. Type: Ghana: Guinea; Thonning 355 (C).
Gymnotrix nitens Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 552. 1864 (as “Gymnothrix”). Type: “Standort, Auf trocknen sandigen oder in der Nahe sumpfiger Wiesen der Halbinsel Cabaceira 15 S.B. Eingesammelt in Mai, auch an anderen orten ahnlichen Bodens vokommend.”
Pennisetum nitens (Andersson) Hack., Bol. Soc. Brot. 6: 142. 1888
Pennisetum benthamii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 105. 1854 (as “benthami”). Type: “P. Macrostachyum Benth. in Hook. Nig. Fl. 563. (non Trin. 1834) Fernando Po, Guinea.”
Pennisetum flavicomum Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 45. 1907. Type: “Agyprischer Sudan: Kordofan.”
Pennisetum flexispica K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 105. 1895. Type: “Si-Stuhlm. Coll. I, n. 1099”.
Pennisetum pallescens Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 47. 1907. Type: “Westafrika: Togo”.
Pennisetum pruinosum Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 46. 1907. Type: Ostafrika, Einheimischer Name, “Magugu”
Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth., Niger Fl. 563. 1849, nom. Later hom. & illeg., non Pennisetum macrostachys (Brongn.) Trin., 1834
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**631. Cenchrus rajasthanensis Kanodia & P.C. Nanda, Geobios (Jodhpur) 5(4): 157. f. 1. 1978 **
Distribution. Rajasthan.
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**632. Cenchrus ramosus (Hochst.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 129. 2010 **
Gymnotrix ramosa Hochst., Flora 27: 252. 1844 (as “Gymnothrix”). Type: Aethiopica: Sennar Province; Kotschyi 199.
Pennisetum ramosum (Hochst.) Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 301. 1867.
Pennisetum arvense Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 119. 1901. Type: Ethiopia: “auf trockenen Bergrucken in der sonst sumpfigen Ebene, Dembea, 5800 ft.”; October 1863; *Schimper 1399. *Ethiopia: “in Sumpfen bei Hamedo” 4500 ft.; September 1862; Schimper 1058.
Pennisetum ovale Rupr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 104. 1854. Type: Ethiopia: Nubia; Ruprecht. (In Kotschy fl. ath. 199)
Distribution. India [also in Africa].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**633. Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Enum. Pl. (Vahl) 2: 395. 1805 **
Cenchrus biflorus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 89. 1896, non Roxb., 1820
Cenchrus bulbifer Hochst. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 448. 1884, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Cenchrus uniflorus Ehrenb. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 448. 1884, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Pennisetum vahlii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 49. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cenchrus setigerus Vahl
Type. “Habitat in Arabia. Forskal.” Saudi Arabia; Forsskal s.n. (C).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Cyrtococcum Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 15. 1917, 9: 745. 1920 **
**Lectotype. **Cyrtococcum setigerum (P. Beauv.) Stapf (Panicum setigerum P. Beauv.) LT designated by F. W. Gould in R. A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 3: 121. 1979.
**634. Cyrtococcum accrescens (Trin.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922 **
Panicum accrescens Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(8): t. 88. 1827. Type: “Figura ad specimen nepalense.”
Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus var. latifolium (Honda) Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11(1): 47–48. 1942.
Panicum patens L. f. latifolium Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 25. 1923. Type: China: Taiwan, Liukiu, Onnah; 1899; K. Miyake s.n.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odish, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
**Habit. **Not recorded.
Remarks. Distribution in Karnataka, Nagaland, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**635. Cyrtococcum deccanense Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 255–256. 1956 **
Panicum patens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 57. 1896, non L., 1753
**Type. **Sri Lanka: Hakgala, gully near Botanical Garden; 6000 ft.; December 30, 1950; F. Ballard 1341 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**636. Cyrtococcum longipes (Wight & Arn. ex Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921. **
Panicum longipes Wight & Arn. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 58. 1896. Syntypes: India: Nilghiri and Pulney Hills; Heyne (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8741). Wight & Arn (Wight Cat. no. 1638). Karkun Ghar, alt. 2000 ft.; Lawson s.n.
Cyrtococcum patens sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 120. 1956, non (L.) A. Camus, 1921
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**637. Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922. **
Panicum oxyphyllum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 65. 1853. Type: India: Canara; R.F. Hohenacker 627
Panicum hermaphroditum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 67. 1853. Type: Philippines; Cuming no. 554
Panicum pilipes Nees & Arn. ex Buse, Pl. Jungh. 376. 1854. Type: “Habitat insulae Javae sylvas in sinu Wijnkoopsbaai, Junghuhn.” Indonesia: Java; Cuming 554
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**638. Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921 **
Panicum patens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India; similis e Lusitania.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 80.63 *(LINN). LT designated by Mitra & Jain in Manilal (ed.), Bot. Hist. Hort. Malabaricus 151. 1980.
Panicum muricatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 18. 1786–1787. Type: “Misit Cel. Koenig.”
Cyrtococcum muricatum (Retz.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. 291. 1960.
Panicum radicans Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 18. 1786–1787. Type: “Ad Canton Lectum dadit Honor. Wennerberg.” Neotype: Philippines: Luzon, Rizal, Manila; December, 1914; F. Blanco 711(L).
Cyrtococcum radicans (Retz.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922
Panicum schmidtii Hack., Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 99. 1901. Type: Thailand: Tratpron, Kohchang Island, plains near Klong Munsé; 1899; c.i. s.n.
Cyrtococcum schmidtii (Hack.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 436. 1940.
Panicum carinatum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 309. 1830. Type: “Habitat in insula Luzonia ad Sorzogon.” Philippine Islands: Luzon, Sorzogon; Haenke s.n. (PR)
Panicum obliquum Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 433. 1817
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**639. Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921 **
Panicum trigonum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 9. 1783. Type: India; Koenig s.n. (LD). “Specimina javanica melius conceniunt cum Rumph. quam cum Rheed. figura cujus folia longiora.”
Panicum difforme Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 433. 1817. Type: India orientalis; “Roth, nov. plant. spec. mss” cited
Panicum patens sensu Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 26. t. 10. f. 3. 1768, non L., 1753
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Digitaria Haller f., Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: 244. 1768, nom. cons.
**Type. **Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scopoli (Panicum sanguinale L.) (type cons.).
**640. Digitaria abludens (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 53–55 f. 11d. 12. 1973 **
Panicum abludens Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 457. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n. (B). “Pancium paradoxum Roth, nov. plant. Spec. Ms. ..”
Digitaria granularis (Trin.) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 302. 1950
Paspalum granulare Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 47. 1821. Type: “Hab. In India Orientali.” Koenig sub Milium setaceum in Herb. Trin ex Herb. Banks ex Herb. Jacquin (LE).
Digitaria pedicellaris Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1182. 1903, nom. superfl.
Paspalum pedicellare Trin. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 19. 1896, nom. superfl. for Paspalum granulare Trin.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**641. Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 213. 1907 **
Panicum abyssinicum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 360. 1850–1851. Type: Ethiopia: “in fruticetis opacis ad radices septrionales montis scholoda”; September 22, 1837; W. Schimper U. I. 1840 Sect. primo 82 (P).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**642. Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 470. 1817 **
Paspalum bicorne Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. Type: “Lieu nat. I’Inde.” India; Sonnerat in Herb. Lamarck (P-LAM).
Panicum bicorne (Lam.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 83. 1833.
Digitaria barbata Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 91. 1809. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali”; Herb. Desvaux s.n. (P).
Digitaria rottleri Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 471. 1817. Type: India; Rottler s.n.
Panicum heteranthum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896, non Link, 1827, nom illeg., later hom.
Panicum barbatum (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 33. 1829, non Lam., 1791
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**643. Digitaria biformis Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 92. 1809 **
Panicum biforme (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 33. 1829.
Panicum sanguinale L. var. biforme (Willd.) Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 762. 1894
Type. “Habitat in insula Mauritii et Borboniae”; Bory de St. Vincent 47 (B-W-1652).
Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. The taxonomic editors note that this species could be synonymous with D. bicornis or D. ciliaris.
**644. Digitaria brownii (Roem. & Schult.) Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 313. 1923 **
Panicum brownii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 462. 1817, nom. nov. for Panicum villosum R. Br.
Panicum villosum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 192. 1810, nom. illeg., non Lam., 1791. Type: Australia: Keppel Bay; R. Brown 6119, p.p. (BM).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in Australia, New Zealand].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **It is unclear if this species is naturalized in Tamil Nadu. Its native range is not recorded.
**645. Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 27. 1802 **
Panicum ciliare Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 16. 1786–1787. Type: “E Java et China adtulit honor. Wennerberg.” China: Guangdong, Guangzhou; Wennerberg s.n. (LD).
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. ciliare (Retz.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. rottleri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896. Type: India; Wight Herbarium no. 3032 and 3033
Panicum adscendens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K] 1: 97 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in Nova Andalusia prope Cumanacoa (100 hexap.), in Peruvia ad maris littora prope Guayaquil et Santa; in Nova Hispania juxta Zelaya et Queretaro, alt. 950 hexap.” Lectotype: Peru [Ecuador]: Guyaquil; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 21(1): 32. 1973.
Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 92. 1934.
Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard var. criniformis Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 999. 1950
Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard ssp. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 998. 1950.
Digitaria chrysoblephara Fig. & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 364. t. 27. 1854. Type: Africa: “In Nubia superiore ad Fazoge”; Figari s.n.(FI).
Digitaria marginata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 102. 1821. Type: “Hab. in Brasilia.” Brazil; Herb. Link 67 (B (left side of sheet)).
Digitaria fimbriata Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 226. 1827. Type: “Hab. in Brasilia.” Brazil; Herb. Link 97 (B [right side of sheet]).
Digitaria marginata Link var. fimbriata (Link) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 440. 1919.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Not recorded.
**646. Digitaria compacta (Roth) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 71. 1973 **
Paspalum compactum Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 316. 1817. Type: India orientalis; Heyne s.n. (B).
Digitaria cruciata (Nees) A. Camus var. esculenta Bor, Webbia 11: 353. 1955. Type: India: Khasia, Pomrang; September 15, 1850; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (K).
Distribution. Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**647. Digitaria cruciata (Nees) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 399. 1922 var. **cruciata
Panicum cruciatum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 39. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 28, 29.
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. cruciatum (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 14. 1896
Distribution. Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Mynamar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**648. Digitaria cruciata (Nees) A. Camus var. pectinata Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 72. 1973 **
**Type. **India; Griffith KD 6574 (W).
Distribution. Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. Record for Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990).
**649. Digitaria duthieana Henrard ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 273. 1953 **
Type. India: Madhya Pradesh, Bandelkhand, Barwar Sagor, near Jhansi; December 9, 1886; J.F. Duthie s.n. (K).
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**650. Digitaria eriantha Steud., Flora 12(2): 468–469. 1829. **
Digitaria pentzii Stent, Bothalia 3(1): 147. 1930. Type: Cape Province, Vrijburg District, Vrijburg; Pentz N.H.P. 8510 (PRE).
Digitaria eriantha Steud. var. stolonifera Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 375. 1898. Type: South Africa: Transvaal, Houtbosch; A. Rehmann 5712 (K, L). LT designated (as type) by Henrard in Monogr. Digitaria 232. 1950.
Type. South Africa: Cape: Cape of Good Hope, von Ludwig s.n.
Distribution. Maharashtra [also in Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Possibly only in cultivation.
**651. Digitaria fuscescens (J. Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 61: 8. 1930 **
Paspalum fuscescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 213. 1830. Type: “Hab. in regione montana Peruviae” (changed to Hab. ad Monte-Rey Californiae, in the Addendum on p. 351); Haenke s.n. (PR).
Syntherisma fuscescens (J. Presl) Scribn., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 49, t. 10. 1899
Digitaria pseudoischaemum Buse, Pl. Jungh. 382. 1854 (as “pseudo-ischaemum”). Type: “Habitat in sumatrae littoralibus arenosis. Inter stirpes Ischaemi multici, cui Sterilis quodammodo similes est, offendi unicum specimen.” Junghuhn s.n.
Distribution. Manipur, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**652. Digitaria griffithii (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 **
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. griffithii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896. Type: Cited many syntypes.
Panicum corymbosum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 436. 1864, non Roxb., 1820
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**653. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl., Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 9. 1813 **
Panicum ischaemum Schreb. in Schweigg., Spec. Fl. Erlang. 16. 1804. Type: Germany, Bavaria
Syntherisma ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 151. 1912
Digitaria humifusa Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805. Type: “Hab. In arenosis circa Parisios.”
Panicum humifusum (Pers.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 33. 1829
Syntherisma humifusum (Pers.) Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 469. 1900
Paspalum ambiguum Lam. & DC., Fl. Franc. (DC. & Lamarck), ed. 3. 3: 16. 1805. Type: cited Paspalum dactylon Lam.
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl., Descr. Gram. (Muhlenberg) 131. 1817, isonym
Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**654. Digitaria jubata (Griseb.) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 **
Paspalum jubatum Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 84. 1868. Type: India: Khasya Hills, 7000 ft.; J.D. Hooker Paspalum no. 9 (GOET).
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China].
Habit. Annual.
**655. Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 **
Paspalum longiflorum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “E Malabaria, ubi ad margines agrorum crescit, misit hon. Koenig.”
Panicum longiflorum (Retz.) J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed 13 [bis] 2: 158. 1791
Syntherisma longiflora (Retz.) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 261: 30. 1912
Digitaria caespitosa Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 215. 1925. Lectotype: Malay Peninsula: Singapore, Tanglin, grass plots in the gardens; *Ridley s.n. *(K). LT designated by Veldkamp, Blumea 21: 64. 1973.
Panicum propinquum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 193. 1810. Type: Australia: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum”; R. Brown 6122 (BM).
Digitaria propinqua (R. Br.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 160, 170. 1812
Digitaria roxburghii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 270. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis
Paspalum brevifolium Fluegge, Gram. Monogr., Paspalum 150. 1810 (as “Paspalus brevifolius”), nom. superfl. & illeg. Syntypes: “In malabaria ad agrorum margines; Koenig s.n. Insula Mauritii; Dupetit Thouars s.n. Tranqubaria; Klein s.n.
Paspalum filiculme Nees in Herb. Wight ex Miq., Prolus. Fl. Jap. 162. 1867
Digitaria filiculmis (Nees) Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11(1): 32. 1942, in obs.
Paspalum preslii Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 47. 1833. Type: Peruvia
Digitaria preslii (Kunth) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 589. 1950
Panicum pseudodurva Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 21. 1841 (as “pseudo-durva”)
Panicum parvulum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 205. 1834, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Paspalum longiflorum Retz.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**656. Digitaria nodosa Parl., Pl. Nov. 39. 1842 **
Syntherisma nodosa (Parl.) Newbold, Torreya 24: 9. 1924
Panicum commutatum Nees var. nodosum (Parl.) Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 744. 1894
Panicum pabulare Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 190. 1882. Type: Afghanistan: Kuram District, between Thal and Chapri, also on Tor-ghar Hill
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. pabulare (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896
Panicum parlatorei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 40. 1854. Type: “Ins. Canar., Parlatore Pl. nov. 39”
Type. “Habitat in arvis insulae Canariae.”
Distribution. Punjab [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Not recorded.
**657. Digitaria pennata (Hochst.) T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2(5): 941. 1908 var. **pennata
Panicum pennatum Hochst., Flora 38: 197. 1855. Type: Abyssinia[Ethiopia]: Gurrsarfa; 1853; *Schimper [Hb. abyss. Buch.] 1497 *(STR).
Paspalum pennatum (Hochst.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896
Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**658. Digitaria pennata (Hochst.) T. Cooke var. shettyana R.P. Pandey, Parmar & B.L. Vyas, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(2): 475. 1984 **
Type. India: Rajasthan, Jalore, rocky habitat near Sareh Mandir; September 21, 1978; B.V. Shetty 6659A (CAL).
Distribution. Rajasthan.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**659. Digitaria radicosa (J. Presl) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 3: 437. 1857 **
Panicum radicosum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 297. 1830. Type: “Habitat ad Sorzogon Luzoniae.” Philippine Islands: Luzon, Sorsogon Province; Haenke s.n. (PR?).
Panicum timorense Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 83. 1833
Digitaria timorensis (Kunth) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 138. 1890. (See Remarks below.)
Panicum debile Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 59–60. 1798. Type: Algeria: in pascuis prope La Calle; Desfontaines 127 (P).
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. debile (Desf.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks.**Digitaria timorensis (Kunth) Balansa placed in synonymy here, but it is unclear where this name falls within Digitaria.
**660. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 52. 1771 **
Panicum sanguinale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Type: “Habitat in America, Europa australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.31(LINN). LT designated by Henrard in Monogr. Digitaria 649. 1950.
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. var. frumentacea Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 985. 1950. Type: Cultivated.
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. var. rottleriana Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 986. 1950. Type: South Africa: Cape Province, Cape town, in gardens Johannesburg and India.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized. Native range not recorded.
**Habit. **Annual.
**661. Digitaria setigera Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 474. 1817 **
Digitaria setigera Roth var. calliblepharata (Henrard) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 40. 1973
Panicum corymbosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 295. 1820. Type: India: in the vallies amongst the Circar Mountains; Roxburgh s.n.
Axonopus corymbosus (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 177. 1824
Digitaria corymbosa (Roxb.) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1: 53. 1923
Syntherisma corymbosa (Roxb.) Hosok., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24(130): 199. 1934
Panicum microbachne J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 298. 1830. Lectotype: Philippine Islands: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (right- and left-hand specimens) (PR) (vide Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 450. 1950).
Digitaria microbachne (J. Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 61: 13. 1930
Digitaria microbachne (J. Presl) Henrard ssp. calliblepharata Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 452. 1950. Syntypes: Indonesia: Kangean, Kajoe Waroe; 1920; Backer 27997 (L). Java: Soerabaja; September 30, 1928; Van Slooten 2047
Panicum dilatatum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 39. 1854. Type: India Courtallum; Wight 1045, 1047
Panicum pruriens Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 77. 1826. Lectoype: Hawaii: Nukahiwa Island; G.H. von Langsdorff s.n. LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 21(1): 38. 1973.
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. pruriens (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896
Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. extensum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896. Type: Wight Cat. no. 2340
Digitaria extensa (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934
Type. India; Heyne s.n.
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**662. Digitaria stewartiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 166–167. 1951 **
Type. India: Kashmir, Chunagund, near Kargil, Ladak, 10000 ft.; August 25, 1940; R.R. Stewart 21047 (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladak [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Report from Ladak fide Naithani (1990).
**663. Digitaria stricta Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 474. 1817 var. **stricta
Setaria stricta (Roth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829
Digitaria stricta Roth var. denudata (Link) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 175. 1950
Digitaria stricta Roth var. glabrescens Bor, Webbia 11: 336. 1955. Syntypes: India: Khasia; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Tehri Garhwal, Jumma Valley, alt. 5800 ft.; September 3, 1883; J.F. Duthie 325. Dehra Dun, Ramgarh; September 1892; J.S. Gamble 23932.
Agrostis pilosa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 22. 1791. Type: “Ex India orientali mista.” India; *Koenig s.n. *(LD).
Digitaria denudata Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 222. 1827
Panicum denudatum (Link) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 32. 1829
Digitaria puberula Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 223. 1827
Panicum pseudosetaria Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 39. 1854 for Digitaria stricta Roth. Type: India
Syntherisma royleana Newbold, Torreya 24: 9. 1924, nom. superfl.
Digitaria royleana Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1182. 1903, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Digitaria puberula
Paspalum royleanum Nees ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 18. 1896, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Digitaria puberula
Type. India; B. Heyne s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**664. Digitaria ternata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 376–377. 1898 **
Cynodon ternatus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 405. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in arvis Poae Abyssinicae cultis, prope Adoua (Quartin Dillon, Schimper)”; Ethiopia: Tigray; September 23, 1837; Schimper 76 (P). LT designated (as “type”) by Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 738. 1950.
Panicum ternatum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 40. 1853
Paspalum ternatum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 17. 1896
Syntherisma ternata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Newbold, Torreya 24: 9. 1924
Panicum phaeocarpum Nees var. gracile Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 23. 1841. Type: “In graminosis vallis ad Gekau alt. 800–1000 ft.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**665. Digitaria tomentosa (J. Koenig ex Rottler) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 **
Milium tomentosum J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 220. 1803. Type: “Intra fissures rupium in monte Wandiwash.”
Panicum subeglume Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 292. 1834
Milium capillare Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 320. 1817, non Rottb., 1778. Type: India orientali; B. Heyne s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**666. Digitaria violascens Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 229. 1827 **
Paspalum fuscum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 214. 1830. Type: Hab. in Luzonia? in Peruviae montanis huanoccensibus? Mexico? Mexico; *Haenke s.n. *(PR).
Syntherisma fusca (J. Presl) Scribn., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 49, t. 11. 1899
Digitaria fusca (J. Presl) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 35: 4. 1928, non Chiov., 1919
Digitaria chinensis (Nees) A. Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 48. 1923, non Horneman, 1819
Type. “Hab. in Brasilia.” Brazil; Herb. Link 93 (B).
Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**667. Digitaria wallichiana (Wight & Arn. ex Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 436. 1919 **
Panicum wallichianum Wight & Arn. ex Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 41. 1853. Type: India; Wight Cat. 1607 (KD 3089) (P).
Panicum multibrachiatum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 74. 1853. Type: India; Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohenacker 916
Paspalum perrottetii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 20. 1896, non Panicum**perrottetii Kunth, 1833 (vide Bor 1960).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Echinochloa P. Beauv., Essai Agrostogr. 53. 1812, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (Panicum crus-galli L.)
**668. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 209. 1833 **
Panicum colonum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Indiae cultis.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 84. 1753.” Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 80.23 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 119. 1908.
Milium colonum (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 202. 1794
Oplismenus colonus (L.) Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108–109 (ed. qto.). 1816
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. colona (L.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 122. 1923
Panicum crus-galli L. ssp. colonum (L.) Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Japan (Makino & Nemoto) 1470. 1925
Panicum crus-galli L. var. minor Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 359. 1864. Type: Ceylon Plant 901
Panicum zonale Guss., Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 82. 1827. Type: “Habitus praecedentis sed gracilior, spiculae minus hispidae, antherae sordide purpureae, stigmata nigricantia.”
Echinochloa zonalis (Guss.) Parl., Fl. Panorm. 1: 119. 1839
Oplismenus repens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 321. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Panicum prorepens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 46. 1853
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**669. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 161, 169. 1812 var. **crus-galli
Panicum crus-galli L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753 (as “crus galli”). Type: “Habitat in Europae, Virginiae cultis.” Lectotype: *Kalm, Herb. Linn. No. 80.18 *(LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 117. 1908.
Milium crus-galli (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 202. 1794
Pennisetum crus-galli (L.) Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277. 1817
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. submutica Neilr., Fl. Nied.-Oesterr 2: 31. 1859 (as “submuticum”). Type: Echinochloa crus-galli Rchb. Icon. 9. f. 1411
Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Eggel., Ann. List. Gram. Uganda 16. 1947, non Murno ex Hook. f, 1896
Panicum hispidulum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 18. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Ex India Orientali misit honor. Koenig.”
Echinochloa hispidula (Retz.) Nees, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 416, 420. 1840
Panicum crus-galli L. var. stagninum Trimen ex Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 136. 1900, non Panicum stagninum Retz., 1788 [Trimen in Handb. Fl. Ceylon published it as com. nov.]
Panicum grossum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 18. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**670. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 269. 1824 **
Oplismenus crus-pavonis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in apricis calidissimis Procinciae Cumanensis prope Bordones.”
Echinochloa composita J. Presl ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 259. 1829 [cited as synonym of E. crus-pavonis]. Type: “Habitat in sylvis ad Almada et Ferradas provinciae Bahiensis, aliisque in locis Brasiliae”; Haencker s.n. (B).
Oplismenus angustifolius E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 40. 1886. Type: Mexico: Veracruz; August; Gouin 54 (P).
Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 147. 1833. Type: Jamaica
Panicum jamaicense (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 257. 1841
Panicum sabulicolum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 258. 1829. Type: “Habitat in arenosis Parae; Sieber s.n.” Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow s.n.
Oplismenus sabulicolus (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 145. 1833 (as “sabulicola”)
Panicum aristatum MacFad., Bot. Misc. 2: 115. 1831, non Retz., 1786–1787
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**671. Echinochloa frumentacea Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 204. 1827 **
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link var. frumentacea (Link) Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 223. 1925
Oplismenus frumentaceus (Link) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 45. 1829
Panicum crusgalli L. var. frumentacea (Link) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 104. 1885 (as “frumentaceum”)
Panicum frumentaceum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 307. 1820, non Salisb., 1796. Type: “This I have only found in a state of cultivation, ..”
Type. India; Cultivated.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [also in Asia, Africa, and introduced to America].
Habit. Annual.
**672. Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 31. 1896 **
**Type. **Western Himalaya, Khasia Hills; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8687.
Distribution. Karnataka, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa].
**Habit. **Not recorded.
**673. Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 41: 742. 1891 **
Panicum oryzoides Ard., Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt. 16. t. 5. 1764. Type: “Semina hujus Panici inventa a me fuere inter Oryzam.”
**Distribution. **Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**674. Echinochloa picta (J. Koenig) P.W. Michael, Philipp. Weed J. Sci. 5: 18. 1978 **
Panicum pictum J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 204. 1788. Type: India: Calcutta; *J. Koenig s.n. *
Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**675. Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 345. 1917 **
Panicum pyramidale Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. Type: “Lieu nat. le Senegal. Bdles courtes, Blanchatres.” Senegal: E. Senegal; 1789; *D. Roussillon s.n. *(P-LAM).
Panicum atroviolaceum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 368. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in Abyssinia sine locali indicatione; Antoine Petit s.n.” (P).
Panicum quadrifarium Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 367. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad marginem stagnorum et in locis paludosis prope Adoua, mensibus Novembre et Decembre.” Syntypes: Ethiopia: Tigre, Adoua; December 1, 1837; Schimper 206 (P). Ethiopia: Adoua, Quartin Dillon s.n. (P).
Distribution. Karnataka [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa, Australasia, North America, South America].
Habit. Perennial.
**676. Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 161, 171. 1812 **
Panicum stagninum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 17. 1788 (“1789”). Type: ‘Habitat in stagnis Indiae Orientalis, D. Koenig.” India; *Koenig s.n. *(LD).
Panicum crus-galli sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 30. 1896, non L. 1753
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Eriochloa Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 94 (ed. qto.). t. 30. 31. 1816 **
**Lectotype. **Eriochloa distachya Kunth. LT designated by G.V. Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 157. 1912; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 220. 1920.
**677. Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 30(1): 108. 1975 **
Panicum fatmense Hochst. & Steud., Unio Itin. Schimper 806. 1837. Type: Arabia: Mecca; Schimper 806 (K).
Eriochloa decumbens F.M. Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 1: 234. 1897. Type: “Habitat on rocks, Hammond Island, Torres Strait. This grass differs from the other Australian species of the genus, principally in habit.”
Helopus nubicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 100. 1854. Type: Sudan: Arashcool; Kotschy 382 (K).
Eriochloa nubica (Steud.) Hack. & Stapf ex Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 64: 697. 1919, in obs.
Helopus acrotrichus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 100. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for P. fatamense
Eriochloa acrotricha Hack., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 435. 1907, non (Hook. f.) Schinz, 1906
Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**678. Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 256. 1930 **
Agrostis procera Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 19. 1786–1787. Type: “In graminosis subhumidis Malabariae frequens; Koenig.”
Milium ramosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 22. 1791. Type: “Ex India Orientali Habui.”
Agrostis ramosa (Retz.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 257. 1810
Eriochloa ramosa (Retz.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Eriochloa polystachya sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 20. 1896, non H.B.K., 1816
Eriochloa annulata Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 30. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Paspalum annulatum Fluegge, Gram. Monogr., Paspalum 133. 1810 (as “Paspalus annulatus”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Milium ramosum Retz.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**Holcolemma Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 244. 1929 **
**Type. **Holcolemma canaliculatum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. (Panicum canaliculatum Nees ex Steud.).
**679. Holcolemma canaliculatum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 246. 1929 **
Panicum canaliculatum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 55. 1853. Type: India; Wright 1624 (P).
Hemigymnia canaliculata (Nees) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 324. 1931
Panicum stenostachyum Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 436. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Trincomalie; Rev S.O. Glemie Ceylon Plant 3845
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Megathyrsus (Pilg.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Austrobaileya 6(3):572. 2003 **
Panicum subgen. Megathyrsus Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 242. 1931
**Lectotype. ***Megathyrsus maximus *(Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs (*Panicum maximum *Jacq.) Designated by Zuloaga, Grass Syst. Evol. 296. 1987.
**680. Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Austrobaileya 6(3): 572. 2003 **
Panicum maximum Jacq., Ic. Pl. Rar. 1: 2. t. 13. 1781. Type: West Indies: Lesser Antilles: Leeward Islands, Guadeloupe; Herb. Jacquin s.n. (W).
Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 241. 1987
Panicum giganteum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 143. 1904, non Scheele, 1849
Panicum heynii Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 458. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n.
Panicum hirsutissimum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 72. 1853. Type: “In sylvis Krakakammae et ad flumen Zwartkopsrivier, alt. I (Uitenhage), (Ecklon), inter frutices ad flumen Zontagsrivier et Zoutpansnek alt. 1500–2000 et ad rivum ad Enon alt. 400, (Drege).”
Panicum maximum Jacq. var. hirsutissimum (Steud.) Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29(3): 171. 1875
Panicum jumentorum Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 83. 1805
Panicum laeve Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791. Type: Dominican Republic: Hispaniola Island; 1780; E Domingo, ins. Franc. (P-LAM).
Panicum maximum Jacq. ssp. pubescens M. Sharma, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7(1): 106. f. 1. 1985. Type: India: Punjab, Patiala District, Rakhra; alt. 700 ft.; September 1, 1971; M. Sharma 2288 (PUN).
Panicum pamplemoussense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 71. 1853. Type: “Urville legit ad Pamplemousse Ins. Maurit.”
Panicum polygamum Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 24. 1788, non Forssk., 1775. Type: India Orientali; Brown 366
Panicum sparsum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 64. 1827
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Perennial herb.
**Remarks. **Record for Punjab fide Naithani (1990).
**Melinis P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 54. 1812 **
**Type. **Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.
**681. Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 54. t. 11. f. 4. 1812 **
Panicum minutiflorum (P. Beauv.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 299. 1825
Muhlenbergia brasiliensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 177. 1854. Type: Brazil: Bahia; 1830; M. Salzmann 652 (US-87244).
Panicum melinis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 291. 1834
Suardia picta Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 58. 1820. Type: “Colitur in Tepidario.”
Tristegis glutinosa Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 47: 54. 1820. Type: Brasilia?
Type. Brazil: “Cette plante croit a Rio-Janerio. Elle m’a été communiquée par M. De Jussieu.”(G).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized.
Habit. Perennial.
**682. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka, Biblioth. Bot. 138: 55. 1988 **
Saccharum repens Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 322. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Guinea.” Africa: Ghana; Isert s.n. [Thonning and other Danish Botanists] (B-W-1499).
Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 110. 1934
Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc., Man. Grasses W. Ind. 331. 1936
Monachyron villosum Parl., Niger Fl. 191. 1849. Type: Cape Verde Islands: S. Jacobi; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). “Hab. in insula S. Jacobi (J.D. Hooker).
Rhynchelytrum villosum (Parl.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 310. 1908 (as “Rhynchelitrum”)
Melinis villosa (Parl.) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 464. 1901
Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex Bews, World’s Grass. 223. 1929 in obs. [reference to basionym is not given]
Tricholaena rosea Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 17. 1841. Type: Cited many synonyms.
Tricholaena wightii Nees & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 93. 1854, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**Moorochloa Veldkamp (2004), Reinwardtia 12(2): 138–139 **
**Type. **Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp (Panicum eruciforme Sm.).
**683. Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp, Reinwardtia 12(2): 139. 2004 var. **eruciformis
Panicum eruciforme Sm., Fl. Graec. (Sibthorp) 1: 44, t. 59. 1806. Type: Greece: Samos “in arvis circa Junonis templum”; *Sibthorp s.n. *(OXF).
Urochloa eruciformis (Sm.) C. Nelson & Fern. Casas, Fontqueria 51: 4. 1998
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 469. 1853
Echinochloa eruciformis (Sm.) C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 437. 1848
Panicum caucasicum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3(22): t. 262. 1830. Type: “Figura ad specimen a Caucaso orientali.”
Panicum isachne Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 458. 1817. Type: India; *Heyne in Herb. Roth s.n. *= Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8693 (K).
Panicum isachne Roth var. mexicanum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 114. 1896 (as “mexicana”). Type: “Specimen seen was cultivated from seed obtained in Mexico, by U.S. Dept. Agricul 1887.”
Brachiaria isachne (Roth) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 552. 1919
Panicum pubinode Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 363. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in convalle fluvii Tacazze, Schimper, pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. III, 1855.” Abyissinia: Tacazze River; December, 1841; *Schimper 1855 *
Panicum wightii Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 29. 1841. Type: “In graminosis vallis ad Gekau alt. 500–1000.” South Africa; Drége s.n. LT designated by Chase in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 36. 1920.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [also in Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Africa, Australia, Europe, South America].
Habit. Annual.
**684. Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata (Basappa & Muniy.) E. A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212058-1
Brachiaria**eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B, 49(4): 379. 1983. Type: India: Karnataka, Mysore, 3 km west of Mysore, along the edge of tank-bund; 12 Aug 1979
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka (Naithani), Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa, Europe].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata Basappa & Muniy. to Moorochloa.
**Oplismenus P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 14. 1810 (“1807”), nom. cons. **
**Type. **Oplismenus africanus P. Beauv.
**685. Oplismenus burmanni (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 169. 1812 **
Panicum burmanni Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 10. 1783 (as “Burmanni”). Type: India: Madras; Koenig s.n. (LD).
Oplismenus affinis J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 323. 1830, non Schult.,1824. Type: “Habitat in Panama.”
Panicum bromoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791 (“bromoide”). Type: Lieu nat. les I’lle de France.” Commerson s.n. (P).
Oplismenus bromoides (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 169. 1812
Oplismenus cristatus J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 323. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR)
Oplismenus multisetus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 377. 1850–1851. Type: Crescit in convalle fluvii Tacazzé prope Tchélatchéranne, sub arborum umbra, mense Septembre, Schimper, Pl. Schimp.Abyss., sect. III, 1469.” Ethiopia; Schimper 1469
Oplismenus preslei Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 141. 1833. Type: Panama
Panicum album Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. Type: “Cette plante croit a l’ile de Java (Herb. Desfontaine).”
Orthopogon albus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 44. 1853, pro syn. of Panicum album.
Panicum japonicum Steud., Flora 29: 18. 1846. Type: “Die japanischen Graser der Goringschen Sammlung”
Panicum multisetum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 377. 1850–1851 [cited as synonym of O. multisetus]
Panicum hirtellum sensu Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 24. t. 12. f. 1. 1768, non L., 1763
Oplismenus humboldtianus Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 264. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg. for O. burmanni
Oplismenus indicus Duthie, Grass.n. W. India 8. 1883, non Roem. & Schult., 1817
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Not recorded.
**686. Oplismenus compositus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168,169. 1812 **
Panicum compositum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Zeylona.” Lectotype: *Herb. Hermann 3: 45, No. 42 *(BM-000621970). LT designated by Davey & Clayton in Kew Bull. 33: 156. 1978.
Orthopogon compositus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 194. 1810
Andropogon undatus Jacq., Collectanea [Jacquin] 3: 237. 1789. Type: “Crescit in insula Mauritii.”
Panicum undatum (Jacq.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 264. 1841
Panicum lanceolatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 17. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Misit opt. Koenig.”
Echinochloa lanceolata (Retz.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 476. 1817
Oplismenus decompositus Nees, Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 19. 1833. Type: India; Wight 62 (NY).
Oplismenus elatior (L. f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 169. 1812
Oplismenus jacquinii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 44. 1829
Orthopogon pratensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 306. 1824 (“1825”). Lectotype: Mauritius; St. Vincent 43(B-W). LT designated by H. Scholz in Phan. Monogr. 13: 100. 1981.
Oplismenus pratensis (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. I 597. 1827
Orthopogon junghuhnii Nees in Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 444. 1857 (“1855”). Type: Java; Junghuhn s.n.
Orthopogon longeracemosus (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 443. 1857(“1855”)
Orthopogon remotus Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 181. 1820
Orthopogon sylvaticus (Lam.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 443. 1857(“1857”)
Panicum sylvaticum Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 4(2): 733. 1798. Type: “Cette plante croit naturellement a I’llsle-de-france dans les bois, ou elle a été recueillie par Commerson.” Mauritius; P. Commerson s.n. (L).
Oplismenus sylvaticus (Lam.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 481. 1817
Panicum aristatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787. Type: “E China adduxit plur. Rever. D. Wennerberg.” China; *Wennerberg s.n. *(LD).
Panicum bidentulum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 45. 1853. Lectotype: Rebo Running; Nees s.n. (B). LT designated by Scholz in Phan. Monogr. 13: 86. 1981. (vide TROPICOS)
Panicum certificandum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 44. 1853. Type: India: Bengal; Rottler 869 (M).
Panicum longeracemosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 45. 1853. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 915 & 919
Panicum peninsulanum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 44. 1853. Type: India; Rottler s.n.
Oplismenus lanceolatus (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 45. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg for Andropogon undatus
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Sri Lanka]. Pantropical.
Habit. Not recorded.
**687. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 171 1812 **
Panicum undulatifolium Ard., Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt. 14, t. 4. 1764. Type: “invento in Jamaica a Clariss. Brown”; Arduino s.n. (M).
Orthopogon undulatifolius (Ard.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 306. 1824 (“1825”)
*Panicum barbifultum *Hochst. ex Schltdl., Linnaea 31(3): 307. 1861. Type: India: Orissa, “in silvis pr. Kaity mont. Nilagir”, *E. Hohenacker 1279 *(US-1445121).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Not recorded.
**Ottochloa Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 54. 1931 **
Hemigymnia Stapf in D. Prain, Fl. Trop. Africa 9: 741. 1920, non Griff. (1842)
**Type. **Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy (Panicum nodosum Kunth).
**688. Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 55. 1931 **
Panicum nodosum Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 97. 1833
Panicum arnottianum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 59. 1853. Type: India orientalis; Wight s.n. Java, Sri Lanka
Hemigymnia arnottiana (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 742. 1920
Ottochloa arnottiana (Nees Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 55. 1931
Panicum multinode J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 303. 1830, non Lam., 1798. Type: “Habitat ad Sorzogon Luzoniae.” Philippine Islands: Luzon, Sorsogon Province; Haenke s.n. (US-80779)
Hemigymnia multinodis Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 742. 1920, in obs., nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Panicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Panicum miliaceum L. LT designated by Nash in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 134. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 229. 1920.
**689. Panicum antidotale Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787 **
Type. “Colitur in hortis Malabarorum. Honor. Koening.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD)
**Distribution. **Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**690. Panicum atrosanguineum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 375. 1850–1851 **
Panicum hydaspicum Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 207. 1862. Type: “Rechnab Bar.” [Flor. Mallica]
**Type. **“Crescit in locis humidis convallis fluvii Tacazze, prope Tchelatcheranne, mense Augusto, Schimper, in pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. III 1709.” Ethiopia: Djeladjeranne; August 13, 1840; Schimper 1709 (P).
Distribution. Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**691. Panicum bisulcatum Thunb., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 7: 141. 1815 **
Panicum acroanthum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 87. 1854. Lectotype: Anonymous 2 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 188. 1996. “Hrbr. Mus. Lugd. Batav. (sub Milium globosum Thunb. quod non est.). Japonia.”
Panicum melananthum F. Muell., Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 47. 1855. Type: Australia: Victoria, Ovens River, “On wet, sandy, or gravelly banks of the Ovens and King River”; February, 1853; F. von Mueller s.n.(L).
Panicum coloratum sensu F. Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 8: 192. 1872–1874, non L., 1767
Syntypes. Japan; 1808; *Thunberg s.n., 1817, 1818 *(UPS).
Distribution. Northeast India [China].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Distribution in India not recorded.
**692. Panicum brevifolium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 **
Isachne tricarinata Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 476. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n.
Panicum tricarinatum (Roth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 94. 1854
Panicum arborescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753, p.p. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 1: 30, No. 43 (BM-000621336). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000.
Panicum biflorum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 174. 1791 (as “biflore”). Type: “Lieu nat. l’lsle de France. Tige ram. Panicule mediocre. Le cal. m’a paru univalve.”
Panicum dubium Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 4: 743. 1798, nom. superfl & illeg. for P. bilforum
Panicum gladiatum Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 12: 170. 1862. Type: “Brasilia; culta in c.r. hort. Schonbr.”
Panicum ovalifolium Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 279. 1816. Type: “Cette plante croit en Guinee.” Hb. Desvaux in Hb. Lamarck (P).
Panicum trichopiptum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 85. 1854. Type: Bahia, Senegamb. Guadaloupe.
Panicum guineense Desv. ex Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 279. 1816, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.64 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 496. 1982.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [China].
Habit. Annual.
**693. Panicum coloratum L., Mant. Pl. 30. 1767 **
Panicum coloratum L. var. glaucum Jauhar, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65:520. 1968
Type. “Habitat in Cairi. Forskohl.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.46 (LINN). LT designated by Zuloaga in Görts-van Rijn (ed.), Fl. Guianas, ser. A, 8: 384. 1990.
Distribution. Delhi, Rajasthan [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). Native range not recorded.
**694. Panicum curviflorum Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 116. 1819 var. **curviflorum
Panicum trypheron Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 244. 1824. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n.
Panicum roxburghii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 320. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis
Panicum tenellum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 309. 1820, non Lam., 1791
Panicum miliaceum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 360. 1864, non L., 1753
Neotype. India: Herb. Roxburgh, cultivated in Copenhagen in 1818, from seed obtained from Wallich as Panicum tenellum Roxb. which in turn were collected from plants cultivated in the Calcutta Bot. Gardens (BM). NT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 34(1): 79. 1989.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**695. Panicum curviflorum Horenem var. suishaense (Hayata) Veldkamp, Blumea 34(1): 81–82. 1989 **
Panicum suishaense Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6, Suppl. 98. 1917. Type: Japan: Suisha; August, 1912; Hayata s.n. (TI).
Panicum elegantissimum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 52. 1896. Type: Malay Peninsula: Perak; Ridley 3116 (K).
Panicum papuanum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (Beibl. 125): 6. 1921. Type: New Guinea: Waigiou; Lesson, A° 1825 in Hb. Kunth (B).
Distribution. Bihar [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**696. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 48. 1803 **
Type. USA. “Hab. in occidentalibus montium Alleghanis”, Michaux s.n.
Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; possibly native to North America.
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Distribution in India not recorded.
**697. Panicum deccanense Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 405, f. 2. 1980 **
Type. India: Nanded, Degloor; September 24, 1974; Patunkar 2450a (Marathwada University Herbarium).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Not recorded.
**698. Panicum fischeri Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 257–258. 1956 **
Type. India: Madras State, Nilgiris, Kullar, alt. 2500 ft.; October, 1889; J.S. Gamble 21338 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**699. Panicum flexuosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 9. 1783 **
Panicum psilopodium Trin. var. coloratum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 46. 1896. Type: India: Simla and Garhwal, up to 6000 ft., Mt. Abu; Duthie s.n.
Type. “In Agris Oryzaceis passim obvenientem habui ab amiosiss”; Koenig s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Not recorded.
**700. Panicum garadei Sundararagh. & Karthik., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1–4): 146. 1983(“1982”) **
Type. India: Karnataka, Dharwar; September 17, 1907; L.D. Garade s.n. (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka.
**Habit. **Not recorded.
**701. Panicum gardneri Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 359. 1864 **
Isachne gardneri (Thwaites) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 26. 1896
Type. Sri Lanka: Central Province, alt. upto 4000 ft.; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 894 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**702. Panicum hippothrix K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 103. 1895 **
Isachne obscurans Woodrow, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 23: 161. 1898
Panicum obscurans (Woodrow) Stapf ex Woodrow, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 434. 1901
Type. Ghasal, Quellengebiet, Muva; Holst no. 3177?? (K).
**Distribution. **Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**703. Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 53–54. 1896 **
Panicum perakense (Hook. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C.11: 52. 1916.
Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. var. perakense Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 54. 1896. Type: Malaysia: Perak; King’s Collector 2546 (K).
Lectotype. India: Assam, Goalpara; *Buchanan-Hamilton in *Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8721 (K). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 193. 1996.
Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha. [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**704. Panicum humile Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 84. 1854 **
Panicum watense Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34(1): 146–147. 1904. Type: “Senegambien, auf uberschwemmten Flachen bei Wato”; Leprieur s.n. (B).
Panicum austroasiaticum Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11(1): 45. 1942 (as “austro-asiaticum”), nom. illeg. superfl.
Panicum vescum R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 452. 1945, nom. illeg. & superfl.
Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3243 (P). B, K, US.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orisssa, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Not recorded.
**705. Panicum incisum Munro ex C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 84. t. 33. 1889 **
**Type. **“Nambre Forest, ..”[India: Assam], “in Griffith Kew, n. 6505.” Naga Hills; C.B. Clarke no. 40799 (K).
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland.
Habit. Perennial.
**706. Panicum johnii S.M. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83: 184. f. 3. 1986 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Savantwadi, Sateli; September 5, 1980; S.M. Almeida 2597 (BLAT).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Not recorded.
**707. Panicum khasianum Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 54. 1896 **
Lectotype. India: Khasia Hills, in marshes, 4000–6000 ft.; Griffith 6498 (K). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 194. 1996.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**708. Panicum laevifolium Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier 3(8): 378. 1895 **
Syntypes. South Africa: Transvaal, Pretoria, Kuduspoort; *Rehmann 4697 *(W). South Africa: Transvaal, Boshveld inter Elandsriver et Klippan; Rehmann 5123 (W). South Africa: Transvaal, Hogge Veld inter Porter et Trigardsfont; *Rehmann 6614 *(W). South Africa: Transvaal, Donkershoek; Rehmann 6552 (W).
Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Native to South Africa.
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**709. Panicum luzonense J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 308. 1830 **
Panicum cambogiense Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 142. 1890. Lectotype: Cambodia; Godefroy 62. LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 195. 1996.
Panicum cruciabile Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20(3): 309. 1939
Panicum reticulatum Thwaites ex Trimen, J. Bot. 23: 271. 1885, non Torr., 1852. Type: “Habitat Broders of paddy-fields, Hewessee, Pasdun Korle; August, 1865; Thwaites s.n. (Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3890 in Herb. Perad.)
Panicum caesium sensu Hook. f., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 97. 1850, non Nees, 1836
Type. Philippine Islands: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (PR). ISOTYPE, US.
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam [Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**710. Panicum miliaceum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753 **
Milium panicum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Milium no. 1. 1768.
Panicum asperrimum Fisch., Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki 3. 1812. Type: “Cultivated in the garden of the University at Vienna from seed received from Count Razoumovsky of Gorenki [near Moscow]”
Panicum densepilosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 72. 1853. Type: Japan
Milium esculentum Moench, Methodus (Moench) 203. 1794, nom. superfl.
Panicum milium Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 83. 1805, nom. illeg. & superf. for Panicum miliaceum
Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.49 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 282. 1988.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Widely cultivated in many parts of the world.
**711. Panicum nehruense Jauhar & Joshi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8(1): 97, f. A. 1966 **
**Type. **Plant obtained originally from Australia and grown in Jodhpur; P.P. Jauhar 9 (HCIO).
Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Australia].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**712. Panicum notatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 18. 1786–1787 **
Panicum montanum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 315. 1820. Type: India: Circar Mountains; Roxburgh 813 (BM).
Type. “In Sumatra lectum dedit nuper nominatus D. Wennerberg.” Indonesia: Sumatra; *Wennerberg *(LD).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**713. Panicum paianum Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 407. 1980 var. **paianum
Type. India: Madhya Pradesh, Nanded, Rajgarh; October 26, 1974; Patunkar 2430a (Marathwada University Herbarium).
Distribution. Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**714. Panicum paianum Naik & Patunkar var. minor Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 409. 1980 **
Type. India; Patunkar 2439a (Marathwada University Herbarium).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**715. Panicum paludosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 310. 1820 **
Panicum decompositum var. paludosum (Roxb.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 105. 1885
Panicum proliferum var. paludosum (Roxb.) Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 407. 1899
Panicum repens var. paludosum (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 363. 1898
Panicum proliferum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 50. 1896, non Lam., 1797
Type. India: Circar Mountains; Roxburgh 806 (BM). CAL, K.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**716. Panicum phoiniclados Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 403, f. 1. 1980 **
Type. Nanded. Gamkgaon; November 17, 1974; Patunkar 2468a (Marathwada University Herbarium).
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**717. Panicum repens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 87. 1762 **
Panicum arenarium Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 82. 1804. Type: “Habitat in arenosis subhumidis, occurrit in Algarbiis, ultra Tagum, et Passim ad Mundam in agris Conimbricensibs.”
Panicum convolutum P. Beauv. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 319. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Guinea; *A.M. Palisot de Beauvois Hb. Willdenow 18855 *(B).
Panicum ischaemoides Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787. Type: “Vulgatissimum Malabariae in udis ad margines ftagnorum gramen, proceritate reliqua Panica excedens. Cel. Koenig.” India: Malabraiae; Koenig s.n. (LD).
Panicum leiogonum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 3: 51. 1812. Type: Africa: Damietta
Type. “Habitat in Hispania? inde missum a Claud. Alstroemer.” Lectotype: Alstroemer 2a, Herb. Linn. No. 80.47 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock & Chase in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 15: 85. 1910.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**718. Panicum sarmentosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 311. 1820 **
Panicum incomtum Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 200. 1826. Type: Philippine Islands: Manila; Chamisso in Hb. Trinius 0760.02 (LE).
Type. Indonesia: Sumatra, brought into Botanic Garden in 1804 by Dr. Charles Campbell; Roxburgh 1778 (HOLOTYPE, BM). ISOTYPES CAL, K.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**719. Panicum sparsicomum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 83. 1854 **
Agrostis zeylanica Klein ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 83. 1854, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Cyrtococcum sparsicomum (Nees) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921
Type. Sri Lanka; Klein s.n., Wight s.n.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**720. Panicum sumatrense Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 434. 1817 **
Panicum psilopodium Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 217. 1826. Lectotype: *Lindley sub P. ramosum *Koem (LE). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 206. 1996.
Panicum sumatrense Roth ssp. psilopodium (Trin.) de Wet., J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 30(2): 162. 1983
Panicum miliare Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173. 1791 (as “miliaire”). Type: “Lieu nat. Inde” India; Sonnerat s.n. (P-LAM).
Type. Indonesia: Sumatra; *Heyne in Hb. Roth s.n. *(B). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 205. 1996.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**721. Panicum turgidum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18–19. 1775 **
Type. “In desertis Kahirinis Arab. Bockar.” Egypt: Cairo, Kahirini desert; 1761–1762; Forsskal s.n. (C).
Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**722. Panicum virgatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 **
Milium virgatum (L.) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 212. 1915
Eatonia purpurascens Rafin., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 104. 1819. Type: USA: New York, Long Island; Coll. Ukn. s.n.
Panicum coloratum Walter, Fl. Carol. 73. 1788, non L., 1767
Panicum giganteum Scheele, Linnaea 22: 340–341. 1849. Type: “In trockenen felsigen Flusebett des Cibolo zwischen San Antonio und Neubraunfels”; Lindheimer s.n.
Panicum glaberrimum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 94. 1854. Type: “Cultum ex H. Berol. sem. 1840. sub. Ichnantus glaber. Link. Am. sptr.”
Panicum kunthii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Centr.- Amer., Bot. 3: 490. 1885, non Steud., 1841
Chasea virgata (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 64. 1911 [Generic name invalidly published.]
Panicum pruinosum Bernh. ex Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 191. 1826 (as “pruinosi”), nom. nud.
Type. “Habitat in Virginia.” Lectotype: Clayton 578, Herb. Linn. No. 80.61 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 118. 1908.
Distribution. India [North America, South America]. Native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. It is unclear if this species is naturalized in India or only cultivated.
**Pseudechinolaena Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 494. 1919 **
**Type. **Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf (Echinolaena polystachya Kunth).
**723. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 495. 1919 **
*Echinolaena polystachya *Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 119 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: Colombia; *Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. *(P). “Crescit in ripa fluminis Magdalenae inter Tenerife et Zambrano.”
Echinolaena trinii Zoll. & Moritz, Syst. Verz. (Zollinger) 102. 1846. Type: “Panicum uncinatum Trin, V.3. non Brown”
Lappago aliena Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 15. 1822. Type: “Hab. in Brasilia”; Zeyher s.n.
Panicum uncinatum Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 41–42. 1823. Lectoype: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro “Invenitur cum precedenti, in sylvaticis prope Catumby, non procul ab Urbe Rio de Janeiro”; Raddi s.n. (PI). LT designated by Baldini & Longhi-Wagner Taxon 55(2): 477. 2006
Panicum heteranthum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 212. 1827. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia.”
Panicum nemorosum sensu Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 173. 1826, non Sw., 1788
Panicum glandulosum Nees ex Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 174. 1826, nom. nud.
Panicum polystachyum (Kunth) K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 103. 1895, non A. Rich ex Kunth, 1833, nec J. Presl & C. Presl, 1828.
Distribution. Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Pseudoraphis Griff. ex Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 **
**Lectotype. **Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Wall. & Griff.) Griff. ex Pilg. (Panicum brunonianum Wall. & Griff.) LT Designated by Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 272. 1941.
**724. Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Wall. & Griff.) Griff. ex Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 **
Panicum brunonianum Wall. & Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 574. 1836. Type: Bangladesh (“Bengal”): Sylhet District, near Goalnuyar; September 28, 1835 (locality uncertain); W. Griffith 6559 (L). “Hab. In aquis leniter currentibus profundis plagarum Bheels dictarum prope Goalna.” (vide Tropicos).
Chamaeraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Poir. var. brunoniana (Wall. & Griff.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 62. 1896
Panicum intermedium Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 29. 1851, nom. invalid.
Holcus natans Roxb. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 62. 1896, nom. nud.
Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Odisha, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**725. Pseudoraphis minuta (Mez) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 **
Chamaeraphis minuta Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7(63): 48. 1917. Syntypes: Vietnam: Bengalia inferior prope Daccar; *C.B. Clarke 17040 *(B). Vietnam: Tonkin, prope Hanoi ad paludum margines; *B. Balansa 1593, 1592, 4779 *(P). Burma; Kurz s.n. Cachar; Keenan s.n.
Chamaeraphis gracilis sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 62. 1896, non Hack., 1885
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**726. Pseudoraphis sordida (Thwaites) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen. Novon 13: 469. 2003 **
Panicum sordidum Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 443. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Columbo, G. Thwaites C. P. 3857 (K)
*Pseudoraphis spinescens *(R. Br.) Vickery var. depauperata (Nees ex Hook.f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 354. 1960.
Distribution. West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**727. Pseudoraphis squarrosa (L.f.) Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20(3): 313. 1939 **
Andropogon squarrosus L. f., Suppl. Pl. 433. 1782 (“1781”) (as “squarrosum”). Type: “Habitat circa Zeylonam natans supra stagna profundiora rarior.” Koenig s.n.
Anatherum squarrosum (L.f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 151. 1812
Echinochloa squarrosa (L.f.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 479. 1817.
Orthopogon squarrosus (L.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 307. 1824 (“1825”)
Chamaeraphis squarrosa (L.f.) Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 203. 1925
Panicum spinescens R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 193. 1810. Type: Australia: New South Wales, near Port Jackson; R. Brown s.n. (BM).
Chamaeraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 2: 189. 1811
Pseudoraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Vickery, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 62: 69. 1952 (“1950”)
Panicum abortivum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 193. 1810. Type: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.”
Chamaeraphis abortiva (R. Br.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 2: 189. 1811
Orthopogon abortivus (R. Br.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel]1: 306. 1824 (“1825”)
Pseudoraphis abortiva (R. Br.) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928
Pseudoraphis aspera Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928
Chamaeraphis aspera Nees, Numer. List. (Wallich). no. 8679. 1849
Panicum squarrosum (L.f.) Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 4: 733. 1798, non Retz., 1786
Panicum asperum J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 209. 1788, non Lam., 1778. Type: India: Calcutta; January, 1785; J. Koenig s.n.
Chamaeraphis spinosa P. Beauv. ex Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 253. 1824, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. It is unclear whether the name for this species should be Pseudoraphis squarrosa, based on Andropogon squarrosus as noted here, or P. spinescens. Bor (1960) suggests that A. squarrosus may be a nom. confusum. If so, then the basionym Panicum**spinescens R. Br. would take priority.
**Sacciolepis Nash, Man. Fl. N. States (Britton) 89. 1901 **
**Type. **Sacciolepis gibba (Elliott) Nash (Panicum gibbum Elliott).
**728. Sacciolepis curvata (L.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 8. 1908 **
Panicum curvatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 732. 1767. Type: “Habitat in Suratte.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.60 (LINN). LT designated by Simon in Kew Bull. 27: 390. 1972.
Panicum coryophorum Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 387. t. 107. 1831. Type: “Crescit in Madagascaria”; *A. Petit-Thours s.n. *(P).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**729. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 8. 1908 var. **indica
Aira indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63 (“spicata”), Errata (“indicum”). 1753. Type: “Habitat ad villas et plateas Indiae orientalis. Koenig.” Neotype: Sri Lanka. Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnagsura District; October 22, 1974; Davidse 7871 (K). NT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000.
Hymenachne indica (L.) Buese, Pl. Jungh. 377. 1854
Panicum angustum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3: t. 334. 1835. Type: “Figura ad specimen Nepalense”
Panicum indicum Mill. var. angustum (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 42. 1896
Panicum arcuatum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 189. 1810. Type: “littoral tropical New Holland”; Banks s.n.
Panicum conglomeratum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 324. 1771. Type: “Habitat [in India.] Sp. Pl. 1: 63 (1753)” Neotype: Sri Lanka: Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnagsura District; October 22, 1974; Davidse 7871 (K). Neotype designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000.
Panicum contractum Wight. & Arn. ex Nees, Linnaea 10 (Litt.-Ber.): 117. 1836. Type: “Hab. in Penins. Ind. ord. Seminiferum exemplum e China retulit co. Meyen.”
Panicum indicum Mill. var. brachiatum Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 148. 1900. Type: Abundant throughout the hotter parts of the Island; Peradeniya; Thwaites s.n.
Panicum microstachyum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791, nom superfl. & illeg.? Type: “Ex India. Sonner An P. curvatum L.”
Panicum phalarioides Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 452. 1817 [as “phalaroides” in IPNI and Tropicos]. Type: “Specimen nostrum nominee Phalarides insignitum Lahaye attulit e Java.”
Sacciolepis spicata Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3(1): 261. 1930, invalid
Panicum myuros Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791 (as “myruos”). Type: “Ex America merid. Comm. A D. Richard.” French Guiana; *D. LeBlond s.n. *(P-LA).
Panicum indicum (L.) L., Mant. Pl. Altera 184. 1771, nom. later hom. & illeg., non Mill., 1768
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**730. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase var. intermedia Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(1): 184–185. 1986 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Savantwadi, Charatha; December 31, 1977; *S.M. Almeida 1393. *
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**731. Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 757. 1920 **
Hymenachne interrupta (Willd.) Buese, Pl. Jungh. 377. 1854
Panicum interruptum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 341. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Indiae stagnis.”
Panicum inundatum Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 34. 1829, nom. illeg. superfl.
Panicum uliginosum Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 50. 1821. Type: “Heyne ex India Orientali.”
Panicum indicum sensu Hack. in Bol. Soc. Brot. 5: 210. 1887, non L., 1771
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**732. Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) Chase ex E.G. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 460. 1922 **
Hymenachne myosuroides (R. Br.) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 143. 1890
Panicum myosuroides R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 189. 1810. Type: “Littora novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar].
**Habit. **Annual.
Setaria P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 178. 1812, nom. cons.
**Type. **Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (Panicum viride L.), type cons.
**733. Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829 **
Panicum barbatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. Type: “Ex Insula Franciae.” Mauritius; P. Commerson s.n. (P).
Chaetochloa barbata (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 348. 1917
Panicum costatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 314. 1820. Type: “Introduced into the Botanical Garden from the Mauritius, by Captain Tennant, in 1802.”
Chamaeraphis costata (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891
Chamaeraphis viatica Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 770. 1891
Panicum basisetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: “Jardin legit in Guinea.”
Setaria basiseta (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz]. 5: 772. 1894
Panicum rarisetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: “Ins. Borbonia et var. minor Ins. Maurit. Siber hrbr. Mixt. Nr. 144.”
Panicum rhachitrichum Hochst., Flora 27: 254. 1844. Type: “Habitat agros in Nubiae provincia Cordofan.” Sudan; Kotschyi, in pll. exsicc. Un. it. ex Kotschyi itin. Nubico s.n.
Setaria rachitricha (Hochst.) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 188. 1899. Type: Sudan. Nubia, Prov. Cordofan, C.G.T. Kotschy s.n. (isotypes, BR!, M!, P!, TUB)
Setaria costata Stapf, Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 10: 250. 1919, nom. nud.
Panicum flavescens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 56. 1896, non Sw., 1788
Panicum viaticum Salzm. ex Doell, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 155. 1877, non Griff. (1851), nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**734. Setaria flavida (Retz.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39(1–2): 376. 1994 **
Panicum flavidum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “E Zeylona misit honor Koenig.” Sri Lanka; Koenig s.n. (LD).
Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 419. 1922
Panicum granulare Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791. Type: “Ex ins. Francis”; Commerson s.n.
Panicum distans Trinius, Sp. Gram. 2(15): tab. 172. 1829
Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus var. *distans *(Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 29. 1896
*Paspalidium distans *(Trin.) Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 317. 1923
*Setaria distans *(Trin.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39: 376. 1994
Panicum floridum Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 420. 1840, nom. nud,
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**735. Setaria forbesiana (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 81. 1896 **
Panicum forbesianum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 98. 1854. Type: Nepal: up to 5000 ft.; Royle 31
Setaria dubia B.J. Keng & Y.K. Ma, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2 (4): 421. 1980
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha. [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**736. Setaria geminata (Forssk.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39(1–2): 377. 1994 **
Panicum geminatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18. 1775. Type: “Rofettae in pratis ad littoral Nili.” Egypt: Rashid; November 2–6, 1761; Forrskal s.n. (C).
Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 583. 1920
Digitaria affinis Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 470. 1817. Type: “In Santa Fe de Bogota Ab amiciss. Zea nobiscum communicate.”
Panicum affine (Roem. & Schult.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 113. 1829
Paspalum appressum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. Syntypes: Isle de France (Mauritius), *Commerson s.n. *(syntype, P-LA, isosyntype, US-2941981, fragment ex P-LA).
Digitaria appressa (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805
Panicum appressum (Lam.) Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 184. 1877, non Forssk., 1775
Panicum beckmanniiforme J. C. Mikan ex Trin., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 83. 1821 (as “beckmanniaeforme”). Type: “Hab. in Brasilia.” (LE).
Panicum briziforme J. Presl in C.B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 302. 1830 (as “brizaeforme”). Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Lectotype: Philippines: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (MO, US-80492 (fragm.)). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 39: 377. 1994.
Panicum fluitans Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 8. 1783. Type: “Misit Claris Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. in Herb. Retzius (LD). holotype, LD neg. 7008 K; isotypes, BM, K, fragment).
Panicum paspaloides Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 81. 1805. Type: “Hab. in India.”
Panicum truncatum Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 130. 1826. Syntypes: India orientalis; Lindley s.n. Egypt; Sieber 28. Brazil; Nees ab Esenbeck s.n.
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**737. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 26: 78. 1919 var. **homonyma
Panicum homonymum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 48. 1853. Type: “herb. Royle nr. 47” Nepal; Royle 47(P). holotype, P; isotype, K!, photo SI!)
Panicum chamaeraphis Nees ex A. Braun., Index Sem. (Berlin) 1855 App. p. 20, non Trin., 1835
Panicum thollonii Franchet, Contr. Fl. Congo Franç.: 43. 1895
Setaria thollonii (Franchet) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 267. 1927. Lectotype: Democratic Republic of the Congo. “Congo Français: dans les sables de Brazzaville”, 1887, M. Thollon 826 (P!, photo SI!; duplicates, K!, photo SI!)
*Panicum bongaense *Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33 : 44. 1902
*Setaria bongaensis *(Pilger) Mez, Wiss. Erg. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped., Bot. 2: 20. 1922. Lectotype: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bonga, Jul 1899, *A. Schlechter 12647 *(BR!; isolectotypes, G!, L!, US-1445616).
*Setaria aequalis *Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 267. 1927. Type: Tanzania. Kilimanjaro: Marangu, 1500 m, Sep 1893, G. Volkens 914 (holotype, K!, photo SI!; isotype, E)
*Setaria kialaensis *Vanderyst, Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 16: 682. 1925. Lectotype (designated here): Democratic Republic of the Congo. Boko-Nzadi, 1916, H. Vanderyst 6105 (BR!, photo SI!; duplicate BR, photo SI!)
*Setaria lancea *Stapf ex Massey, Sudan Grasses: 34. 1926. Type: Sudan. Mongalla, 7 Apr 1907, Brown 1114 (K!).
*Setaria microprolepis *Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 849. 1930. Type: Angola. Cungulungulo, F. Welwitsch 7176 (BM, K!, fragment).
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**738. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. var. depauperata Babu, Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun 642. 1977 **
Type. India: Uttarakhand, Dehra Dun, Robber’s cave; C.R. Babu 33485 (BSD).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**739. Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 489. 1817 **
Panicum intermedium (Roem. & Schult.) Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 47–48. 1821, non Vahl, 1813
Panicum tomentosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 303. 1820. Type: “This is a delicate, rare species, found growing in tufts, or dry pasture ground over various parts of India.” Type: India. Herb. Roxburgh s.n. (holotype, BM!, isotypes, CAL!, K, Icon. Ined. 789!; K, Icon. Ined. 787!).
Setaria tomentosa (Roxb.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829
Type. “In India orientali; B. Heyne s.n.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**740. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 170, 178. 1812 **
Panicum italicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356-242 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000.
Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 39. 1897
Chamaeraphis italica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 767. 1891
Ixophorus italicus (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 423. 1895
Pennisetum italicum (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 195. 1810
Panicum germanicum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Panicum no. 1. 1768. Type: German Panic C.B. P. 27
Chaetochloa germanica (Mill.) Smyth, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 25: 89. 1913
Pennisetum germanicum (Mill.) Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277. 1816
Setaria germanica (Mill.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51. t. 13. 169, 178. 1812
Panicum italicum L. var. californicum Körn. & H. Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 273. 1885. Type: “Als Kalifornische Kolbenhirse.”
Setaria californica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 1: 26. 1873. Type: USA: from the head Valley of the Sacramento River; Dosh s.n.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. germanica (Mill.) Schrad., Linnaea 12: 430. 1838
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subvar. condensa F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 195. 1915. Type: South Asia: Assam, Hathegaon, May 1902, Chatterjee s.n. (holotype, GH!).
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. purpureoseta F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 194. 1915. Type: India. Almona, Kumaon, elevation above the sea 5500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom 3 (holotype, GH!).
*Setaria italica *(L.) P. Beauv. fo. brachychaeta F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 192. 1915. Type: India. Mont. Khasia,. Hooker & Thompson s.n. (holotype, GH!).
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. bruneoseta F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2 192. 1915. Type: Philippines, Mendez Nuñez, Prov. Of Cavite, Luzon, Aug. 1906, Bureau of Science 1344*(L. Mangubat)* (holotype, GH!).
Panicum comosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53. 1853
Setaria comosa (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468. 1857. Type: Cuming 489 (holotype, P!; isotype, K!).
Setaria itieri Delile, Ind. Sem. Hort. Monap. Sci. Nat., ser. 3,12: 366. 1849. Type: Egypt. “Setaria italica major. Ex aegypto semina secum attulit et communicavit clarissimus Itier, qui uborrimum opus scripsit “Voyage in la Chine,” 2 vol. in -8 Paris, 1848.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Annual.
**741. Setaria palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 186. 1914 **
Panicum palmifolium J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 208. 1788. Type: Thailand; J. Koenig s.n. (US-978043 (fragm. ex FI)). (as” palmaefolium”) holotype, K!; isotypes, C?, FI, US-978043! fragment ex FI).
Chamaeraphis palmifolia (J. Koenig) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891*.*
*Panicum palmifolium *Willd. ex Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 4: 282. 1816, non J. Koenig (1788). Type: “Le lieu natal de cette plante n’est pas connu. (V.S. in herb. Desfont.)”.
Chaetochloa palmifolia (Willd. ex Poir.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 348. 1917
*Panicum plicatum *Willd., Enum. Pl.: 1033. 1809, non Lam. (1791).
Panicum neurodes Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 228. 1824. Type: Nepal: Buchanan s.n.
Panicum neurodes Schult. var. roxburghianum A. Braun, Index Sem. (Berol.), App.: 20. 1855. Type: ‘In Nepalia (Wallich No. 8702 in herb. Nees ab E.), prope Courtallum (No. 1014) et in Bengalia prope Sillet (No. 8702 in herb. Kunth).’
*Panicum sulcatum *Aubl. var. roxburghianum (A. Braun) A. Braun ex K. Schuman & Lauterb., Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 178. 1900
Chamaeraphis neurodes (Schult.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891.
Panicum plicatum Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1033. 1809, non Lam., 1791. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.”
Panicum nervosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 314. 1820, non Lam., 1791. Type: “From Nepal Dr. Buchanan sent the seed to the Botanical Garden, where the plants blossomed in October, just one year from the time the seed was sown.”
Panicum lene Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 54. 1853. Type: Java: Zollinger 815.
Setaria lenis (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468. 1857
Panicum neurodes Schult. var. lene (Steud.) A. Braun, Index Sem. (Berol.), App.: 20. 1855
Chamaeraphis**setosa (Sw.) Kuntze var. lenis (Steud.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 769. 1891. Type: Java. Tjikoja, *Zollinger 815 *(holotype, P; isotype, G).
Panicum sulcatum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 50. 1775. Type: “Croît su bord des rivieres.” Drawing by Plumier (P).
Chaetochloa sulcata (Aubl.) Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17: 260. 1913
Chamaeraphis sulcata (Aubl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 770. 1891
Setaria sulcata (Aubl.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 30: 108. 1924, non Raddi, 1823
*Chaetochloa palmifolia *(Kuntze) Hitchcock & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 348, nom. superfl. 1917.
Panicum nepalense Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 321. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl.
Chamaeraphis nepalensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891, nom. superfl.
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Zuloaga notes that citations of Setaria paniculifera (Steud.) E. Fourn. ex Hemsley from India are erroneous, because that species is not present in the Old World. Material listed under this name should correspond to S. palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf. See also Morrone et al. (2014). Record for Nagaland fide Naithani (1990).
**742. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen, Lejeunia, n.s. 120: 161. 1987 **
Cenchrus parviflorus Poir., Encycl. 6: 52. 1804
Pennisetum parviflorum (Poir.) Trin., Gram. Panic.: 65. 1826
*Chaetochloa corrugata *var. parviflora (Poir.) Scribn. & Merr., U.S.D.A. Div. Agrostol. Rep. Agrostol. 21: 24, t. 12. 1900
Chaetochloa parviflora (Poir.) Scribn., Field Columbian Mus. Publ. 2: 26. 1900
*Pennisetum indicum *subvar. *parviflora *(Poir.) Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 19. 1907. Type: Puerto Rico. Without locality, without collector (holotype, P-LA, photo US-3049717!).
Setaria geniculata P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 169, 178. 1812
*Panicum geniculatum *Lam., Encycl. 4: 727 [737]. 1798, non *Setaria *P. Beauv. 1812. Type: Leeward Islands: Guadeloupe (type not located).
Pennisetum geniculatum (Lam.) Jacq., Ecl. Gram. Rar. 2: 37. t. 26. 1820
Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. fo. *ictura *Buse in Miq., Pl. Jungh. 3: 29 (preprint: Feb 1854); 369 (Aug 1854)
Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. var. ictura Jansen, Reinwardtia 2: 340. 1953. Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (designated by Veldkamp in sched., L-908.94-1139!).
Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. subtessellata Buse in Miq., Pl. Jungh. 3: 29 (preprint: Feb 1854); 369 (Aug 1854). Lectotype: Indonesia. Without locality, Junghuhn s.n. (designated by Veldkamp, Blumea 39: 380.1994, L-903.342-138!).
*Setaria fieldingii *Müll. Hal, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 323. 1861. Type: J.F. Fielding s.n. (isotype, SING!).
Setaria laeta de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 64. 1941. Type: South Africa. Cape, Amanzi, Jan 1939, *J.M. Hector-de Wit s.n. in Herb H.C.D. de Wit 601 *(PRE, photo SI, L, photo SI).
*Setaria roemeri *Jansen, Reinwardtia 2: 340, f. 18. 1953. Type: Indonesia. New Guinea, without locality, *L.S.A.M. von Römer 611 *(L).
*Setaria montana *Reeder, J. Arn. Arbor. 29: 304, t. 3. 1948. Type: Indonesia. New Guinea, 18 km NE of Lake Habbema, Bele River, 2000 m, very abundant on old garden lands, habit ascending, Nov 1938, L.J. Brass 11488 (holotype, A; isotype, US-1761769!).
Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. var. hirtipes Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23: 109. 1968. Type: Thailand. Lamphun: en route from Ban Khun Tan to Doi Khun Tan, ca. 700 m alt., 4 Sept. 1967, Tagawa, Iwatsuki, Koyama, Fukuoka, Nalampoon & Chintayungkun 9188 (holotype, KYO; isotype, A).
Panicum berteronianum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50. 1854
Panicum flavum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 238. 1829. Type: “Campis graminosis provinciae Piauhiensis, tum in campis ad Joazeiro provinciae Pernambucensis et Bahiensis.” Lectotype: Brazil: Bahia; *K.F.P. von Martius s.n. *(M). LT designated by Pensiero in Darwiniana 37: 89. 1999.
Panicum imberbe Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 272. 1816. Type: “In America septentrionali & Brasilia.”
Setaria imberbis (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 891. 1817
Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [also in North America, South America]. Naturalized.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Probably native to the New World, but possibly Africa; see Kellogg et al. (2009). Widespread and weedy.
**743. Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 919. 1908 **
Panicum plicatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. no. 892. 1791. Type: “Cette espece est cultivee au Jardin du Museum on la dit originaire de I’lsle-de-france; d’autres pensent qu’elle a été envoyée de saint Domingue.” Cultivated in Paris, origin uncertain; Anonymous s.n. (P). Type: *Anon. *in Herb. Lamarck (‘cult. in horto Reg. parisiensis’) (holotype, P, IDC microfiche 6207, fiche 689/19; isotype, B, Herb. Willdenow 18734/3, IDC microfiche 7440; US, fragm.).
Panicum excurrens Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 89. 1827. Type: Nepal. Without locality, *Wallich s.n. *(holotype, LE; isotype, G, W).
*Setaria excurrens *(Trin.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: 275. 1867.
Setaria mauritiana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 305. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Mauritius. Without locality, Bory de Saint-Vincent s.n. (holotype, B-W-18814!).
Panicum neurodes Schult. var. blepharoneuron A. Braun, App. Gen. & Sp. Nov. Hort. Reg. Berol. 20. 1856 (“1855”). Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8703(B). holotype, B; isotypes, K, L!).
Setaria palmifolia Stapf var. blepharoneuron (A. Braun) Veldkamp, Floribunda 1(6): 22. 1988
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**744. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 891. 1817 **
Panicum pumilum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 273. 1816. Type: “J’ignore le lieu natal de cette plante. (V.s. in herb. Desfont).” locality unknown but probably France or North Africa; Desfontaines s.n. (FI, P).
Panicum pallide-fuscum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 78. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning s.n.
Setaria glauca var. pallide-fusca (Schumacher) T. Koyama, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 237. 1962
*Setaria pumila *var. *pallide-fusca *(Schumacher) B.K. Simon, Austrobaileya 2: 22. 1984. Type: Ghana. Withouth locality, P. Thonning s.n. (C, photo BM; isotype and drawing, K!).
Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 259. 1930
Setaria glauca sensu Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 326. 1931, non (L.) P. Beauv., 1812
Panicum**rubiginosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50. 1853
Setaria rubiginosa (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 467. 1857
Setaria aurea var. rubiginosa (Steud.) Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40: 233. 1931. Type: Philippines. Without locality, H. Cuming 551 (holotype, P; isotypes, G, K, L, MO).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Burma, China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**745. Setaria punctata (Burm. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39(1–2): 381. 1994 **
Panicum punctatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 26. 1768. Lectotype: India; Plukenet s.n. (BM). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 672. 1982.
Paspalidium punctatum (Burm. f.) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 419. 1922
Panicum mucronatum Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 425. 1817. Type: India; Benj. Heyne s.n. (B). “Roth Nov. Plant Spec. Mss” cited.
Paspalum aquaticum Masamune & Syozi, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 34: 303. 1944. Type: Taiwan, without collector s.n. (holotype, TAI).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**746. Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb in D. Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 795. 1930 **
Panicum sphacelatum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 78–79. 1827. Type: Ghana; *Thonning s.n. *(C, K, photo SI).
Chaetochloa aurea (Schumach.) Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 128. 1916
Panicum chrysanthum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50. 1853. Type: “Hochst hrbr. Un. It. 409.”
Panicum rudimentosum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 51. 1853. Type: “Leprieur legit in Senegalia.”
Setaria aurea Hochst. ex A.Braun, Flora 24: 276. 1841. Type: Cultivated at Karlruhe from seed collected by Schimper in Ethiopia; Schimper 409 (MO-IT).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**747. Setaria sulcata Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 50. 1823 **
Panicum poiretianum Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 229. 1824
Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829
Chaetochloa poiretiana (Schult.) Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 159. 1920
Panicum sulcatum Bertol., Opusc. Sci. 14: 230. 1820, non Aubl., 1775. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia.” Brazil: Rio de Janeiro; Raddi 17 (FI) (FI, K, US fragment & photo ex FI).
Panicum elongatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 278. 1816, non Salisb., 1796, nec Pursh 1813. Type: “Cette plante croit au Bresil”; Desfontaines s.n. (FI, K, P, fragment, US-80632).
*Panicum phyllomacrum *Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53. 1853. Type: Gabon. Without locality, E. Jardin s.n. (holotype, P, photo SI).
Setaria phyllomacra (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 773. 1895.
*Panicum prolisetum *Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: São Tomé and Príncipe. Without locality and collector (type, P, fragment and photo SI).
Setaria proliseta (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 774. 1894.
Panicum megaphyllum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53. 1853. Type: Gabon. Without locality, 1846,* E. Jardin 26* (holotype, P, photo SI; isotype, G, photo SI, US-80795, fragment ex P).
Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 773. 1894.
*Setaria macrophylla *Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 2: 550. 1854. Type: Mozambique. “An den lichten Randern hoher Walder, in Marschboden... in der Nahe von Boror, 18’ S.B.”, *A. Peter 1842-48 *(holotype, B, destroyed).
*Panicum plicatile *Hochst., Flora 38: 198. 1855. Type: Ethiopia. Without locality, 1853, G.W. Schimper in Herb. Buchinger 1456 (BR, photo SI, G, photo SI, K, photo SI, P, photo SI, STR).
Setaria plicatilis (Hochst.) Hack. ex Engler, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 2: 121. 1891.
Setaria oligochaete Schum. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 105. 1895*. *Type: Tanzania. Kilimandscharo, 1000 m, 26 Dec 1893, G. Volkens 1605 (B, photo SI, E, photo SI, G, photo SI, K).
Panicum oligochaete (Schum.) Kneucker, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst 21: 28. 1915.
*Panicum sulcatum *var. *stenophyllum *Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 46. 1902. Syntypes: Togo. Bismarckburg, 1889, *Kling 225 *(B); Angola. Huilla, May 1895, Antunes 31 (B).
Panicum plicatile var. *glabrescens *Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8: 31. 1903. Lectotype (designated here): Eritrea. Amasen, Asmara, 2400 m, Aug- Sep 1892, V. Ragazzi 43 (FT, photo SI).
*Panicum plicatile *var. *pilosum *Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 31. 1903. Type: Eritrea. Mensa, Rora Ualicaué (Ovest), 1900 m, 8 Jan 1893, *A. Terracciano & A. Pappi 670 *(FI, photo SI).
Setaria caudula Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 845. 1930. Type: Uganda. Kipayo, 4000 ft., Mar 1915, R.A. Dümmer**2416 (BR, fragment, photo SI, K, photo SI, WAG).
Setaria chevalieri Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 842. 1930. Lectotype (designated here): Gabon. Mayumba, Jan 1904, A.J.B. Chevalier 11282 (P, photo SI).
Setaria megaphylla var. chevalieri (Stapf & C.E. Hubb.) Berhaut, Fl. Senegal 2: 401. 1954.
Setaria acuta Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 846. 1930. Type: Ethiopia. Amba Sea, 2300 m, 12 Mar 1863, Schimper 789 (K, photo SI, PRE, photo SI).
Setaria insignis de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 13, 15. 1941. Type: South Africa. Cape Province, Port St. Johns, S.E. Cape, Eagle´s Nest, slope of Western Gate, 7 Feb 1924, C. Howlett 35 (holotype, PRE, photo SI, isotype, L, fragment, photo SI).
Setaria natalensis de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 19. 1941. Type: South Africa. Natal, Kwazulu-Natal, J. Buchanan 268 (holotype, NH; isotype, L, fragment, photo SI).
Type. “In marginibus fossarum udarum prope Catumby, non procul ad urbe Rio de Janeiro.” Brazil: Rio de Janeiro; Raddi 17 (FI).
**Distribution. **Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [also in Africa, North America, South America].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Probably native to the Americas.
**748. Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 171, 178. 1812 **
Panicum verticillatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 82. 1762. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi & Oriente.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.7 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 296. 1988.
Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 39. 1897
Ixophorus verticillatus (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 422. 1895
Pennisetum verticillatum (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 488. 1817 in syn.
Panicum adhaerens Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775. Type: “Hadie” Lectotype: Yemen, Al Hadiyah; 1763; *Forsskål s.n. *(LD). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 39: 383. 1994.
Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 26: 77. 1919
Panicum aparine Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: “Jardin legit in Senegambia, Despreaux in Ins. Canar.”
Pennisetum respiciens A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 379. 1850–1851. Type: Ethiopia: “Crescit in convalle fluvii Tacazze prope Tchelatchekanne, mensibus Augusto ad Octobrem (Quartin Dillon et Schimper).”
Panicum rottleri (Spreng.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 53. 1841, non Kunth 1829
Panicum asperum Lam., Fl. Franc. (Lamarck). 3: 577. 1779 (“1778”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Panicum**verticillatum
Setaria teysmannii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468. 1857. (‘teysmanni’). Type: Java., Besuki, Sumberwaru, Teysmann s.n. (holotype, U!).
Panicum adhaerens Forssk. var. *miquelii *A. Braun, Append. Gen. Sp. Hort. Berol. 1871: 7. 1872
Setaria verticillata P. Beauv. fo. miquelii (A. Braun) A. Braun ex Backer in Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind. 1: 205. 1922
Panicum verticillatum L. fo. miquelii (A. Braun) A. Braun ex Backer in Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2, 1: 204. 1927. Type: Java, 25 Nov 1843, Zollinger 2729 (isotypes, G, P).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**749. Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 171, 178. 1812 **
Panicum viride L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Europa australi.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 83. 1762” Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 80.12 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1861. 1985.
Distribution. Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Spinifex L., Mant. Pl. Altera 163, 300. 1771 **
**Type. **Spinifex squarrosus L.
**750. Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 229. 1912 **
Stipa littorea Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 29. 1768. Type: “Rompot laut Javanis” Rheed. Hort. Malab. 12. P. 143. t. 75.
Spinifex squarrosus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 300. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Indiae orientalis arenosis maritimis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1216.2 (LINN). LT designated by Heyligers in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 257. 2000.
Stipa spinifex L., Mant. Pl. 34. 1767. Type: “Habitat in Indiae arenosis maritimis.” Lectotype = “Cyperus littoreus echinato capite” in Rumphius, Herb. Amboin., 6: 6, t. 2, f. 2, 1750. LT designated by Heyligers in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 257. 2000.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Not recorded.
**Stenotaphrum Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 175. 1820 **
**Type. **Stenotaphrum glabrum Trin., nom. superfl. (Panicum dimidiatum L., Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.).
**751. Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 127. 1831 **
Panicum dimidiatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.25 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000.
Stenotaphrum glabrum Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 176. 1820
Stenotaphrum koenigii Schrank, Flora 7(2), Beil. 1: 28. 1824. Type: India; 1784; Koenig s.n.
Stenotaphrum secundatum sensu Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 327. 1931, non S. secundatum (Walter) Kuntze, 1891
Distribution. Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Trachys Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 **
**Type. Trachys mucronata Pers., nom. illeg. (Cenchrus muricatus L., Trachys muricata (L.) Trin.
**752. Trachys copeana Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Kew Bull. 62(3): 503–505. f. 1. 2007 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari District, between Kollengode and Chinnathurai, near Marthandam; September 18, 2003; K.A.A. Kabeer 117134 (CAL).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**753. Trachys deccanensis M. Anil Kumar & B.R.P. Rao. Rheedea 27(2): 79. 2017 **
Type. India, Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district, Kadivella near Yemmiganur, 16 November 2016, B. Ravi Prasad Rao, K. V. Subbaiah & M. Anil Kumar 52099 (holotype: SKU; isotype: CAL)
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
**754. Trachys muricata (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 (as “mucronata”) **
Cenchrus muricatus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Neotype: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, South Arcot, Chidambarum, Kille, Anuvampattu; Venugopal in RHT No. 21360 (K). Neotype designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000.
Trachyozus muricata (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 112. 1854
Panicum squarrosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “In arenosis Malabariae tempore pluvioso frequens”;* Koenig s.n.*
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Persoon misspelled the Linnaean epithet “muricata” as “mucronata” and used the latter in his comb. nov. (a correctable error).
**755. Trachys narasimhanii Ravich., Rheedea 23(1): 22. 2013. **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Ennore, VGP Wonderland, 15 – 22 m, 28 November 1992, P. Ravichandran & D. Narasimhan 408 (holotype: MH; isotype: K, MCCH, SPKCESH).
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**Tricholaena Schrad., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 8, 163. 1824 **
**Lectotype. **Tricholaena micrantha Schrad. (Saccharum teneriffae L. f., Tricholaena teneriffae (L. f.) Link.) LT designated by Hitchcock in Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 241. 1920.
**756. Tricholaena teneriffae (L.f.) Link, Handbuch [Link] 1: 91. 1829 **
Saccharum teneriffae L.f., Suppl. Pl. 106. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Teneriffa”; Fr. Masson s.n. (LINN).
Melinis teneriffae (L.f.) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 464. 1901
Panicum plumosum Presl, Fl. Sicul. (Presl) 1: 43(XLIII). 1826
Panicum saccharoides Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 245. 1826
Agrostis plumosa Ten., Fl. Napol. Suppl. 1: 49. 1811. Type: Italy: Naples, presumably
Tricholaena micrantha Schrad., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 163. 1824, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Saccharum teneriffae
Distribution. Karnataka, Punjab [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Urochloa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 52. 1812 **
**Type. **Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv.
**757. Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster, The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae) 223. 1987 var. **brizantha
Panicum brizanthum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 363. 1850–1851. Type: Ethiopia: Tigre: “In declivibus meridionalis partis mediae et superioris monte Sellenda prope Adouba.” October 3, 1837; *Schimper 89 *(P). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(2): 417. 1996.
Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 531. 1919
Distribution. Kerala [Papua New Guinea, Africa, North America, South America].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear if this taxon actually occurs in India or if this is a misapplication based on Brachiaria decumbens sensu Senaratna.
**758. Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster var. ciliata (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 35(1–4): 29. 1993 **
Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. ciliata Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 379. 1983
Distribution. Karnataka [Sri Lanka]. Native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**759. Urochloa chenaveeraiana (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 35(1–4): 28. 1993 **
Brachiaria chennaveeraiana Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 378. 1983
Distribution. Rajasthan.
Habit. Not recorded.
**760. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 234. 1987 **
Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 528. 1919. Syntypes: Uganda: Mengo District; Dummer 1070 (K). Tanzania, Bukoba District; Grant 488 (K).
Brachiaria brizantha sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 145. 1956, non Hochst. ex A. Rich., 1851
Distribution. Kerala, Rajasthan. Native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**761. Urochloa deflexa (Schumach.) H. Scholz, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Sér. 4, 11(4): 443. 1990 **
Panicum deflexum Schumach., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. 3: 83–84. 1827
Brachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. ex Robyns Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 9: 181. 1932 (“1931”)
Pseudobrachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) Launert, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 8: 158. 1970
Brachiaria regularis (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 544. 1919
Panicum regulare Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 41. 1841, in obs. Type: “Patria Guinea. Vidi in Herbario Lehmanniano.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Records for Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**762. Urochloa distachyos (L.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966 (as “distachya”) **
Panicum distachyon L., Mant. Pl. Altera 183–184. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.41 (LINN). LT designated by Henrard in Monogr. Digitaria 191. 1950
Brachiaria distachyos (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 565. 1919 in obs. (as “distachya”)
Digitaria distachyos (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 41. 1853 (as “distachya”), cited as synonym of Panicum bicorne Sieber ex Steud.
Panicum miliiforme J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 300. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Philippine Islands: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Brachiaria miliiformis (J. Presl) A. Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(1): 35. 1920
Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. var. miliiformis (J. Presl) S.L. Chen & Y.X. Jin, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 472. 1984
Brachiaria miliiformis (J. Presl) Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(1): 35. 1920
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**763. Urochloa hybrida (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 28. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria hybrida Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B, 49(4): 379. 1983
Distribution. Karnataka.
**Habit. **Not recorded.
**764. Urochloa kurzii (Hook. f.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966 **
Panicum kurzii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 38. 1896. Type: Seebpore; Kurz s.n.(K). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(2): 422. 1996.
Brachiaria kurzii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 438. 1922
Brachiaria lanceata Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 4. 1947. Type: Indonesia: Java, Jawa Timur, Kangean; 1920; Backer 27829 (BO).
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [also in Indonesia, Australia].
Habit. Annual.
**765. Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 112. 1934 var. **lata
Panicum latum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. pl. 61. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning 353
Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub. t. 3363. 1938
Panicum insculptum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 49. 1853. Type: Guinea; Jardin s.n.
Urochloa insculpta (Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 599. 1920
Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh. Native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
**766. Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens (C.E. Hubb.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212129-1
Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. 4: 125. 1949. Type. Nigeria: Sokoto Province, Sokoto; July 30, 1910; Dalziel 477
Distribution. Rajasthan [also in Africa].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Record for India fide Naithani (1990). The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens C.E. Hubb. to *Urochloa *as a variety of U. lata (Schumach.) C. E. Hubb.
**767. Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy, J. Bot. 69(2): 54. 1931 **
Panicum mosambicense Hack., Bol. Soc. Brot. 6: 140. 1888. Type: “Prope Moçambique.” Mozambique; 1886; M.R. de Carvalho 19 (W).
Echinochloa notabilis (Hook. f.) Rhind, Grasses of Burma 50. 1945 (as “notabile”)
Panicum notabile Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 32. 1896. Type: Burma, Petroleum wells of the Irawaddi; Wallich s.n.
Distribution. Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**768. Urochloa munae (Basappa) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 29. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria munae Basappa, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 93(1): 53. f. 1. 1984. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madurai Kamaraj University Campus; December 20, 1979; Basappa 3001 (CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**769. Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 13. 1966 **
Panicum muticum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775. Type: Egypt: “Rosettae” (Rashid); November 2–6, 1761; Forsskal 86 (C).
Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Prain, Fl. Trop. Afri. 9: 526. 1919
Brachiaria purpurascens (Raddi) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 434. 1940
Panicum amphibium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 61. 1853. Type: Java; Zollinger no. 416 (P).
Panicum barbinode Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3(27): t. 318. 1831. Type: “Figura ad specimen Bahiense.” Brazil: Bahia; 1831; *Riedel in Herb. Trinus 0601.01 *(LE).
Panicum punctulatum Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: Sri Lanka; Wight Herb. no. 2039
Panicum purpurascens Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 47–48. 1823. Lectotype: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro “ Multum habet affinitatem cum precedenti cum quo mixtum invenitur, licet etiam sponte oriatur”; *G. Raddi s.n. *(PI). LT designated by Baldini & Longhi-Wagner Taxon 55(2): 479. 2006
Panicum pictigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 73. 1853, nom superfl. & illeg. for P. purpurascens Raddi
Panicum molle sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. (Grisebach) 547. 1864, non Sw., 17
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [also in Indonesia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America].
Habit. Annual.
**770. Urochloa nilagirica (Bor) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 29. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria nilagirica Bor, Bot. Tidsskr. 67(4): 325. 1973. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills; Perrottet 1357 (K).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Not recorded.
**771. Urochloa oligotricha (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 502. 1941 **
Panicum oligotrichum Fig. & de Not., Agrost. Aegypt. 17, t. 10. 1853. Type: “ad amnem coeruleum in Nubia superiore.” Sudan: Nubia; Figari s.n.
Helopus bolbodes Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 100. 1854. Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 2021 (P) “Abyssin; Hochst Hrbr. Abyss. nr. 2021”
Urochloa bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 593. 1920
Eriochloa bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2 (App. 2): 17. 1894
Panicum bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Aschers., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 300. 1867
Panicum numidianum sensu Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4(App. 3): 14. 1896, non Lam., 1791
**Distribution. **India [Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**772. Urochloa ovalis (Stapf) Zon, Blumea 64(3): 215. 2019 **
Brachiaria ovalis Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 546. 1919. Syntypes: Somalia: Bohotle; Appleton s.n. (K). Somalia: Haud; Thompson s.n. (K). Ethiopia: Habab; Hildebrandt 337 (K). Ethiopia; Salt s.n. (BM).
**Distribution. **Punjab [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria ovalis Stapf to Urochloa.
**773. Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 53. t. 11. f. 1. 1812 **
Panicum javanicum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. Type: “Cette plante croit a l’ile de Java (V.s. in herb. Desfont.)”; Desfontaines s.n.
Urochloa marathensis Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 43: 2. 1922. Type: “Hab. India orient: Southern Maratha Country and North Canara, Bombay Presidency, collected and presented by A.P. Young, Esq. I.N. Anno 1884 ex Herbario Musie Britannici in Herb. Lugd. Batav. Sub no. 90.92-2300.”
Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. var. marathensis (Henrard) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 373. 1960
Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. var. velutina (Henrard) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 373. 1960
Urochloa marathensis Henrard var. velutina Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 43: 2. 1922. Type: “Hab. cum praecedente Young legit in Herb. Lugd. Bat. Sub no. 908.83-143.”
Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. var. pubescens (Kunth) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 372. 1960
Urochloa pubescens Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 31. 1829. Type: “Insulae Mascarenae, Nova Hollandia.”
Type. Mauritius: Isle de France, to about 4800 ft., mainly in cultivated land; Jussieu s.n. (P-type is lost). Neotype: P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. pl. 11. f. 1. 1812. NT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41: 433. 1996.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**774. Urochloa paspaloides J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 318. 1830 **
Brachiaria paspaloides (J. Presl) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub. t. 3363. 1938
Panicum ambiguum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 243. 1834, non (DC.) Lapeyr. ex Le Turq., 1816
Type. “Habitat in Luzonia ad Sorzogon.” Philippine: Luzon Islands, Sorzogon; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Distribution. Assam, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**775. Urochloa pullulans Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 590. 1920 **
Panicum geminatum sensu Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2App. 2): 19. 1894, non Forssk., 1775
Distribution. India [also in Africa].
Habit. Not recorded.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**776. Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966 **
Panicum ramosum L., Mant. Pl. 29. 1767. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.44 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Nasir and Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 207. 1982.
Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 542. 1919
Urochloa ramosa (L.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 251. 1987, isonym.
Panicum arvense Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 391. t. 109. 1831. Type: “Crescit ubique in arvis Senegaliae.” Leprieur s.n.
Panicum brachylachnum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: Senegalia; Leprieur s.n.
Panicum canescens Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 457. 1817. Type: India orientalis
Panicum cognatissimum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 69. 1853. Type: Segegambia; Leprieur s.n.
Urochloa supervacua (C.B. Clarke) Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 394. 1999
Panicum supervacuum C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 407–408. f. A-E. 1888. Lectotype: India: West Bengal, Baladum, alt. 400 ft.; May 28, 1884; C.B. Clarke 35103 (K). LT designated by Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 394. 1999.
Brachiaria marselinii Gawade & Gavade, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 101(2): 291 -293. f. 1. 2004 (as “marselini”). Type: India: Maharashtra, Masure, Malvan, Sindhudurg; September 27, 2000; N.D. Gawade 1442 (BLAT).
Panicum patens sensu Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 365. 1837, non L., 1753
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**777. Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen var. pubescens (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212130-1
Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. var. pubescens Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B, 49(4): 380. 1983
Distribution. Karnataka, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf var. pubescens to Urochloa, as a variety of U. ramosa.
**778. Urochloa remota (Retz.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 29. 1997 (“1993”) **
Panicum remotum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787. Type: “E Tranquebaria misit Opt. Koenig.”
Brachiaria remota (Retz.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1005. 1924
Panicum petiveri Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 144. 1826 (as “petiverii”). Type: India orientalis; Lindley s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**779. Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 601. 1920 var. **reptans
Panicum reptans L., Syst. Nat., ed 10. 2: 870. 1759. Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 80.52, upper specimen (LINN). LT designated by Veldkamp. Blumea 41(2): 427. 1996.
Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A. Gardner. & C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub t. 3363. 1938
Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. var. hispida Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 380. 1983
Panicum prostratum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. Type: Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, St. Dominique; Anonymous in Herb. Lamarck (P-LAM).
Brachiaria prostrata (Lam.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 263. 1857
Panicum procumbens Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 109. 1829. Type: “*Panicum prostratum β *Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck). 4:740.”
Panicum umbrosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 16. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitat in graminosis umbrosis Indiae Orientalis. Misit Cel. Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. in herb. Retz (LD).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Malaysia, Oceanic Islands, Africa, Australia, China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. The taxonomic editors question whether Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. var. hispida should be recognized as distinct; it is placed in synonymy here.
**780. Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) var. **semiundulata
Panicum semiundulatum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 364. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in pratis et locis graminosis prope Adoua, nec non in planitie montana provinciae Chiré, mensibus Septembre et Octobre (Schimper).” Syntypes: Ethiopia: Schire; October 10, 1840; Schimper 1833. Ethiopia: Adoam; September 25, 1837; Schimper 289
Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 556. 1919
Panicum nilagiricum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohenacker 919
Panicum villosum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 34. 1896, non Lam., 1791
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**781. Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. intermedia (Basappa & Muniy.) E. A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212131-1
Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. intermedia Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 380. 1983
Distribution. Karnataka (Naithani), Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. intermedia Basappa & Muniy. to Urochloa as a variety of U. semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J.Nair.
**782. Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. lanata (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. lanata Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 380. 1983
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**783. Urochloa semiverticillata (Rottler ex Steud.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria semiverticillata (Rottler ex Steud.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(suppl.): 318. 1931
*Panicum semiverticillatum *Rottler ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62, 1853. Type: India; Nees s.n.
Panicum semiverticillatum Rottler in Ainslie, Mat. Med. Hindoostan ed. 1, 219. 1813, nom. nud.?
Panicum firmiculme Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7(63): 65. 1917. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 595 (as “895”)
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**784. Urochloa setigera (Retz.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 598. 1920 var. **setigera
Panicum setigerum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “E China misit Cel. Bladh.” China: Guangdong, Guangzhou; Bladh s.n. (LD).
Brachiaria setigera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub. t. 3363. f. 2. 1938
Panicum affine Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 273. 1816. Type: “Cette espece croit dans les Indes orientales.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**785. Urochloa setigera (Retz.) Stapf var. albistyla (Basappa & Muniy.) S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 273. 1989 **
Brachiaria setigera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. var. albistyla Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B. 49: 380. 1983. Type: India
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**786. Urochloa stapfiana (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria stapfiana Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 379. 1983
Distribution. Karnataka.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**787. Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 252. 1987 **
Panicum subquadriparum Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 145. 1826. Lectotype: Mariana Islands; Chamisso s.n. in Herb. Trinius 0947.01 (LE). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(2): 429. 1996.
Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 214. 1931
Panicum distachyum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 359. 1864, non L., 1767
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**788. Urochloa trichopus (Hochst.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 589. 1920 **
Panicum trichopus Hochst., Flora 27: 254. 1844. Type: “Habitat in cultis provinciae Cordofan”; Kotschy 74
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [also in Africa].
Habit. Annual.
**789. Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 14. 1966 var. **villosa
Panicum villosum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1): 173. 1791. Type: India; *Sonnerat s.n. *(P-LAM).
Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 433. 1922
Panicum coccospermum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: India orientalis; Royle Herb. no. 43. 44
Panicum nanum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 62. 1853. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 45
Panicum grossarium sensu Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 300. 1820, non L., 1759
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**790. Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen var. barbata (Bor) Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 395–396. 1999 **
Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus var. barbata Bor, Grass. Bur. Ceyl. Ind. Pak. 386. 1960.
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**791. Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen var. glaberrima (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) **
Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus var. glaberrima Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 381. 1983
Distribution. Meghalaya, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Punjab fide Naithani (1990).
Tribe Jansenelleae Voronts., 2020
Plant annual. Ligue membranous. Inflorescence dense, capitate, with short branches. Spikelets laterally compressed. Glumes acuminate or awned, lemmas awned. Hilum punctate. Leaf anatomy C3.
The two genera of Jansenelleae were provisionally placed in Tristachyideae by Kellogg (2015b), pending further data. However, recent molecular phylogenetic work (Bianconi et al. 2020) has shown that they are sisters, and form a clade that itself is sister to Andropogoneae s.l. Species of Jansenelleae appear to be C3 and thus help illuminate the origin and development of the C4 pathway in their sister tribe Andropogoneae (Bianconi et al. 2020).
**Chandrasekharania V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 91(2): 79. 1982 **
**Type. **Chandrasekharania keralensis V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek.
**792. Chandrasekharania keralensis V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 91(2): 80. 1982 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Kannoth, alt. 500 ft.; February 18, 1978; V.S. Ramachandran 54064 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution records fide Naithani (1990).
**Jansenella Bor, Kew Bull. 1955: 96. 1955 **
**Type. **Jansenella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor (Danthonia griffithiana Müll. Hal.).
**793. Jansenella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1955: 98. 1955 **
Danthonia griffithiana Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14(20): 347. 1856. Type: India: Assam, Khasiya; Griffith 36 (B).
Arundinella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor, Indian Forester Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 73. 1938
Danthoniopsis griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 187. 1940
Arundinella avenacea Munro ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 362. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Saffragam District, at no great elevation; Munro Ceylon Plant 3471
Arundinella campbelliana Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 346. 1890. Type: India: Mahableshwar; 1889; Lisboa s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Tribe Andropogoneae Dumort., 1824
Plants with complex inflorescences, often highly branched and/or bracteate. Spikelets borne in pairs, one sessile and the other pedicellate, the two often differentiated in structure and function. Branches sometimes ending a spikelet morphologically identical to the pedicellate one so that the spikelets appear to be in triplets. Glumes firm to indurate, the lemma and palea generally hyaline. In most species other than those in Arundinella and Garnotia the rachis disarticulates between the spikelet pairs. Photosynthetic pathway C4, NADP-ME subtype.
Taxonomic editor: Elizabeth A. Kellogg
Andropogon L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. 1753, nom. cons.
**Type.***Andropogon distachyos *L. (as “distachyon”) (typ. cons.)
**794. Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 12(2): 101. 1917 **
Homoeatherum chinense Nees, Nat. Syst. Bot. 448. 1836
Andropogon apricus var. chinensis (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 457. 1889
Andropogon ascinodis C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 87. t. 36. 1889. Type: India: Assam, Jakpho, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke no. 41890
Andropogon apricus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 169. 1896, non Trin., 1836
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**795. ** Andropogon gayanus ** Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 491. 1833 **
Andropogon reconditus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 386. 1854. Type: Africa: “Leprieur legit in Senegalia”; Leprieur s.n.
Andropogon tomentellus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 371. 1854. Type: Africa: “Leprieur legit in Senegalia”; Leprieur s.n.
Andropogon guineensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 371. 1854, nom. Later hom., non Schumach., 1828
Type. Senegalia.
Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Naturalized; native to Africa.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded.
**796. Andropogon hallii Hack., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 89: 127. 1884 **
Sorghum hallii (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 791. 1891
Andropogon chrysocomus Nash, Man. Fl. N. States (Britton) 70. 1901. Lectotype: USA: Kansas, Stevens County; July 24, 1891; *M.A. Carleton 343 *(NY-69769). LT designated by Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 120. 1912.
Andropogon geminatus Hack. ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 55. 1896. Type: USA: Texas; 1889; Nealley s.n. (US-728855).
Andropogon paucipilus Nash, Man. Fl. N. States (Britton) 70. 1901. Lectotype: USA: Nebraska, Grant County, 3 miles NE of Whitman; 31 Jul 1893; P.A. Rydberg 1607 (NY-69766). LT designated by Nash in North Amer. Fl. 17(2): 121. 1912.
Type. USA: Nebraska; 1862; *E. A. Hall & J.P. Harbour 651 *(W).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **This species may not be distinct from A. gerardi (Estep et al. 2014).
**797. Andropogon lividus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 367. 1864 **
Cymbopogon lividus (Thwaites) Willis, Revis. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1911
Type. Sri Lanka: Central Province, Newera Ellia and other of more elevated parts; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 953.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**798. Andropogon longipes Hack., Flora 68: 138. 1885 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgerries; Perrotet 1315.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**799. Andropogon munroi C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 87–88. t. 37. 1889 **
Andropogon hookeri Munro ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 614. 1889. Type: Bhutan; W. Griffith 6767 (W).
Cymbopogon hookeri (Munro ex Hack.) Stapf ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 92. 1938
Andropogon tristis Nees ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 439. 1889. Syntypes: Nepal; Royle 227. India: Kamaon alt. 10000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Himalaya; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Massuri; Hugel s.n. (C). Chini; Stoliczka s.n. (C).
Type. India: North Muneypore, alt. 3500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 41961.
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**800. Andropogon polyptychos Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380. 1854 **
Dichanthium polyptychon (Steud.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 549. 1921
Andropogon polyptychos Steud. var. deccanensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 91. 1960, nom. inval.? Type: India: Madras; Bourne 1622, 1337
Dichanthium polyptychon (Steud.) A. Camus var. deccanensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 91. 1960
Type. Sri Lanka.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**801. Andropogon pumilus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 277. 1820 **
Andropogon demissus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 388. 1854. Syntypes: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8799. India; Numer. List [Wallich] no 8798 A.B.
Andropogon pachyarthrus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 449. 1889, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. India: “A native of Coromandel.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**Apluda L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 **
**Type. **Apluda mutica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753.
**802. Apluda mutica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 **
Calamina mutica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 151 1812
Andropogon glaucus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 20. 1788 (“1789”) (as “glaucum”). Type: “Misit opt. Koenig, qui Anthistiriae speciem credidit.”
Apluda aristata L., Cent. Pl. II 7. 1756. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1213.4 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000.
Apluda aristata L. var. jainii R.K. Jain, Ind J. For. 9:345. 1986.
Apluda geniculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 327. 1820. Type: India: “found in the banks of the Gangas.”
Apluda varia Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 196. 1889. Type: Cited many syntypes
Apluda varia Hack. ssp. aristata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 196. 1889. Type: Cited many syntypes
Apluda varia Hack. var. ciliata (Andersson) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896
Apluda varia Hack. var. rostrata (Nees ex Arn.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896
Apluda varia Hack. var. villosula Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896. Type: India: Wight Cat. no. 1713
Apluda varia Hack. var. humilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896
Apluda ciliata Andersson, Ofvers. Forh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 12: 177. 1855. Type: India Orientali, Carnar; Hugel 1639
Apluda rostrata Nees ex Arn., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19 (1): 194–195. 1843. Type: Sri Lanka; Walker s.n.
Anthistiria gigantea Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 36. t. 458. 1799. Type: “Habitat in Luzon philippica insula tribus leucis ab oppido Guaz. Floret Martio et Aprili. Vidi siccam in eodem herbario.”
Apluda gigantea (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 290. 1824 (“1825”)
Calamina gigantea (Cav.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 157 1812
*Apluda mutica *L. var. major (Hack.) R.K. Jain, Ind. J. For. 9:347. 1986
Apluda blatteri Sur, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 26: 193. 1986
Calamina humilis J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 344. 1830, non Roem. & Schult., 1817
Apluda mutica L. var. aristata (L.) Pilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 14e: 130. 1940, nom. illeg. & hom., non Apluda mutica var. aristata (L.) Hack. ex Backer, 1928
Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1213.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 20. 1993.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**Apocopis Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 93. 1841 **
**Type. **Apocopis royleanus Nees.
**803. Apocopis cochinchinensis A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 25: 286. 1919 **
Type. “Cochinchine (Pierre).” Vietnam; J.B.L. Pierre s.n. (US-1062404).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala [China].
Habit. Annual.
**804. Apocopis courtallumensis (Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 524. 1941 **
Andropogon courtallumensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Type: India: Courtallum; Wight s.n.
Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon courtallumensis
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**805. Apocopis mangalorensis (Hochst. ex. Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 523. 1941 **
Amblyachyrum mangalorense Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 413. 1854. Type: India; 1847; R.F. Hohenacker 231 (P).
Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites. ssp. mangalurensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 259. 1889
Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites. var. zeylanica Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 259. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 401
Apocopis courtallumensis sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 171. 1956, non (Steud.) Henrard., 1941
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**806. Apocopis paleaceus (Trin.) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot. Gard 6: 262. 1910 (as “paleacea”) **
Ischaemum paleaceum Trin. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 293. 1833. Type: Nepal
Andropogon paleaceus (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854
Apocopis royleanus Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841. Type: Not given
Apocopis himalayensis Will.Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N.W. Prov. 392. 1882, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Andropogon himalayensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Apocopis**royleanus Nees.
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**807. Apocopis vaginatus Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 8. 1891 **
Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites var. vaginata (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 143. 1896
Type. India: Hazaribagh; C.B. Clarke 33849 (W).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**Arthraxon P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 111. 1812 **
**Type. **Arthraxon ciliare P. Beauv.
**808. Arthraxon castratus (Griff.) V. Naray. ex Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 376. 1940 **
Andropogon castratus Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 89. 1851. Type: “Suddah in Campis graminosis; January 2, 1836; It. Ass. 292.”(K).
Andropogon rudis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: [Bangladesh] India: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8837
Arthraxon rudis (Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 [basionym reference not given]
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**809. Arthraxon depressus Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 349–350. 1933 **
Type. India: “Peninsula, precise locality not indicated”; Wight 3372 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**810. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 214. 1912 var. **hispidus
Phalaris hispida Thunb. in J.A. Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 104. 1784. Type: Japan; *C.P. Thunberg 1776 *(UPS).
Alectoridia quartiniana A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 448. t. 102. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad marginem stagnorum juxta Adoua, mense Novembre (Quartin Dillon).” Ethiopia: Adoua; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P).
Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Rich.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 99. 1912
Arthraxon breviaristatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 350. 1889. Syntypes: China: Yunnan, prope Ki-mi-se, ad rivulos montium; Delavay 1811(P). India: Khasia, alt. 4000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (K, L, W).
Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 111. t. 11. f. 6. 1812 (as “ciliare”). Type: “Cultivé par son oncle a Trianon”; Richard s.n. (P).
Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. var. hookeri Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 357. 1889. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Arthraxon inermis Hook. f. var. tzvelevii Jain, Sci. & Cult. 37(1): 55. 1971. Type: India: Purandhar, vazirghad Fort; Santapau 11361 (CAL)
Batratherum micans Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 182–183. 1835. Type: “In Benghala boreli; Royle.”
Arthraxon micans (Nees) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856
Arthraxon nitidulus Stapf ex Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 101, 688. 1960. Type: India: Bombay, Belgaum; Ritchie 796a (K).
Arthraxon satarensis M. R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 515. 1970, emend. Deshp. & Hemadri, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 274. 1970. Type: India: Maharashtra, 8-Satara-Keshyaturda; McCann 8 (BLAT).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnatata, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**811. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. junnarensis (S.K. Jain & Hemadri) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 277. 1981 **
Arthraxon junnarensis S.K. Jain & Hemadri, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 68: 300–301. f. a–f. 1971. Type: India: Maharashtra, Poona District, Warsubai plateau, 16km west of Junnar; Hemadri 106849 (CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**812. Arthraxon inermis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 145. 1896 **
Type. India: Concan; Woodrow 189 (K).
Distribution. Goa, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**813. Arthraxon jubatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 358. 1889 **
Type. India: Kerala, Concan, Malabar; J.E. Stocks s.n. (W).
**Distribution. **Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**814. Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 var. **lanceolatus
Andropogon lanceolatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 262. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Coromendel.” Lectotype: India; Roxburgh Icon. Ined. 2019 (K, copy in L). LT designated by van P.C. van Welzen in Blumea 27(1): 283. 1981.
Arthraxon deccanensis S.K. Jain, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 68: 298. 1971. Type: India: Maharashtra, Poona District, Sinhagad; Patil 7825 (CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Jharkhad, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**815. Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. echinatus (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 348. 1889 **
Batratherum echinatum Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 181. 1835. Lectotype: India; Wight KD 1684 (K). LT designated by P.C. van Welzen in Blumea 27(1): 285. 1981.
Arthraxon echinatus (Nees) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856.
Arthraxon spathaceus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 145. 1896. Type: India: Deccan Peninsula, Gunda Cottah Hill fort, Cuddapah; Wight Herb. 337 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**816. Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 **
Andropogon lancifolius Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 271. 1832. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8828B (LE).
Pleuroplitis lancifolia (Trin.) Regel, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg. 10(3): 375. 1866
Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. var. hindustanicus S.K. Jain & Deshp., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 51: 176. 1972. Type: India: Goa, near Chopora, Kaisuva Fort; September 5, 1965; Cherian 88557A (CAL).
Andropogon multicaulis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: Abyssin; Hochstetter s.n.
Arthraxon microphyllus (Trin.) Hochst. var. hindustanicus (S.K. Jain & Deshp.) S.M. Almeida & M. R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 82: 445. 1985
Batratherum molle Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 181–182. 1835. Type: Type information given for varieties only
Arthraxon molle (Nees) Balf. f., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 31: 315. 1888
Psilopogon schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 447. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in Planitie montosa Beless, provinciae Chire, mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon) et in locis umbrosis ad declivia rivulorum juxta Adoua, mense Septembre (Schimper).” Syntypes: Ethiopia: Adoua; September 18, 1837; *Schimper 96 *(TUB?). ST: Ethiopia: Schire; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Ethiopia: Tigray, Adua; September 18, 1837; *Schimper 46 *(WAG).
Batratherum schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Nees ex Hochst., Flora 39: 179. 1856 (as “Bathratherum”)
Arthraxon schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hochst., Flora 39: 189. 1856, p.p.
Lucaea schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 414. 1855.
Pleuroplitis schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Regel, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg. 10(3): 369. 1866
Arthraxon microphyllus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 147. 1896, p.p., non (Trin.) Hochst. 1856
Pleuroplitis microphylla (Trin.) Regel, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg. 10(3): 370. 1866
Arthraxon minor Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856, nom. illeg. & superfl.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**817. Arthraxon meeboldii Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 449. 1908 **
Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. meeboldii (Stapf) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 285, f. 10. 1981
Arthraxon purandharensis Bharucha & Y. Satyan., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 481. 1954. Type: India: Bombay, Purandhar, 4000 ft.; Bharucha 501 (Herb. Inst. Sc. Bombay).
Type. India: Concan, in open grassland on a hillside near Khandale, alt. 2000 ft.; Meebold 9132.
Distribution. Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. All records except for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**818. Arthraxon microphyllus (Trin.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 **
Andropogon microphyllus Trin. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 275. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich s.n. (LE).
Arthraxon sikkimensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 447. 1952. Type: India: Sikkim, Lachung, alt. 9000 ft.; August 31, 1892; Gammie 1079 (K).
Distribution. Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**819. Arthraxon nudus (Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 **
Andropogon nudus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: India: Tavoy; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8834A
Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. ssp. nudus (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. 6: 356. 1889.
Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**820. Arthraxon prionodes (Steud.) Dandy in F. W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 399. 1956 **
Andropogon prionodes Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 1117(P). LT designated by P.C. van Welzen in Blumea 27: 283. 1981.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**821. Arthraxon raizadae S.K. Jain, Hemadri & Deshp., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 51: 103. 1972 **
Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. raizadae (S.K. Jain, Hemadri & Deshp.) Welzen, Blumea 27: 287. 1981
Type. India: Maharashtra State, Satara District, Mahabaleshwar; December 25, 1969; Hemadri 98585A (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**822. Arthraxon santapaui Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 446. 1952 **
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. santapaui (Bor) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 280. f. 6. 1981
Type. India: Bombay, Purandhar Fort; October 10, 1950; H. Santapau 11450a (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand [also in Oman].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**823. Arthraxon submuticus (Nees ex Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 **
Andropogon submuticus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 382. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8836
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**824. Arthraxon villosus C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 350. 1933 **
Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. *villosus *(C.E.C. Fisch.) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 288. 1981
Type. India: Western Ghats, Bababudans; April; Bourne & Bourne s.n. (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**Arundinella Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 36. t. 1. f. 3. 1823 **
**Type. **Arundinella brasiliensis Raddi.
**825. Arundinella bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 4: 605. 1917 **
Panicum bengalense Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 311. 1824 (“1825”). Type: A native of Bengal, where it is found, though rarely, on dry barren spots.
Arundinella wallichii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 114. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8669
Oplismenus strictus Schult., Mant. 2: 272. 1824.
Arundinella stricta (Schult.) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84. 1921, non Nees, 1850
Panicum strictum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 306. 1820, non R. Br., 1810
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**826. Arundinella cannanorica V.J. Nair, Sreek. & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80(2): 396–398. f. 11. 1984 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Bela, alt. 320 ft.; November 23, 1981; P.V. Shreekumar 71822 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**827. Arundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam 4: 30. 1851 **
Holcus ciliatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 321. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Coromendel.”
Arundinella agrostoides Hook. f. var. ciliata (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 71. 1896
Arundinella pilosa Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam. 3, Pt. 4: 30. 1851, nom. invalid as syn of Arundinella ciliata. Type: India: “Mercara Ind. Or. Hochst. Hbrb. Hohenack. 647 in Sched.”
Arundinella agrostoides sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 71. 1896, non Trin., 1836
Syntypes. India; Wight s.n. Prope Mercara; Metz s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**828. Arundinella decempedalis (Kuntze) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84. 1921 **
Panicum decempedale Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, Terai; January 15, 1875; Kuntze 6581
Arundinella clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 75–76. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Terai; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**829. Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Bult. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kjusu Imp. Univ. 1: 196, 208. 1925 **
Poa hirta Thunb., in J.A. Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 104. 1784. Type: Japonia.
Arundinella anomala Steud., Syn. Pl. Gl. 1:116. 1854. Type: Japan; Anonymous s.n. [Siebold].
Distribution. Assam.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990).
**830. Arundinella holcoides (Kunth) Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 71. 1836. **
Brandtia holcoides Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 511. 1831. Type: Burma. Crescit in Pegu, M. Reynaud s.n.
Arundinella pubescens Merr. & Hack., Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 419. 1907. Philippine Islands: Palawan: May 1906, F.W. Foxworthy BS 856
Arundinella birmanica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 73. 1896.
Arundinella hirsuta Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854 Type: Himalaya: Coutrallum; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8671
**Distribution. **Karnataka, Maharashtra, Himalaya.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. The circumscription and synonymy of this species are unclear and need to be carefully re-evaluated.
**831. Arundinella hookeri Munro ex Keng, Sci. Rep. Natl. Centr. Univ., Ser. B 2(3): 50. 1936 **
Arundinella villosa Arn. ex Steud. var. himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 73. 1896. Syntypes: Bhutan, East Nepal and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6000–11000 ft.; Griffith s.n., J.D. Hooker & C.B. Clarke s.n.
Type. India: South of Yonsum, Sikkim Himalaya; 1888; King’s collector s.n. Pulney Hills; Madras Herb 16526.
Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**832. Arundinella intricata Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 112. 1920 **
Syntypes. India: Khasia Hills, Maosmai, alt. 4000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 16588 (K). Mahadeo, alt. 3000 ft.; Clarke 155622 (K). India: Khasia Hills, Amwé, 4000–4700 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). Boga-Panee, 4000–6000 ft.; *J.D. Hooker s.n. *(K). India: Arbor Country, Dihang River, bank near Ritung; I. J. Burkill 373 (K).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Meghalaya [Bhutan, China]
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990).
**833. Arundinella khaseana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854 **
Type. India: Jugum Khasea; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8672.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**834. Arundinella leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 76. 1896 **
Panicum leptochloa Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 62. 1853. Type: India orientalis; Wight Herb. no. 125
Arundinella gigantea Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 293. 1861. Type: India: Ghauts, Kineshwur; Dalzell s.n.
Arundinella lawsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 76. 1896 (as “lawsoni”). Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, Goodaloor, alt. 3000 ft.; Lawson s.n.
Distribution. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**835. Arundinella mesophylla Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854 **
Type. India: Courtallum; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8663.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**836. Arundinella metzii Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 31. 1851 **
Arundinella decomposita Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84. 1921. Type: India; Meebold 10760
Arundinella lawii Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 180. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka: without precise locality; Ferguson in Herb. Peraden. India: Concan, Malabar; J.E. Stocks s.n.
Arundinella pygmaea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 72. 1896. Type: India: North Canara; Lisboa s.n.
Type. India: Karnataka, Mangalore; Metz Herb. no. 297.
Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**837. Arundinella muthikulamensis Sunil, K.M.P. Kumar, & V.P. Thomas, Webbia 72(1): 101. 2017. **
Type. India: Kerala, Palghat District, Muthikulam, Elivalmala, 2100 m, 11 November 2016, Sunil*& K. M. Prabhukumar 4565* (holotype: CMPR; isotypes: MH, SNMH, CATH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**838. Arundinella nepalensis Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 62. 1826 **
Acratherum miliaceum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 230. 1827. Type: “Habitat in Nepalia.”
Arundinella miliacea (Link) Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 102. 1890
Arundinella glabra Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 5: 237. 1837. Type: “Hab. Prope Macao”;* G.H. Vachell s.n. *(E?).
Arundinella ritchei Munro ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 343. 1890. Type: India: Maharashtra, Common in Thana, Salsette and Lanowli; Munro s.n. (Herbarium of Poona College of Science).
Arundinella virgata Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84–85. 1921. Type: China: South China; 1865; *W. Hillebrand s.n. *(B).
Type. Nepal; Wallich s.n. in Herb. Lindley (LE).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**839. Arundinella nervosa (Roxb.) Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 5: 237. 1837 **
Holcus nervosus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 320. 1820. Type: India: A native of Coromandel.
Distribution. Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**840. Arundinella pradeepiana Sunil & Naveen Kum., Webbia 69(2): 249. 2014. **
Type. India: Kerala, Eranakulam district, Edamalayar forest range, Variyam, 800 m, 16 November 2013, Sunil & Naveen Kumar 6228 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH, CALI).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Annual.
**841. Arundinella pumila (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 114. 1854 **
Acratherum pumilum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 414. t. 100. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in pratis circa Aderbati in regno Tigre, mense Septembre (Quartin Dillon). Lectotype: Ethiopia: “in vallibus prope Adde Arbati”; October, 1839; Schimper 642 (B). LT cited by van der Zon, Gram. Cameroun 2: 361. 1992.
Arundinella tenella Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854. Type: India; Wight herb. no.76, Royle herb. no. 268
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**842. Arundinella purpurea Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854 var. **purpurea
Arundinella fuscata sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 74. 1896, non Nees ex Buese, 1854
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountain; Hohenacker 928 (P).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**843. Arundinella purpurea Hochst. ex Steud. var. laxa Bor, Kew Bull. 1955: 407. 1955 **
Type. India: Madras, Sispara, alt. 6700 ft.; J.S. Gamble 13365.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**844. Arundinella ravii Shaju & N. Mohanan, Rheedea 14(1–2): 47–50. f. 1. 2004 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, 6000 ft.; November 8, 2000; Shaju 43700 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**845. Arundinella setosa Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 63. 1826 var. **setosa
Arundinella bidentata Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21(8): 159. 1931. Type: China: Fujian, Kuliang, moist hillsides and open lands, alt. 2500 ft.; July 30, 1919; J.B. Norton 1154 (US-1270758).
Arundinella capillaris Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 74. 1896. Type: India: Deccan; Heyne s.n. Pulney Hills; Herb. Wight no. 3338 Amsterdam. 3, Pt. 4: 30. 1851]. Type: Himalaya: Coutrallum; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8671
Arundinella mutica Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 116. 1854. Type: India; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8665)
Arundinella setifera Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854. Type: India: Nilagherry Mountains; Hohenacker 920
Arundinella sinensis Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 342. 1904. Type: China: Kwangtung; C. Ford 212, C. Ford 201 (BM). China: Guangdong, Lofaushan; Ford 125
Arundinella stricta Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 102. 1850
Arundinella zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854. Type: Java;* Zollinger 2034*
Miquelia barbulata Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 178. 1843. Type: “In Promontorio Syng-moon.”Hong Kong; Julio; F.J.F. Meyen s.n.
Berghausia barbulata (Nees) Endl. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851
Danthonia luzoniensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 245. 1854. Type: Philippines: Luzon; Cuming herb. no. 1415
Danthonia neuroelytrum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 245. 1854. Type: China; Fortune Herb. No. 5 (P).
Milium cimicinoides Roxb. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 70. 1896, nom. nud.
Type. Nepal; *Lindley s.n. *(LE).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**846. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. esetosa Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 425. 1960 **
Syntypes. India: Bihar; T. Thomson s.n. Nepal: Western part; Stainton, Sykes & Williams 4255, 4461.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Bihar and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**847. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. lanifera C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1801. 1934 **
Type. India: Cuddapa District, Mogili Kuppa, alt. 6000 ft.; Meebold s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**848. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. nilagiriana Subba Rao & Kumari, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 827. 1976 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Koilbetta; September 11, 1970; *G.V. Subba Rao & G.R. Kumari 19795A *(CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**849. Arundinella spicata Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 293. 1861 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Mahableshwur Hills; Dalzell s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**850. Arundinella thirunelliensis Sunil, Ratheesh, & Sivad., Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 21(2): 153. 2014. **
Type. India: Kerala, Wayanad District, Thirunelli, Kalindi riverbed, 900 m, 8 December 2012, Sunil & Ratheesh Narayanan 4854 (Holotype: CAL; Isotypes: MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**851. Arundinella tuberculata Munro ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 344. 1890 **
Type. India: Poona and Konkan; Munro s.n. (Herbarium of Poona College of Science).
Distribution. Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**852. Arundinella vaginata Bor, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 27: 66. 1948 **
Arundinella villosa Arn. ex Steud. var. heynei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 73. 1896 (as “heyne”). Type: India; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8663A). Courtallam; Wight s.n.
Type. India: Madras, Palni Hills; Rev. A. Sauliere 817 (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**853. Arundinella villosa Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854 **
Type. Sri Lanka; Wight 2037.
Distribution. Karnataka, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Bhidea Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 445. 1949 **
**Type. **Bhidea burnsiana Bor.
**854. Bhidea borii Deshp., V. Prakash & N.P. Singh, Curr. Sci. 58(19): 1094. 1989 **
Distribution. India.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution within India not recorded.
**855. Bhidea burnsiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 445. 1949 **
Type. India: Bombay Lonavla; August, 1918; *R.K. Bhide s.n. *(K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**856. Bhidea fischeri Sreek. & B. V. Shetty, Kew Bull. 42(3): 683. 1987 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Mukkarikandam, alt. 160 ft.; October 18, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71754 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**Bothriochloa Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 762. 1891 **
**Type. **Bothriochloa anamitica Kuntze.
**857. Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 80: 62. 1969 **
Andropogon bladhii Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 2: 27. 1781. Type: “In China lectum cum aliis mislit bonorat, D. Bladh.” China; *Bladh s.n. *(LD).
Dichanthium bladhii (Retz.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(1): 3. 1977
Andropogon intermedius R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 202. 1810. Type: Australia: “Keppel Bay” (North West end of Curtis Island); Brown 6184 (BM).
Amphilophis intermedia (R. Br.) Stapf, Agric. News (Barbados) 15(368): 179. 1916
Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Br.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 164. var. Intermedia
Andropogon caucasicus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(3): 286. 1832. Type: “V. spp. e Cauc. orient.”
Dichanthium caucasicum (Trin.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 133. 1979 (“1978”)
Sorghum caucasicum (Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 476. 1853
Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 101. 1939
Andropogon intermedius R. Br. var. caucasicus (Trin.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 486. 1889
Andropogon glaber Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 271. 1820. Type: “A native of Mountainous countries.” India: Bengal; *Roxburgh s.n. *(BM).
Bothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 164. 1931
*Dichanthium glabrum *(Roxb.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”)
Amphilophis glabra (Roxb.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 172. 1917
Andropogon haenkei J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 340. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Marianis, in Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzone; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Andropogon leptanthus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 391. 1854. Type: India; Cuming 1400
Andropogon punctatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 268. 1820. Type: India; “a Mountain grass.”
Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Br.) A. Camus var. punctata (Roxb.) Keng, Clav. Gen. Sp. Gram. Prim. Sin. 244. 1957
Andropogon vachellii Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 243. 1838. Type: “Hab. in vicinia urbis macao Imperii Chinensis et in insulis adjacentibus. Millet, G.H. Vachell, n. 50” China: Macao and adjacent islands; Millett; G.H. Vachell 50 (E).
Andropogon odoratus Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 118, 123. 1889. Syntypes: India: Bombay Presidency, Thana District; Dymock s.n. Lanowli; October, 1890; Lisboa s.n. (K).
Bothriochloa odorata (Lisboa) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931
Amphilophis odorata (Lisboa) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 305. 1921
Dichanthium odoratum (Lisboa) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”)
Andropogon perfossus Nees & Meyen, ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 92. 1840, nom. inval., cited as synonym of A. punctatus Roxb.
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
Habit. Perennial.
**858. Bothriochloa compressa (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 456. 1940 **
Andropogon compressus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 172. 1896. Syntypes: India: Deccan; Lisboa (no 6. A. odoratus) (K). Deccan; *Woodrow s.n. *(K).
Dichanthium compressum (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 133. 1979 (“1978”)
Distribution. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**859. Bothriochloa ensiformis (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940 **
Andropogon ensiformis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 175. 1896. Type: India: the Concan; Dalzell s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Perennial.
**860. Bothriochloa grahamii (Haines) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 107. 1960 **
Andropogon grahamii Haines, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 189. 1914. Type: India: Central Provinces, Amakantak Hills, often gregarious in old jhumed lands (bewars); Haines 3646 (K).
*Dichanthium grahamii *(Haines) Deshp., Fasc. Fl. India 15: 14. 1984
Type. India: Madhya Pradesh; H.H. Haines 3646 (K).
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**861. Bothriochloa insculpta (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931 **
Andropogon insculptus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 458. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montosis provincial Chire (Quartin Dillon), et in terra sicca ad radices montis Selleuda, prope Adoua, mense Septembre (Schimper).” Lectotype: Ethiopia: Tigray, Scholoda; September 22, 1837; Schimper 80 (US-76201 (fragm)). LT designated (as “holotype”) by Marchi & Longhi-Wagner in Bol. Inst. Bioci. Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul 57: 38. 1998.
Amphilophis insculpta (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 176. 1917
Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd. var. insculptus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 174. 1896
Dichanthium insculptum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(1): 3. 1977
Andropogon subunifoveolatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380. 1854, in nota. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountains; R.F. Honenacker no. 918
Distribution. Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa, South America].
Habit. Perennial.
**862. Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 201. 1936 **
Andropogon ischaemum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae australioris aridis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.26 (LINN). LT designated by Marchi & Longhi-Wagner in Bol. Inst. Bioci. Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul 57: 41. 1998.
Dichanthium ischaemum (L.) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 160. 1960
Distribution. Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**863. Bothriochloa kuntzeana (Hack.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 456. 1940 **
Andropogon kuntzeanus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 478. 1889. Type: Peninsular Indiae orientalis: Assirgar; Kuntze s.n. (NY).
Amphilophis kuntzeana (Hack.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1031. 1924
Dichanthium kuntzeana (Hack.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”)
Eulalia clarkei Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1017. 1924. Type: India: Singbhum, alt. 2500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 20551
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**864. Bothriochloa longifolia (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 108. 1960 **
Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd. var. longifolius Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 482. 1889. Type: India: Madras; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8803
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**865. Bothriochloa parameswaranii Sreek., Malathi, & V.J. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 85(1): 163–165. 1988 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, alt. 6800 ft.; February 14, 1981; *P.V. Sreekumar 71858 *(CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Not recognized by Clayton et al. (2006 onwards).
**866. Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 164. 1931 **
Holcus pertusus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 301–302. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.16 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull. 32: 4. 1977.
Amphilophis pertusa (L.) Nash ex Stapf, Agric. News (Barbados) 15(368): 179. 1916
Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 922. 1806
Dichanthium pertusum (L.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(1): 4. 1977
Lepeocercis pertusa (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Hasskarl) 52. 1848
Andropogon angustifolius sensu Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 269. 1845, non Sibth. & Sm., 1806
Elionurus pertusus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 364. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**867. Bothriochloa pseudoischaemum (Nees) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940 **
Andropogon pseudoischaemum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 380. 1854. Type: India orientalis; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8815)
Dichanthium pseudoischaemum (Nees) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”)
Amphilophis pseudoischaemum (Nees) Alston in H. Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 331. 1931 (as “pseudischaemum”)
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**868. Bothriochloa woodrovii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931 **
Amphilophis woodrovii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 305. 1921
Andropogon woodrovii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 173. 1896. Type: India: Bombay, Mawal; December, 1894; Woodrow 27 (K).
Dichanthium woodrovii (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) (as “woodrowii”)
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**Capillipedium Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 11, 169. 1917 **
**Lectotype. **Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf (Holcus parviflorus R. Br.). LT probably designated by G. Roberty, Boissiera 9: 1–455. 1960).
**869. Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 314. 1922 **
Andropogon assimilis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Java; Zollinger Herb. 859 (P).
Dichanthium assimile (Steud.) Deshp., Fasc. Fl. India 15: 6. 1984
Andropogon glaucopsis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal, China; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8786
Capillipedium glaucopsis (Steud.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: t. 3085. 1922
Andropogon subrepens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal, China; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8790, 8789
Capillipedium subrepens (Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 463. 1940
Andropogon montanus sensu Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 490. 1889, non Roxb., 1820
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**870. Capillipedium filiculme (Hook. f.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3085. 1922 **
Andropogon filiculmis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 181. 1896. Syntypes: India: the Deccan, Poonah, in rocky places; Jacquemont 310. Mawar, Dhomsha; Woodrow 26 (K).
Dichanthium filiculme (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”)
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**871. Capillipedium huegelii (Hack.) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1(4): 306. 1921 **
Andropogon huegelii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 492. 1889 (as “hügelii). Type: Asia; Hügel 2243 “in h. Vind. verisimiliter, ut ex num. cit. patet in India ad pedes Himalayae lectus.”
Dichanthium huegelii (Hack.) S.K.Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135 1979 (“1978”)
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
**872. Capillipedium magdalenae M.R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 813. 1976 (as “magdaleni”) **
Dichanthium magdalenae (M.R. Almeida) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135. 1979 (“1978”) (as “magdaleni”)
Type. India: Karnataka, Agumbe; November, 1972; M.R. Almeida 2566 (BLAT).
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Annual.
**873. Capillipedium nagense Bor, Brittonia 16: 228. 1964 **
Dichanthium nagense (Bor) Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 21(1–4): 198. 1981 (“1979”)
Type. India: Assam, Naga Hills, Dzulake Valley alt. 8500 ft.; September, 1993; N.L. Bor’s collector 353 (K).
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland.
Habit. Perennial.
**874. Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 169. 1917 **
Holcus parviflorus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 199. 1810. Type: Australia; R. Brown s.n. (BM).
Anatherum parviflorum (R. Br.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 290. 1824 (“1825”)
Dichanthium parviflorum (R. Br.) De Wet & J. R. Harlan, Amer. J. Bot. 54(3): 384. 1967
Sorghum parviflorum (R. Br.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 165. 1812
Andropogon alternans J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 342. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Peruvia.” Philippines: Luzon island; *Haenke s.n. *(US-76233 (fragm.)).
Andropogon micranthus Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 165. 1829
Andropogon quartinianus A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 469. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in planitie montosa Beless, provinciae Chire, mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon).”
Sorghum quartinianum (A. Rich.) Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 306. 1867
Andropogon parvispica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 283
Chrysopogon parvispicus (Steud.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 (as “parvispica”)
Andropogon capilliflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Java, Japonica
Chrysopogon violascens Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 319. 1832. Type: “Andropogon violascens N. Ab Es. In Sieb. Agrostoth. no. 65”. “V. ssp. nov. Holl.”
Andropogon violascens (Trin.) Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 396. 1854
Holcus caerulescens Gaudich., Voy. Monde, Phan. 10: 411, t. 27. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Novae-Hollandiae ora orientali; Port-Jackson.”
Rhaphis caerulescens (Gaudich.) Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831
Andropogon serratus sensu Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 290. 1866, non Thunb., 1784
Rhaphis microstachya Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854, nom. inval., cited as synonym of A. parvispica
Rhaphis villosula Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854, nom. inval., cited as synonym of A. villosulus
Chrysopogon parviflorus (R. Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 537. 1878, isonym, non (R. Br.) Nees, 1843
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Sikkim, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**875. Capillipedium planipedicellatum Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 222. 1949 **
Dichanthium planipedicellatum (Bor) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135. 1979 (“1978”)
Filipedium planipedicellatum (Bor) Raizada & S.K. Jain, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 683. 1951
Type. India: Manipure State, Palel, alt. 2500 ft.; October 10, 1942; N.L. Bor 17059 (K).
Distribution. Manipur.
Habit. Perennial.
**876. Capillipedium pteropechys (C.B. Clarke) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3085. 1922 **
Andropogon pteropechys C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 88. t. 38. 1899. Syntypes: India: Kohima, alt. 5500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 41187 (K). Jakpho, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 41896 (K).
Dichanthium pteropechys (C.B. Clarke) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135. 1979 (“1978”). Type: India: Naga Hills, Kohima edge; *C.B. Clarke 61896A *(CAL).
Distribution. Manipur, Nagaland.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Chionachne R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 15, 18. 1838 **
**Type. **Chionachne barbata (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Aitch (Coix barbata Roxb.).
**877. **Chionachne digitata **(L.f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212132-1
Apluda digitata L.f., Suppl. Pl. 434. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in India”; Thunberg s.n.
Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 1916, Suppl. 2: 641. 1917
Coix heteroclita Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 572. 1832. Type: India: Bengal; Kyd s.n. Å1810 in herb. Roxburgh (BM, Icon. Ined. 2550= Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8627A, IDC microfiche 7394).
Polytoca heteroclita (Roxb.) Koord., Exkurs.-Fl. Java 1: 99. 1911
Polytoca bracteata R. Br., Pl. Rar. Jav. 20. t. 5. 1838. Type: Indonesia: Java, Prowoto Hills, 20 miles south of Semarang; 1809; Horsfield 113 (BM).
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce to Chionachne.
**878. Chionachne gigantea (J. Koenig) Veldkamp, Blumea 47(3): 559. 2002 **
Coix gigantea J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 211. 1788. Type: India: Andhra Pradesh, Circars; *Koenig s.n. *(BM, K, UPS, Herb. Thunberg 21727, IDC microfiche 1036).
Coix koenigii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 239. 1824 (“1825”), nom. nov. for *Coix arundinacea *J.Konig ex Willd.
Chionachne koenigii (Spreng.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 357. 1864
Polytoca barbata (Roxb.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 102. 1896
Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. gigantea (J. Koenig) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 100. 1896
Coix lingulata Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 5. 1891. Type: Burma: Shan Hills, Fort Stedmens, alt. 3000 ft.; H. Collett. s.n.
Coix barbata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 569. 1832. Type: India: Andhra Pradesh, Northern Circars, Moist rice field; Roxburgh s.n. (BM, sh. 47254, Icon. Ined. 871=Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8626-A:K, IDC microfiche 7394).
Chionachne barbata (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Aitch., Cat. Pl. Punjab Sindh 157. 1869
Coix crypsoides C. Mull., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19(45): 334. 1861. Type: Bengalia Indiae orientalis; Griffith s.n. (B (destroyed); IT: K).
Coix arundinacea J. Koenig ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 203. 1805, non Lam., 1791. Type: India: Transchaur, Rarissime; De Friedland s.n. (B-W-17908-b (IDC microfiche 7440)).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Some authors maintain Chionachne as distinct from Polytoca (Jannink and Veldkamp 2002), but Kellogg (2015b) combines them, pointing out that they are sister genera in molecular phylogenies and are morphologically similar.
**879. Chionachne punctata (R. Br.) Jannink, Blumea 47(3): 566–567, f. 8. 2002 **
Sclerachne punctata R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 15. t. 4. 1838. Type: Indonesia: Java, near Surakarta, Jebus village; Horsfield s.n. (BM).
Polytoca punctata (R. Br.) Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 102. 1896
Chionachne massii Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 78. 1890. Type: “Cette espece a été trouvée par M. Massie, pharmacien de la marine, dans les environs de Sontay. Elle a été recueillie aussi a Bac-ninh par M. Brousemiche.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra [Myanmar].
**Habit. **Annual.
**880. Chionachne semiteres (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 16. 1931 **
Polytoca semiteres Benth. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 101. 1896. Type: Deccan Peninsula, Palamcotta; Wight s.n. Burma: Taong-dong Hills; Wallich s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**881. Chionachne wallichiana (Nees) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212133-1
Cyathorhachis wallichiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 403. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8629
Polytoca wallichiana (Nees) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 52. 1881
Distribution. Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim [Myanmar].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Records for Mizoram and Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). The above combination is made here to transfer *Polytoca wallichiana *(Nees) Benth. to Chionachne.
**Chrysopogon Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 187. 1820, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. (Andropogon gryllus L.) (typ. cons.).
**882. Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 188. 1820 **
Andropogon aciculatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 22. 1788 (“1789”) (as “aciculatum”). Type: “Habitat in Indiae Orientalis sterilibus et ruderatis. Gramen aciculatum Rumph. Amb. VI. p. 14. pl. 5. f.1.” Lectotype: India; *Koenig s.n. in herb. Retzius *(LD). LT designated by Veldkamp in Austrobaileya 5(3): 509. 1999.
Rhaphis aciculatus (Retz.) Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831 (as “aciculare”)
Andropogon javanicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Lectotype: Indonesia: Java; Junghuhn s.n. (P). LT designated by Veldkamp in Austrobaileya 5(3): 510. 1999.
Centrophorum chinense Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 106. t. 5. 1820. Type: “Vidi ramum hujus Graminis singularis in Herbario ditissimo Gorenkensi.”
Rhaphis trivialis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 553. 1790. Type: “Habitat ubique prope vias, hominibus valde incommode in Cochinchina & China, quia vestibus adhaerens taediose avellitur, cum ex cuti nequeat.”
Chrysopogon trivialis Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 171. 1843, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.
Rhaphis javanica Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854, nom. invalid. cited as synonym of Andropogon javanicus.
Andropogon acicularis Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 812. 1817, orth. var.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**883. Chrysopogon asper Heyne ex Blatter & McCann, Sci. Monogr. Imp. Council Agric. Res. India (Bombay Grasses) 5: 68. 1935 **
Andropogon asper Heyne ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 189. 1896, non (Thunb.) Kunth, 1829, nom. later hom. illeg. Type: India: Madras, Pulicat Hills; Heyne s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**884. Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 211. 1907 **
Andropogon aucheri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(5): 77. 1844. Type: “Hab. in desertis Persiae australis; Aucher no. 5465.”
Chrysopogon ciliolatus (Nees ex Steud.) Boiss. var. aucheri Boiss. (Boiss), Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 458. 1884
Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**885. Chrysopogon castaneus Veldkamp & Salunkhe, Rheedea 10(1): 59. 2000 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Sindhudurg District, Amboli-Choukul, alt. 2320 ft.; September 18, 1993; S.R. Yadav 8678 (L).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**886. Chrysopogon copei N. Mohanan & Ravi, Rheedea 11(2): 87. 2001. **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli district, Shengelteri, 700 m, 22 December 2000, Mohanan**45125 (hototype: TBGT; isotype: CAL, CALI, K, MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**887. Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 327. 1929 **
Pollinia fulva Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 10. 1815. Type: “Habitat in Bengalia”; Roxburgh s.n.
Andropogon sprengelii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 166. 1829
Chrysopogon montanus Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 93. 1821. Type: “Hab. in India Orientali”; *Koenig s.n. ex herb. Banks in herb. Jacquin *(W).
Chrysopogon monticola Haines, Indian Forester 40(10): 495. 1914, nom. superfl. & illegit.
Andropogon montanus J. Koenig ex Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 93. 1821, pro. syn., nom. nud.
Andropogon monticola Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. I665. 1827, nom. superfl. for Chrysopogon montanus
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**888. Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 188. 1820 ssp. **gryllus
Andropogon gryllus L., Cent. Pl. II 33. 1756. Type: “Habitat in Rhaetia, Helvetia, Veronae, Sauvages, Seguier.” Lectotype: Seguier, Herb. Linn. No. 1211.2 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1863. 1985.
Holcus gryllus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 199. 1810
Pollinia gryllus (L.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 10. 1815
Andropogon royleanus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal.
Chrysopogon glabratus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 318. 1832. Type: “V. spp. Nepal.” Nepal; Wallich s.n.
Andropogon glabratus (Trin.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 91. 1840
Apluda gryllus sensu (L.) C. Presl, Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. 55. 1820, non P. Beauv., 1812
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**889. Chrysopogon gryllus L. ssp. echinulatus (Steud.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 701. 1980 **
Andropogon echinulatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 226.
Chrysopogon echinulata (Steud.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 10: 392. 1882
Andropogon gryllus L. ssp. echinulatus (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 552. 1889
Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin. var. echinulatus (Steud.) S.K. Jain, Phytotaxonomy 3: 136. 2004
Rhaphis echinulata Nees, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 417. 1840, nom invalid., nom. nud. Type: Northwest India; Royle 226 (LIV).
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**890. Chrysopogon hackelii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1739. 1934 **
Andropogon hackelii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194. 1896. Type: India: Travancore, Nilghiri Hills; Wight 1030 (K). Gondaloo Ghat, alt. 4500 ft.; Lawson s.n. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8783
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**891. Chrysopogon hamiltonii (Hook. f.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1036. 1924 **
Andropogon hamiltonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 190. 1896 (as “hamiltoni”). Type: India: Behar, Monghir; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**892. Chrysopogon lancearius (Hook. f.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1036. 1924 **
Andropogon lancearius Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 190. 1896. Syntypes: India: Sikkim Himalaya, Punkabaree; Kurz s.n. Chota Nagpore; Ramghur, Ghat, 1750 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**893. Chrysopogon lawsonii (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Austrobaileya 5(3): 515. 1999 **
Vetiveria lawsonii (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 409. 1928 (as “lawsoni”)
Andropogon lawsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 187. 1896. Type: India: Mysore, Bandypore, in moist ground, alt. 3000 ft.; Lawson s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Not recorded.
**894. Chrysopogon narayanii Sunil, Ratheesh, & Sivadasan, Phytotaxa 307 (4): 249. 2017. **
*Type. India: Kerala, Kannur district, Madayippara, 40 m, 5 December 2014, *Sunil, R. Narayanam7187 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**895. Chrysopogon nodulibarbis (Hochst ex Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 534. 1941 **
Andropogon nodulibarbis Hochst ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Mountains;* R.F. Hohencaker 934*
Andropogon zeylanicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka.
Chrysopogon zeylanicus (Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 366. 1864
Andropogon peninsulae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8785 as “Chrysopogon”
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**896. Chrysopogon orientalis (Desv.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 332. 1922 **
Rhaphis orientalis Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831. Type: “India orientalis.” India; Klein 392 (B-W-18636 (sheet 4)).
Andropogon aristulatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 372. 1854. Type: “Ins. Borbon”
Andropogon breviaristatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri Hills, prope Kaity; October 18; R. F. Hohenacker 1285 (P).
Andropogon wightianus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 395. 1854. Lectotype: India; Wight 1676 (P). LT designated by Veldkamp, Austrobaileya 5(3): 518. 1999.
Chrysopogon wightianus (Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 366. 1864
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**897. Chrysopogon polyphyllus (Hack. ex Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 416. 1928 **
Andropogon polyphyllus Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194–195. 1896. Type: India: Madhya Pradesh, Khandua, Chanda and Jubbulpore Districts, by the Nerbudda and Indravati rivers; J.C. Duthie 8491 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [also in Malaysia, North America].
Habit. Perennial.
**898. Chrysopogon pseudozeylanicus K.G. Bhat & Nagendran, Reinwardtia 10(2): 128, f. 2. 1985 **
Type. India: Karnataka State, South Kanara District, Charmadi ghat, about 15 km from Kotigehar on the way to Dharmasthala; November, 1977; K.G. Bhat 550A (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Perennial.
**899. Chrysopogon purushothamanii Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 10(2): 94. f. 2. 2000 **
Type. India: Kerala State, Pathanamthitta District. Kozhanchery Taluk, Kokkathode, Kattathipara, alt. 500 ft.; November 25, 2000; Ravi 44811 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**900. Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(3): 318. 1832 **
Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. var. serrulatus (Trin.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 466. 1945
Chrysopogon montanus Trin. var. serrulatus (Trin.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 160. 1917, in obs.
Andropogon coeruleus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 395. 1854. Type: India; Royle Herb. no. 254, 255
Andropogon ciliolatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India; Royle Herb. no. 318. India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8788
Chrysopogon ciliolatus (Steud.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 458. 1884
Andropogon monticola Schultes var. trinii (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 193. 1896
Andropogon trinii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 395. 1854. Type: Nepal
Andropogon trinii Steud. var. increscens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 558–559. 1889. Syntypes: India: Coutrallum; Wight 1030. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 2954
Chrysopogon wightianus (Steud.) Thwaites var. leucanthus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 366. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Doombera District; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3248
Type. Nepal; 1821; *Wallich *(Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8791).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**901. Chrysopogon tadulingamii Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 198. f. 15. 1983 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Periye, alt. 200 ft.; October 18, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71758 (CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**902. Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 119. 1960 **
Andropogon velutinus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194. 1896. Type: India: Mysore, Chuddapah; Wight 2314
Chrysopogon velutinus Arn. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194. 1896, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**903. Chrysopogon verticillatus (Roxb.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 360. 1840 **
Andropogon verticillatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 267. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Mountains, flowering about the end of the wet season.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**904. Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, Bull. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire 22: 106. 1960 **
Phalaris zizanioides L., Mant. Pl. Altera 183. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.12 (LINN). LT designated by van der Zon in Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 92-1: 409. 1992.
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 67, 1326. 1903
Anatherum zizanioides (L.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 285. 1917
Andropogon zizanioides (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill. (Urban). 4: 79. 1903
Holcus zizanioides (L.) Kuntze ex Stuck., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 48. 1904
Sorghum zizanioides (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 791. 1891
Andropogon festucoides J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 340. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzon Island; *T. Haenke s.n. *(PR).
Andropogon muricatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 43. 1783 (as “muricatum”). Type: “Dedit Honoratiss Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n.
Anatherum muricatum (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 150. t. 22. f. 10. 1812
Vetiveria muricata (Retz.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 560. 1864
Vetiveria arundinacea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 559. 1864. Type: “P.B. Agrost. t. 22. f. 10 anal.”
Vetiveria odorata Virey, J. Pharm. 13: 501. 1827. Type: “East Indies. Ref. is made to Bull. Soc. Philom. 1822: 44.”
Vetiveria odoratissima Lem.-Lisanc., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 43. 1822. Type: Sri Lanka: “à Bourbon à l’lile de France oú elle a été apportée, sous l’ intendance de M. Poivre’, M. Poivre”( P?). (vide Tropicos)
Andropogon squarrosus sensu Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 233. 1900, non L. f., 1781
Agrostis verticillata Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1: 59. 1783, non Vill., 1779. Type: “Cette plante croit dans I’Inde, & m’a été communiqué par M. Sonnerat.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Widely cultivated.
**Cleistachne Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: 60, t. 1379. 1882 **
**Type. **Cleistachne sorghoides Benth.
**905. Cleistachne sorghoides Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: 60, t. 1379. 1882 **
Cleistachne stocksii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 162–163. 1896. Type: India: Malabar, Bababoodan Hills; J.E. Stocks s.n., Ritchie s.n.
**Type. **Mozambique: Shubanga, on the Zambesi; J. Kirk s.n. (K).
Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Bihar and Gujarat fide Naithani (1990).
**Coix L., Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Coix lacryma-jobi L. LT designated by G. V. Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 82. 1909; affirmed by Hitchcock, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 250. 1918.
**906. Coix aquatica Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 571–572. 1832 **
Type. India: Lower parts of Bengal, generally found floating on lakes; Roxburgh s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**907. Coix lacryma-jobi L., Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753 **
Lithagrostis lacryma-jobi (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 7. t. 1. f. 10. 1788
Coix agrestis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 551. 1790. Type: “Habitat agrestis in locis humidis.”
Coix arundinacea Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 3(2): 422. 1792. Type: “Cette plante croit dans les pays chauds de l’Amerique.”
Coix exaltata J. Jacq., Ecl. Gram. Rar. 60. t. 40. 1820. Type: China
Coix lacryma L., Syst. Nat., ed 10. 2: 1261. 1759, nom. superfl. & illegit. for C. lacryma-jobi.
Coix ovata Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 343. 1812, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Coix pendula Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 28. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1098.1 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 857. 1982.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**908. Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. stenocarpa Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1764. 1888 **
Coix stenocarpa (Oliv.) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 77–78. 1890
Coix tubulosa Hack. ex Warbg. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13(2): 260. 1890. Type: “Sattelberg bei Finschhafen.” Papua New Guinea; E.F. Warburg 20946 (B).
Syntypes. Burma; G. Watt s.n. India: Mergui; Griffith s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoran, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**909. Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 100. 1896 **
Coix ma-yuen Rom. Caill., Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France ser. 2, 8: 442. 1881. Type: India: Sikkim, up to 5000 ft.; Watt?
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
910. Coix puellarum Balansa, J. **Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 77. 1890 **
Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. puellarum (Balansa) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 220. 1922
Type. Vietnam: Tonkin; Balansa s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh [China, Myanmar].
**Habit. **Annual.
**Cymbopogon Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 14. 1815 **
**Lectotype. **Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (Andropogon schoenanthus L.). LT designated by N.L. Britton & P. Wilson in Bot. Porto Rico 1: 27. 1923.
**911. Cymbopogon caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 360–361. 1906 **
Andropogon caesius Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 244. 1838. Syntypes: India; *Wight 1700b *(K). “N. ab E. in Wight Cat. n. 1700”. [China]: “Hab. a et b, in vicinia urbis Macao, et in insulis adjectis; Millett; G.H. Vachell, n. 41. a.”
Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 610. 1889
Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. gracillimus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 205. 1896. Type: Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8796
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**912. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 322, 357. 1906 **
Andropogon citratus DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 78. 1813 (as “citratum”). Type: “Cult. at Montpellier, France, from seed collected in Asia” Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 5. p. 181. under Schoenanthum amboinicum, Specimen from Lambert’s Garden (BM).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Widely cultivated.
**913. Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook. f.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 321, 356. 1906 **
Andropogon nardus L. var. coloratus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 206–207. 1896. Syntypes: India; Heyne s.n., Wight s.n.
Andropogon nardus L. ssp. glomeratus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 604. 1889. Type: Peninsular India Orientalis; Wight 3087
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**914. Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 211. 1907 var. **commutatus
Andropogon commutatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 387. 1854. Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 685 (P).
Cymbopogon parkeri Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929(1): 10–11. 1929. Type: India: United Provinces, very common in the Ettawah afforestation area; August, 1923; R.S. Pearson s.n.
Andropogon laniger sensu Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India 35. t. 23. 1888, non Desf., 1799
Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India, except for Goa and Jammu and Kashmir, all fide Naithani (1990).
**915. Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf var. jammuensis (Gupta) Naithani, Fl. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan 483. 1990 **
Cymbopogon parkeri Stapf var. jammuensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:96. 1970
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Perennial.
**916. Cymbopogon distans (Nees) Wats., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 **
Andropogon distans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 387. 1854. Lectotype: Nepal; Royle 236 (LIV). LT designated by Soenarko, Reiwardtia 9: 356. 1977.
Cymbopogon distans (Nees) Wats. var. mundensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:97. 1970
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990).
**917. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N.W. Prov. 392. 1982 var. **flexuosus
Andropogon flexuosus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac.(Steudel) 1: 388. 1854. Type: India; Wight 1704 (P). “A. nardus Klein herb. Ind. or.”
Andropogon nardus L. ssp. flexuosus (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 603. 1889. Type: Peninsular India; Wight 171
Cymbopogon travancorensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 174–176. f. 24. 1954. Type: India: Courtallum, Tinnevelly; November 11, 1908; Bourne 5309 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**918. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Will. Watson var. coimbatore B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B. 71: 94. 1970 **
Type. India; B.K. Gupta 32 (DD).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**919. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Will. Watson var. sikkimensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 162. 1954 **
Syntypes. India: Sikkim, Kynanooka, Terai; November, 1878; J.S. Gamble 7363. Tuckvar; September 19, 1874; Treutler 792. Rungpo, alt.; November 3, 1909; I.H. Burkill 34063. West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Badamtam, Ranjit; November 1, 1909; I.H. Burkill 34012.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Sikkim fide Naithani (1990).
**920. Cymbopogon gidarba (Buch.- Ham. ex Steud.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1048. 1924 var. **gidarba
Andropogon gidarba Buch.- Ham. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 387. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8797
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**921. Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 458. 1824 ssp. jwarancusa (“iwarancusa”) **
Andropogon jwarancusa Jones, Asiat. Res. 4: 109. 1795. Type: India: Lucnow; Blane s.n.
Andropogon himalayensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 421. 1899, non Steud., 1854. Type: India: Jihri Garhwal, Tous Valley, alt. 3000–4000 ft.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**922. Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. var. assamensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:95. 1970. **
Distribution. Assam.
Habit. Perennial.
923. Cymbopogon jwarancusa** (Jones) Schult. ssp. olivieri (Boiss.) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 307. 1977 **
Andropogon olivieri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(5): 76. 1844. Type: Iraq: Baghdad (“Mesopotamia”); 1834; Archer Eloy 2955 (G).
Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss.) Bor, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25(1): 62. 1963
Andropogon iwarancusa Jones ssp. laniger (Desf.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 203. 1896
Andropogon laniger Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 379. 1800. Type: “Habitat in montibus prope Cafsam” (as “lanigerum”)
Cymbopogon ladakhensis B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B. 71: 10. 1970. Type: India: Kashmir; B.K. Gupta 37 (DD).
Cymbopogon schoenanthus sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 131. 1960, non (L.) Spreng., 1815
Andropogon schoenanthus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 204. 1896, non L., 1753
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**924. Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 92. 1938 **
Andropogon nardus L. ssp. khasianus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 603. 1889. Type: [Bangladesh] India: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8794-H; Griffith 6764, 6765 (K).
Andropogon khasianus Munro ex Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India 88. 1888, nom. nud.
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**925. Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 **
Andropogon martini Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 280–281. 1820. Type: “A native of the high lands of Balla-ghat, General Martin collected the seeds while there with the army, during the last war with Tippoo Sultan, and has reared abundance of it at Lucknow.”
Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. martini (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 204. 1896
Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will. Watson var. sofia B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 71: 97. 1970
Andropogon pachnodes Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(3): 284. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich s.n.
Cymbopogon pachnodes (Trin.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N.W. Prov. 392. 1882
Cymbopogon motia B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 71: 92. 1970. Type: India; *B.K. Gupta 25 *(DD).
Cymbopogon martinianus Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 459. 1824, nom. superfl. & illegit. for *Andropogon martini *Roxb.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Native to India; also cultivated.
Habit. Perennial.
**926. Cymbopogon microstachys (Hook. f.) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 364. 1977 **
Andropogon nardus L. var. microstachys Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 207. 1896. Lectoype: India: Garo Hills; Mann s.n. (vide Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 364. 1977)
Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Will.Watson var. microstachys (Hook. f.) Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 162. 1954
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China, Myanmar].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**927. Cymbopogon microthecus (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 284. 1921 **
Andropogon microtheca Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 208. 1896. Type: Nepal: East Nepal, hot Valleys, alt. 3000–4000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.
Distribution. Bihar, Sikkim [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**928. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 155. 1899 var. **nardus
Andropogon nardus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1046. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 2: 66, No. 45 (BM-000594628). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 764. 1982.
Andropogon ampliflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 388. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 849 (P).
Andropogon thwaitesii Hook. f., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 243. 1900. Type: Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya; August, 1864; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3784 (K).
Cymbopogon thwaitesii (Hook. f.) Willis, Revis. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1911
Andropogon distans Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 367. 1864, non Nees ex Steud., 1854
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**929. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf ex Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51: 905. 1953 **
Andropogon confertiflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 385. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 932 (K).
Cymbopogon confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 318, 355. 1906
Andropogon nardus L. var. nilagiricus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 206. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 932 (S-G402).
Andropogon nardus L. var. luridus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 206. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills; Schmid s.n. Sri Lanka; Gardner s.n., Maxwell s.n.
Andropogon nardus L. ssp. nilagiricus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 604. 1889. Type: cited many syntypes
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**930. Cymbopogon osmastonii R. Parker, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 31: 126. 1932 **
**Type. **India: Assam, Kheri District; Osmaston 1430 (K).
Distribution. Assam, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**931. Cymbopogon pendulus (Nees) Will.Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 **
Andropogon pendulus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 388. 1854. Type: Nepal
Distribution. Assam [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**932. Cymbopogon polyneuros (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 345, 361. 1906 **
Andropogon polyneuros Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 385. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri Hills; R.F. Hohenacker 933 (L).
Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. versicolor (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 610. 1889
Andropogon versicolor Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 388. 1854. Type: East Indies.
Cymbopogon versicolor (Steud.) J.F. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882
Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**933. Cymbopogon pospischilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. 1949: 175. 1949 **
Andropogon pospischilii K. Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 328. 1897. Type: Mozambique: Muani; February; Pospischil s.n.(B).
Andropogon nardus L. var. stracheyi Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 207. 1896. Syntypes: India: Kumaon; R. Strechey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. as A. martini. Kalenath, alt. 6000 ft.; R. Strechey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Pangi; Stolizka s.n.
Cymbopogon stracheyi (Hook. f.) Raizada & S.K. Jain, Indian Forester 80(1): 44. 1954
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**934. Cymbopogon ramnagarensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:86. 1970 **
Type. B. K. Gupta 30; India (Dehra Dun).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Soenarko (1977) suggests that this species is a hybrid and should be known as C. x stracheyi (Hook.f.) Raizada & S.K. Jain.
**935. Cymbopogon traninhensis (A. Camus) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 347. 1977 **
Cymbopogon confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf var. traninhensis A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 565. 1920. Type: Laos: Traninh “Spontane sur les hauts plateaux de Tra ninh”; Mieville s.n. (P).
Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor var. nagensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 169. 1954. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Shiloi Jopi, alt. 8000 ft.; November, 1935; N.L. Bor 10 (K).
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland [China, Myanmar].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**936. Cymbopogon travancorensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 174. 1954 **
Type. India: Travancore: Courtallam, Tennevelly District; November 11, 1908; Bourne 5309 (K).
**Distribution. **Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**937. Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 4: 188. 1908 **
Type. Sri Lanka: Pillagoda Valley, Buddegama S. P.; February 11, 1908; A.W. Winter s.n. (K).
Distribution. Maharashtra [China, Sri Lanka]. Native to India, but also cultivated.
Habit. Perennial.
**Dichanthium Willemet, Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 11. 1796 **
**Type. **Dichanthium nodosum Willemet, nom. illeg. (Andropogon annulatus Forssk. (as “annulatum”), Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf.
**938. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 178. 1917 **
Andropogon annulatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 173. 1775 (as “annulatum”). Type: “Passim ad ripas Nili.” Egypt: Rashid, banks of Nile River; June, 1762; Forsskal 127 (C).
Lepeocercis annulata (Forssk.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 98. 1841
Andropogon garipensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 379. 1854. Type: “Ad fluv. Garip. Afr. austr.” India; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8810C)
Andropogon obtusus Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 243. 1838 (as “obtuso”). Type: Not given.
Andropogon scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 262. 1820. Type: India: “Grows commonly in hedges.”
Andropogon comosus sensu Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 239. 1827, non Spreng., 1819
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**939. Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 654. 1939 **
Andropogon aristatus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 585. 1811 (as “aristatum”). Type: “Cette plante a été observée a l’lle de-France par Commerson. (Herb. Desfont.)”
Andropogon mollicomus Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 365 t. 96. 1830. Type: “Crescit in insulis Franciae et Timor.”
Lepeocercis mollicoma (Kunth) Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 185. 1835
Andropogon caricosus L. var. mollicomus (Kunth) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 569. 1889
Diplasanthum lanosum Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 67. t. 5. f. 1. 1831. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.”
Andropogon nodosus Nash, N. Amer. Fl*.* 17(2): 122. 1912, nom. superfl. & illeg.?
Dichanthium nodosum Willemet, Ann. Bot. (Usteri). 18: 11. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon annulatum Forssk.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**940. Dichanthium armatum (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32(2): 357. 1927 (as “Dicanthio armato”) **
Andropogon armatus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 197. 1896. Type: India: Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n.
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**941. Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 549. 1921, nom. cons. **
Andropogon caricosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1480. 1763 (as “caricosum”), nom. cons. Type: “Habitat in India.”
Andropogon filiformis Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 103. 1805 (as “filiforme”)
Heteropogon concinnus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 368. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Badulla District, Bibili, at no great elevation; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3556
Andropogon serratus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 21. 1788 (“1789”), (as “serratum”) non Thunb., 1784. Type: “Crescit ad oras fluminis in Bengalia, Cel Koening.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**942. Dichanthium concanense (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) (as “concanensis”) **
Andropogon concanensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 174. 1896. Type: India: Maharashtra, Bombay; Woodrow 28 (K).
Bothriochloa concanensis (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940
Amphilophis concanensis (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 422. 1928
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**943. Dichanthium foulkesii (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) **
Andropogon foulkesii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 174. 1896. Syntypes: India: Nilghiri Hills; Wight s.n. Kaity; Foulkes s.n.(K).
Bothriochloa foulkesii (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940
Amphilophis foulkesii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1732. 1934
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**944. Dichanthium jainii (Deshp. & Hemadri) Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 21(1–4): 198. 1981 (“1979”) **
Bothriochloa jainii Deshp. & Hemadri, Indian Forester 97(10): 593. 1971. Type: India: Maharashtra, Poona District, Junnar, Dhak Khilla; October 29, 1964; K. Hemadri 104241A (CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**945. Dichanthium mccannii Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 357. 1927 **
Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Satara District, Panchgani; October, 1925; *C. McCann s.n. *(BLAT).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**946. Dichanthium oliganthum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 703. 1980 **
Andropogon oliganthus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 368. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Mountains; Metz, ed R.F. Hohenacker Herb. Ind. no. 1288 (K).
Heteropogon oliganthus (Hochst. ex Steud.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 623. 1928
Indochloa oligantha (Hochst. ex Steud.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 79. 1954
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**947. Dichanthium pallidum (Hook. f.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1741. 1934 **
Apocopis pallida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 143. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills; Foulkes s.n.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**948. Dichanthium panchganiense Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 357. t. 1. 1927 **
Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Satara District, Panchgani; November, 1925; *C. McCann s.n. *(BLAT).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**949. Dichanthium paranjpyeanum (Bhide) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(3): 579. 1978 **
Andropogon paranjpyeanus Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n.s. 7: 514. 1911. Type: India: Bombay, Castle Rock; Bhide s.n. (K, isotype).
Eremopogon paranjpyeanus (Bhide) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 427. 1928 (as “paranjpyeanum”)
Schizachyrium paranjpyeanum (Bhide) Raizada & Jain, Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 3: 130. 1953
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**950. Dichanthium tuberculatum (Hack.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 703. 1980 **
Andropogon tuberculatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 404. 1889. Type: India: Assirgar;* O. Kuntze s.n.* (W).
Eremopogon tuberculatus (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 208. 1921
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**Diectomis Kunth, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 69. 1815, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Diectomis fastigiata (Sw.) P. Beauv. (Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. (as “fastigiatum”)).
**951. Diectomis fastigiata (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 132, 150, 160. 1812 **
Andropogon fastigiatus Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 26. 1788 (as “fastigiatum”). Type: Jamaica; Swatrz s.n.
Pollinia fastigiata (Sw.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 13. 1815
Andropogon diatherus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 378–379. 1854. Type: Oaxaca
Andropogon hochstetteri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 384. 1854. Type: Abyssinia; Schimper 2013 (P).
Heteropogon hochstetteri (Steud.) Andersson ex Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 306. 1867
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**Dimeria R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 204. 1810 **
**Type. **Dimeria acinaciformis R. Br.
**952. Dimeria agasthyamalayana Kiran Raj & Ravi, Rheedea 11(2): 93. 2001 **
Type. India: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram District, Agasthyamala Hills, Bonaccord, alt. 2500 ft.; February 1, 2000; Kiran Raj 41939 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**953. Dimeria andamanica Gosavi, M.Y. Kamble, Chandore & S.R. Yadav, Phytotaxa 270(4): 296. 2016. **
Type. India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman, Chidiya Tapu, 28 m, 12 December 2014, M. Y. Kamble 32185 (holotype: CAL, isotype: PBL, SUK).
Distribution. Andaman Islands.
Habit. Annual.
**954. Dimeria aristata (Hack.) Senaratna, Grasses Ceylon (Perad. Man., No. 8) 163. 1956 **
Dimeria lehmannii Hack. var. aristata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 83. 1889
Distribution. Orisssa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**955. Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 72. 1932 **
Anthoxanthum avenaceum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 8. 1783 (as “auenaceum”). Type: “E. Tranquebaria misit cel. Koenig.”
Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) C.E.C. Fisch. var. elatior (Hook. f.) Bor, Kew Bull.1952: 562. 1952
Dimeria elatior (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 162. 1956
Dimeria pusilla Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 369. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Kokotodua; Gardner Ceylon Plant 954.
Dimeria pusilla Thwaites var. elatior Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 103. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka: Trincomalee; Glennie Ceylon Plant 957.
Dimeria acutipes Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 560. 1952. Type: India: Madras State; September, 1898; Bourne 35 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**956. Dimeria balakrishnaniana K. Ravik., Sreek. & Lakshm., Kew Bull. 45(3): 573. 1990 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Madurai District, High Wavy’s Mountains, Nursery Valley, 4500 ft.; January 22, 1988; Lakshmanan 87543 (CAL).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**957. Dimeria bialata C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 351. 1933 **
Type. India: Kanara District, Siradi; November; A. Meebold 10548.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**958. Dimeria blatteri Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 70. 1949 **
Type. India: Bombay, Khandala, Echo Point; October, 1918; *Blatter & McCann s.n. *(BLAT).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**959. Dimeria chelariensis Ravi, Rheedea 5(1): 37. f. 1. 1995 **
Type. India: Kerala, Malappuram District, Chelari; November 28, 1992; N. Ravi 3606 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**960. Dimeria connivens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 689. (add.) 1889 **
Type. India orientalis, loco speciali collectoreque ignoto; T. Anderson s.n.
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**961. Dimeria copeana Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78: 577. f. 9. 1981 **
Type. India: Kerala, Alleppey District, Thrikkunna Puzha; March 13, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 66736 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**962. Dimeria copei Ravi, Blumea 41(1): 251. 1996 **
Type. India: Kerala, Alappuzha District, Kalavoor; December 3, 1992; Ravi 3655 (TGBT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**963. Dimeria deccanensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 578. 1952 **
Type. India: Madras State, Pilicode, S. Kanara; November 11, 1917; 15340 ex Madras Herb. (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**964. Dimeria eradii Ravi, Rheedea 5(1): 39. f. 2. 1995 **
Type. India: Kerala, Malppuram Distrrict, Tenhipa’am; November 29, 1992; N. Ravi 3641 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Annual.
**965. Dimeria falcata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 85. 1889 **
Distribution. North East India [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**966. Dimeria fasciculata P. Kumari & R. Lakra, Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(7): 484–490. 2018. **
Type. India: Andaman Islands, Middle Andaman, Panchvati, 08 February 2017, Reshma Lakra**32835 (holotype: CAL; isotype: PBL).
Distribution. Andaman Islands.
Habit. Annual.
**967. Dimeria fischeri Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 564. 1952 **
Type. India: Madras State, Mahendragiri; C.E.C. Fischer 133 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**968. Dimeria fuscescens Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 335. 1832 **
**Type. **Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8841.
Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**969. Dimeria gracilis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 413. 1855 **
Dimeria laxiuscula Thwaites & Trimen, J. Bot. 23: 272. 1885. Type: Sri Lanka: Pasdun Korle; September, 1864; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3863 in Herb. Perad.; Kulutara; December, 1882
Dimeria leptorhachis Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 89. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 3261
Dimeria pilosissima (J. Presl) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 369. 1864, non Trin., 1832, isonym
Type. Sri Lanka; Lindley s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**970. Dimeria hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 35. 1851 **
Psilostachys hohenackeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 413. 1855. Type: India; R.F. Hohenacker 231
Arthraxon hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 413. 1855, pro syn., nom. inval.
Type. India: Manglore; Metz 231b.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**971. Dimeria idukkiensis Ravi & N. Anilkumar, Rheedea 2(2): 104. 1992 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Peermedu, Kuttikkanam; October 19, 1991; Anil Kumar 3190 (MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**972. Dimeria jainii Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Curr. Sci. 52(6): 259. f. 1. 1983 **
Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Pokkunnamalai, Nanminda, alt. 2700 ft.; October 29, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71814 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**973. Dimeria jayachandranii Arisdason & P. Daniel, Kew Bull. 64(2): 345, f. 1. 2009. **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore District, Anamalais hills, Karian Shola, 800–1000 m, 5 December 2002, Arisdason 115578 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Annual.
**974. Dimeria josephii Ravi & N. Mohanan, Rheedea 11(2): 90–92. f. 2. 2001 **
Type. India: Kerala, Palakkad District, Nenmara, 250 ft.; November 24, 1998; Ravi 39542 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**975. Dimeria kalavoorensis Ravi, Blumea 41(1): 251. 1996 **
Type. India: Kerala, Alappuzha District, Kalavoor; December 3, 1992; Ravi 3654 (TGBT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**976. Dimeria kaleri P. Biju, Josekutty & Augustine, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 25(1): 14. 2018. **
Type. India, Kerala, Kasaragod district, Karakkode lateritic plateau, 75 m, 12 December, *Biju &*Jomy 1166 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Not mentioned.
**977. Dimeria kalliyadense Biju, Josekutty & Augustine, Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(11): 705–711. 2017. **
Type. India: Kerala, Kannur district, Kalliyad lateritic plateau, 190 m, 14 September 2013, *Biju &*Jomy 2468 (holotype: CAL, isotype: MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**978. Dimeria kanjirapallilana Jacob, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 48. 1947 (as “kanijirapallilana”) **
Type. South India, Travancore, Peermade, alt. 3200 ft.; December, 1941; K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH-86320).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**979. Dimeria keralae N.C. Nair, Sreek. & V.J. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 626. f. 1–16. 1984 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Paramba, Bandudka, alt. 500 ft.; October 16, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71717 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**980. Dimeria kollimalayana M. Mohanan & A.V.N. Rao, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 617. f. 1–10. 1984 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Salem District, Kollimalai, alt. 3900; February 19, 1982; M. Mohanan 56802 (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**981. Dimeria kurzii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 103. 1896 **
Type. Myanmar: Pegu, 27 December 1870, S. Kurz 2741 (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Nagaland.
Habit. Annual.
**982. Dimeria lawsonii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1713. 1934 **
Dimeria pusilla Thwaites var. lawsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 103. 1896. Type: India: Malabar, Wynaad; Lawson s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**983. Dimeria lehmannii (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 82. 1889 (as “lehmanni”) **
Pterygostachyum lehmannii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 413. 1855 (as “lehmanni”). Type: India
Dimeria lehmanii (Nees) Hack. var. mutica Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 83. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 955
Dimeria alata Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 105. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka; 1864; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 955 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**984. Dimeria mahendragiriensis Ravi, H.O. Saxena & Brahmam, Rheedea 5(2): 142. 1995 **
Type. India: Odisha, Gajapati District, Mahendragiri hill, 1350 m, 22 November 1979, H. O Saxena & M. Brahmam 3880 (holotype: RRLB).
Distribution. Odisha.
Habit. Perennial
**985. Dimeria mooneyi Raizada ex Mooney, Suppl. Bot. Bihar Orissa 263. 1950 **
Dimeria borii Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 3(2): 657. f. 1. 1982. Type: India: Kerala, Calicut District, Kanjeerakkadavu, near Kakkayam, alt. 3000 ft.; November 26, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71855 (CAL).
Type. India: Orissa, Sambalpur District, close to Sonabera Village, alt. 2300 ft.; Mooney 3652 & 3657 (K, DD).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual or perennial.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**986. Dimeria namboodiriana Ravi & N. Mohanan, Rheedea 7(1): 1. 1997. **
Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, Ponnambalamedu, 5 January 1996, Ravi 24050 (holotype: TBGT, iso: K, KFRI, L, MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**987. Dimeria orissae Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 579. 1952 **
Type. India: Orissa, Pipokhuri, Keonjhar State, alt. 3200 ft.; October 1, 1946; H.F. Mooney 2758 (K).
Distribution. Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**988. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 167. t. 14. 1820 var. **ornithopoda
Andropogon roxburghianus Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 451. 1824. Type: India: Calcutta; Roxburgh s.n.
Andropogon stipiformis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(4–5): 377. 1854. Japon. ex Hrbo. Mus. Lug. Batav.
Dimeria stipiformis Miq., Prolus. Fl. Japon. 176. 1866 (as “stipaeformis”)
Dimeria filiformis Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 35. 1851, nom. superfl. for *Andropogon roxburghianus *Schult.
Psilostachys filiformis Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 305. 1861 nom. superfl. for *Andropogon roxburghianus *Schult.
Andropogon filiformis Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 260. 1820, non Pers., 1805
Type. India orientali.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**989. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. gracillima Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 576. 1952 **
Syntypes. India: Bihar, Parasnath, alt. 4000 ft.; October 1, 1873; C.B. Clarke 21084B. Ibidem, alt. 4500 ft.; October 1, 1833; C.B. Clarke 33719A &C.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**990. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. khasiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 576. 1952 **
Syntypes. India: Assam, Khasia Hills, Cherra, alt. 4000 ft.; October 6, 1867; C.B. Clarke 5625. Ibidem, Mamloo, 4000 ft.; September 24, 1886; C.B. Clarke 45095A. Ibidem; Griffith s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990).
**991. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. megalantha Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 576. 1952 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Bombay, Belgaum; May 25, 1914; Anonymous no. 14.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka (Naithani), Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**992. Dimeria pubescens Hack., Monogr Phan. 6: 83. 1889 **
Dimeria ceylanica Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 562. 1952. Type: Sri Lanka; Gardner 1008, Thwaites 956 p.p. (K, DD).
Dimeria kurumthotticalana Jacob, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 49. 1947. Type: India: Travancore, Peermade, alt. 3200; December, 1941; K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH- 86320A).
Dimeria trimenii Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 198. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka: Elpiliya Patana; Pearson s.n., Unknown locality; Trimen s.n
Type. C. P. Thwaites 956 ex p., “in insula Ceylon”.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**993. Dimeria raizadae V.J. Nair, Sreek. & N.C. Nair, Indian J. Forest. 6(2): 163. f. 1–8. 1983 **
Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Pokkunnamalai, near Nanminda, alt. 2700 ft.; October 29, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71812 (CAL).
**Distribution. **Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**994. Dimeria raviana Kiran Raj & Sivad., Phytotaxa 195(2): 193. 2015 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki district, Periyar Tiger Reserve, 950 m, Jomy s.n. (holotype: CAL, isotype: KFRI).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**995. Dimeria santapaui M. R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 510. f. A–I. 1970 **
**Type. **India: North Kanara, Mirjan flats; October, 1919; Sedgwick & Bell 6875 (BLAT).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**996. Dimeria sivarajanii N. Mohanan & Ravi, Rheedea 6(2): 47. f. 1. 1996 **
Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, Kochu Pampa Hills; January 4, 1996; Ravi TBG & RI 24041 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**997. Dimeria sreenarayanae Ravi & N. Anilkumar, Rheedea 2: 101. 1992 (as “sreenarayanii”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Peermudu, Kuttikkanam; December 30, 1991; Anil Kumar 3297 (MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**998. Dimeria stapfiana C.E. Hubb. ex Pilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 14e: 109. 1940 **
Woodrowia diandra Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2447. 1896. Type: India: Poona District, Mawal; Woodrow s.n.
Dimeria diandra (Stapf) Stapf ex Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n.s.) 7(8): 516. 1912 (“1911”), non Griff., 1851
Type. “Zierliche, meist einjahrige Graser, Blatter nach oben zu am Halm an Grosse abnehmend.”
Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra.
**Habit. **Annual.
**999. Dimeria thwaitesii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 78. 1889 **
Dimeria pusilla Thwaites var. pallida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 103. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka: Damboul; *Thwaites Ceylon Plant 957 *(p.p.).
Type. Sri Lanka: Dambool; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3965.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**1000. Dimeria veldkampii Kiran Raj & Sivad., Novon 18(2): 183, f. 1. 2008. **
Type. India: Goa, North Goa district, Taleigao, 50 m, 27 October 2002, M. S. Kiran Raj 81073 (holotype: CALI, isotype: MH, MO).
Distribution. Goa.
Habit. Annual.
**1001. Dimeria woodrowii Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2312. 1894 **
Type. India: Rutnagherry District, Bombay, near Goa; Woodrow s.n.
Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Elionurus **Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 941. 1806 (as “Elyonurus”), nom. & orth. cons. **
**Type. **Elionurus tripsacoides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
**1002. Elionurus royleanus Nees ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 471. 1850–1851 **
Type. “Crescit in declivitatibus ad fluvii Tacazze ripam sinistram (Schimper).” Ethiopia: Tacazze; Schimper 795 (P?).
Distribution. Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Eremochloa Buse, Gram. (Buse) 17. 1854 **
**Type. **Eremochloa horneri Buse,
**1003. Eremochloa muricata (Retz.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 262. 1889 **
Aegilops muricata Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 2: 27. 1781. Type: “Ex India Orientali diu habui pro exaltata, donec illam benevoletia Cl. D. Konig accepi.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD).
Rottboellia muricata (Retz.) Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 12. 1783
Ischaemum pectinatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 296. 1832. Lectotype: Burma; 1826–1827; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 015 in herb. Trinius 95.3(LE). LT designated by Buitenhuis & Veldkamp in Blumea 46(2): 410. 2001.
Andropogon pectinatus (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1004. Eremochloa zeylanica Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 263. 1889 **
Andropogon falcatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854
Ischaemum falcatum (Steud.) Nees ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 436. 1864
Ischaemum zeylanicum (Hack.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 107. 1885. Type: Sri Lanka: Kornegala, Hill slopes, 3000–5000 ft.; September, 1862; Ceylon Plant Thwaites 3322
Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 3322 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Eremopogon Stapf (1917), Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 182–183. 1917 **
**Lectotype. **Eremopogon foveolatus (Delile) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 183. 1917 (Andropogon foveolatus Delile). LT designated by Maire, Fl. Afrique Nord 1: 275. 1952).
**1005. Eremopogon foveolatus (Delile) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 183. 1917 **
Andropogon foveolatus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 16, t. 8, f. 2. 1813, (“1812”) (as “foveolatum”). Type: “Fleurit en hiver dans les vallees sablonneuses de l’isthme de Soneys.” Egypt: l’isthe de Soneys; no date;* A.R. Delile s.n.*(P).
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 170. 1960
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Eriochrysis P. Beauv., Essai Agrostogr. 8. 1812 **
**Type. **Eriochrysis cayanensis P. Beauv.
**1006. Eriochrysis rangacharii C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 246. 1932 **
**Type. **India: Nilgiri Hills, Pykara; June, 1900; Sir A. G. & Lady Bourne s.n. (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**Euclasta Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 335. 1895 **
**Type. **Euclasta glumaceus Franch.
**1007. Euclasta clarkei (Hack.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 704. 1980 **
Andropogon clarkei Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 49. 1891. Type: India: Chota Nagpur, Parasnath, alt. 4200 ft., Hazaribagh; October 7, 1883; C.B.Clarke 33780 (K).
Dichanthium clarkei (Hack.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1040. 1924
Indochloa clarkei (Hack.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 76. 1954
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**1008. Euclasta condylotricha (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 181. 1917 **
Andropogon condylotrichus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Type: Ethiopia: Dscheladscheranne; Schimper 2011(P).
Andropogon piptatherus Hack., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(3): 293. 1883. Type: “Habitat in prov. Goyaz ad Porto Imperial et ad fl. Tocantins inter Porto Imperial et Funil; Burchell 8780.” Brazil: Goiás; Burchell 8761-7 (W).
Amphilophis piptatherus (Hack.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 127. 1912
Sorghum piptatherum (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891
Euclasta glumacea Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 336. t. 8. 1895. Type: Congo Francais: “Comba, entre Londina et Brazzaville; Thollon 1040.” Congo Francais: “Lope, dans l’Ogooue”; Thollon 787
Euclasta graminea sensu T. Durand & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 649. 1909 (as “Euclaste”), non Franch, 1895.
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh [also in Africa, North America, South America].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Possibly introduced.
**Eulalia Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 160. 1829 **
**Type. **Eulalia aurea (Bory) Kunth (Andropogon aureus Bory (“aureum”)).
**1009. Eulalia contorta (Brongn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Pogonatherum contortum Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 90, t. 17. 1831. Type: “Bourou, dans les iles Moluques.”
Pseudopogonatherum contortum (Brongn.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 255. 1922
Andropogon asthenostachys Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 381. 1854. Type: Philippine Islands; H. Cuming 1101.
Andropogon koretrostachys Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 273. 1832. Type: Philippine Islands: Manila.
Pseudopogonatherum koretrostachys (Trin.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 521. 1941
Eulalia koretrostachys (Trin.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 521. 1941
Pollinia articulata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 4:90. 1836. Type: “Inss. Molucc.”
Erianthus articulatus (Trin.) F. Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 8: 118. 1872–1874
Puliculum articulatum (Trin.) Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1018. 1924 (as “articulata”)
Pollinia articulata Trin. var. pedicellata Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 110. 1896. Type: India: Kumaon; Duthei s.n.
Eulalia concinna Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 412. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8814
Pollinia collina Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 81. 1890. Type: Vietnam: Valleys of Tu-Phap; Balansa 1771
Pseudopogonatherum collinum (Balansa) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 256. 1922
Pollinia setifolia Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 101. 1850. Type: Philippines Island; H. Cuming 1101
Pseudopogonatherum setifolium (Nees) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 256. 1922
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**1010. Eulalia fastigiata (Nees) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1014. 1924 **
Saccharum fastigiatum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel)1: 409. 1855. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8847
Erianthus fastigiatus (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 125. 1896
Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**1011. Eulalia fimbriata (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Pollinia fimbriata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 164. 1889. Type: India: Malabar & Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n.
Distribution. Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [China].
Habit. Annual.
**1012. Eulalia hirtifolia (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 (as “hirtiflora); A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 202. 1921 **
Pollinia hirtifolia Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 165. 1889. Type: India: Simla; Hugel 758 (CAL).
Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze var. hirtifolia (Hack.) Sur, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 6(1): 185. 1985
Distribution. Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Author K. Gandhi notes that “Kuntze cited Hackel as the parenthetical author, but perhaps due to confusion, misspelled Hackel’s epithet hirtifolia as “hirtiflora” … The typographical error is correctable (vide Shenzhen Code Arts. 60.1, 61.4).”
**1013. Eulalia leschenaultiana (Decne.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 2. 1947 **
Andropogon leschenaultianus Decne., Herb. Timor. Descr. 29. 1835. Type: Timor
Pollinia cumingii Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 98. 1850. Type: Philippine Islands: Mindoro; H. Cuming 1538
Eulalia cumingii (Nees) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 250. 1922
Andropogon aureofulvus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854 (as “aureo-fulvus”). Type: China:* Fortune Herb. 4*. Philippine Islands; Cuming Herb. no. 1538
Distribution. Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1014. Eulalia madkotiensis Kandwal, B.K. Gupta & S.K. Srivast., Kew Bull. 62(3): 519–521. f. 1. 2007 **
Type. India: Uttaranchal, Pithoragarh District. Madkot, towards Jauljibi; August 2, 2004; Manish K. Kandwal 3363 (BSD).
Distribution. Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
**1015. Eulalia manipurensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 156. 1960 **
Type. Burma: Manipur State, Palel, in wet grassland, alt. 2300 ft.; N.L. Bor 17736 (K).
Distribution. Manipur [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1016. Eulalia mollis (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Erianthus mollis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 92. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis, 5000–6000 ft.; Thomson Erianthus no. 3. India: Kumaon, Almora; R. Strachey s.n.
Pollinia mollis (Griseb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 161. 1889
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1017. Eulalia pallens (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Pollinia pallens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 156. 1889. Type: India; *J.D. Hooker Erianthus no. 17 *(B).
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1018. Eulalia phaeothrix (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Pollinia phaeothrix Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 168. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka: Newara Ellia; Thwaites 959. India; Wight s.n. Nilgiri Mountains; Perrotet 1317, 1333. Kunur; Gamble s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1019. Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Pollinia quadrinervis Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 158–159. 1889. Type: China: Canton, Sampson s.n. Macao; Vachell s.n. Cap Syng Moon; Meyen s.n. Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8808. India: Sikkim, Rinchingpong; Anderson 1365.
Pseudopogonatherum quadrinerve (Hack.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 3. 1947
Pollinia villosa Munro ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. 420. 1861, nom. later hom. & illeg., non Spreng., 1824
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagpur, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1020. Eulalia shrirangii Salunkhe & Potdar, Kew Bull. 59(4): 625–627. f. 1. 2005 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Satara District, Kas Plateau, alt. 4200 ft.; Salunkhe 8170 (CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1021. Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 var. **speciosa
Erianthus speciosus Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 32: 53. 1878. Type: “Les hautes montagnes du Tché-foû, de 1000–1100 metres d’alt. dans les fissures des rochers, 1860”; Debeaux s.n.
Pollinia speciosa (Debeaux) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 159. 1889
Distribution. Meghalaya [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1022. Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze var. velutina (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 157. 1960 **
Pollinia velutina Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 169. 1889. Type: India: Khasia, alt. 5000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Eulalia velutina (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**1023. Eulalia staintonii Bor, Kew Bull. 1957: 411–412. 1958 **
Type. Nepal: Kali Gandaki, alt. 9000 ft.; September 18, 1954; Stainton, Sykes & Williams 7919 (BM).
Distribution. Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**1024. Eulalia thwaitesii (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 **
Pollinia thwaitesii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 163. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka: Newara Ellia; Thwaites 949.
Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**1025. Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 453. 1940 **
Andropogon trispicatus Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 452. 1824, replaced synonym Andropogon**tristachyos Roxb., 1820
Andropogon tristachyos Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 261. 1820, nom. illeg. hom., non Kunth, 1816. Type: India: “found on newly laid down pasture ground in the vicinity of Calcutta.”
Erianthus hexastachyus Hochst., Verh. Nederl. Inst. III 4: 35. 1851. Type: India: “Prope Castellum Mulki in terra Canara detexit Metz.”
Andropogon hexastachyus (Hochst.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380. 1854
Eulalia argentea Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 92. 1827. Type: “Amboine et Bourou, dans les Moluques.”
Pollinia argentea (Brongn.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 2(1): 90. 1836. Type: “Amboina Molucc.”
Eulalia tristachya Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1026. Eulalia villosa (Spreng.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. III. 91. 1841 **
Pollinia villosa Spreng., Syst. Veg. [Sprengel] 1: 288. 1824 (“1825”). Replaced name.
Andropogon villosus Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 20. 1794, nom. illeg. hom., non Lam. (1779). Type: South Africa: Hab. Bonae Spei Africaes, Thunberg s.n.
Eulalia wightii (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 158. 1960
Pollinia quadrinervis Hack. var. wightii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 110. 1896. Type: India: Pulney Mountains; *Wight 3390 *(K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Eulaliopsis Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 124. 1923 **
**Type. **Eulaliopsis angustifolia Honda (Spodiopogon angustifolius Trin.).
**1027. Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 33: sub t. 3262. 1935 **
Andropogon binatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 21. 1788 (“1789”) (as “binatum”). Type: “Tschandranconae lectum dedit amiciff. Koening.” India: Travancore; *Koenig s.n. *(LD).
Pollinidium binatum (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 72. 1932
Andropogon involutus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: India; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8845)
Andropogon notopogon Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: India; Royle s.n.
Andropogon obvallatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: Philipines: Luzon, Pangasinan; H. Cuming 1002
Spodiopogon angustifolius Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 300. 1832. Type: Nepal
Ischaemum angustifolium (Trin.) Hack., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1773. 1888
Pollinidium angustifolium (Trin.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1020. 1924
Eulaliopsis angustifolia (Trin.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 56. 1924
Eulaliopsis duthiei Sur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 815. 1976. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Ganga Valley, (Tehri-Garhwal); June 11, 1883; J.F. Duthie 14 (CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Garnotia Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2 (pt. 10): 133. t. 21. 1832 **
**Type. **Garnotia stricta Brongn.
**1028. Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 393. 1941 var. **acutigluma
Urachne acutigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 121. 1854. Type: Java; 1851; Goering sect. II. nr. 141 (P-STEUD). (as “Japan” is given in Steudel)
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**1029. Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi var. longiseta (Hack.) V. Prakash & S.K. Jain, Fasc. Fl. India 3: 6. 1979 **
Garnotia stricta Brongn. var. longiseta Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 15: 141. 1909. Type: Philippines: Luzon, Bataan, Mariveles, alt. 4000 ft.; December 12, 1908; E.D. Merrill s.n. (W).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya [also in Indonesia].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**1030. Garnotia arborum Stapf ex T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2(5): 1013. 1908 **
**Type. **India: Deccan, Western Ghats, Nandgaon; October 1, 1898; *Woodrow 30 *(K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1031. Garnotia arundinacea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 243. 1896 **
**Type. **India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, alt. 2000–6000 ft.; Heyne s.n.
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1032. Garnotia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 363. 1864 **
Miquelia courtallensis Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 179. 1843. Type: India: Courtallum; Wight cat. no. 2346
Berghausia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Endl. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851
Garnotia longipila Santos, Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 10: 119–120. 1950. Type: India: Madhras, Kodaikanal, Pulney (Palni); December 7, 1898; A.G. Bourne et uxoris num 1956 (US Nat. Herb.).
Garnotia puchiparensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 2(4): 234–236. 1941. Type: India: Madras, Silent Valley, Puchipara rest house, alt. 3000 ft.; Bor 8443 (DD).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1033. Garnotia elata (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 86. 1921 **
Berghausia elata Arn. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851. Type: India; Wight cat. no. 2600
Garnotia schmidii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri Hills; Schmid s.n.(K). Gondaloor Ghat, alt. 4500 ft.; Lawson s.n.
Garnotia tenuiglumis Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896. Type: Western Peninsula; Wight Herb. no. 3247
Garnotia scoparia Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896, non Thwaites, 1864
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks.**Garnotia schmidii is treated as a separate species by T.S. Nayar et al.; but Gould (1972) places it here.
**1034. Garnotia exaristata Gould, Kew Bull. 27(3): 558. 1972 **
Garnotia tectorum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896, quoad descr. nom. illegit. Type: Sri Lanka: elevated parts of the Island; Gardner s.n.
Garnotia mutica sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 568. 1960, non (Munro) Druce, 1916
Type. Sri Lanka: Horton Plains; May 10, 1970; Gould & Cooray 13777 (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1035. Garnotia fergusonii Trimen, J. Bot. 27: 170. 1889 **
Type. Sri Lanka: Central Province, summit of Knuckles Mountains, alt. 6000 ft.; March, 1887; Ferguson s.n. (PDA).
Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1036. Garnotia micrantha Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 363. 1864 **
**Type. **“Hab. Central Province, alt. 2000–4000 ft.” Sri Lanka; Thwaites CP 945 (PDA).
**Distribution. **Kerala [Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**1037. Garnotia emodi (Arn. & Nees) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 86. 1921 **
Miquelia emodi Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. Suppl. 19(1): 178–179. 1843. Type: “In emodi iugo, Royle”; Royle 33
Berghausia emodi (Arn. & Nees) Endl. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851. Type: “In Emodi jugo (Royle Herb. no. 33).”
Garnotia polypogonoides Munro ex Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 15: 64. t. 1481. 1885. Type. East India, Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8884. “Sikkim and the north west Himalaya, also in Wight’s Herbarium unlocalised.”
Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1038. Garnotia scoparia Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 363. 1864 **
Garnotia thwaitesii Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 241. 1896, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Type. Sri Lanka: Hotter parts of the Island; Munro Ceylon Plant 943 (PDA).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**1039. Garnotia stricta Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(pt. 10): 133, t. 21. 1832 **
Berghausia pallens Arn. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 33. 1851. Type: India: Kerala, Quilon; Wight cat. no. 2598
Type. “Ile de taiti”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1040. Garnotia tenella (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 86. 1921 **
Berghausia tenella Arn. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 34. 1851. Type: India; Wight cat. no. 2599
Garnotia stricta sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 243. 1896, non Brongn., 1832
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Nepal and all records for India except Goa fide Naithani (1990).
**1041. Garnotia variyamensis Sunil, Naveen Kum. & Sanilkum. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8(2): 517. 2014. **
Type. India: Kerala, Ernakulam district, Edamalayar Forest Range, Variyam, 794 m, 16 October 2013, Sunil & Naveen Kumar 6193 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**Germainia Balansa & Poitr, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 7: 344. 1873 **
**Type. **Germainia capitata Balansa & Poitr.
**1042. Germainia khasyana Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 50. 1891 **
**Type. **India: Khasya, Nartung, alt. 4000; C.B. Clarke 44830. Pooriung; C.B. Clarke 42558.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**Glyphochloa Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 814. 1981 **
**Type. **Glyphochloa forficulata (C.E.C. Fisch.) Clayton (Manisuris forficulata C.E.C. Fisch.)
**1043. Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 var. **acuminata
Rottboellia acuminata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 291. 1889. Type: Maisur & Carnatic; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Manisuris acuminata (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 779. 1891
Peltophorus acuminatus (Hack.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 371. 1921
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1044. Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Rottboellia acuminata Hack. var. *stocksii *Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 155. 1896. Type: India: Malwar; J.E. Stocks s.n. (K).
Rottboellia acuminata Hack. var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981
Manisuris acuminata (Hack.) Kuntze var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12(1–4): 9. 1972 (“1970”)
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1045. Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton var. woodrowii (Bor) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Manisuris acuminata (Hack.) Kuntze var. woodrowii Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 191. 1960. Type: India: Bombay; R.K. Bhide s.n.(K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1046. Glyphochloa divergens (Hack.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 var. **divergens
Rottboellia divergens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 292. 1889. Type: India: Hügel in h. Vindob. 3147
Manisuris divergens (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 779. 1891
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1047. Glyphochloa divergens (Hack.) Clayton var. hirsuta (C.E.C. Fisch.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Manisuris forficulata C.E.C. Fisch. var. hirsuta C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 355. 1933. Type: India: Bababudan Hills, Kalhatti, alt. 6000 ft.; November; A. Meebold 10559 (K-Isotype).
Manisuris divergens (Hack.) Kuntze var. hirsuta (C.E.C. Fisch.) Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12(1–4): 12. 1972 (“1970”)
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1048. Glyphochloa forficulata (C.E.C. Fisch.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Manisuris forficulata C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 355. 1933 var. forficulata. Type: India: Bombay Presidency, Mahableshwar; J.C. Lisboa s.n. (K).
Rottboellia divergens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 155. 1896, non Hack., 1889
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1049. Glyphochloa goaensis (R. S. Rao & Hemadri) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Manisuris goaensis R. S. Rao & Hemadri, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10(1): 106. 1968. Type: India: Goa, rocky plateau near Verna village on Cortalim-Madgoa road; November 8, 1962; R.S. Rao 84474A (CAL.)
Distribution. Goa, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1050. Glyphochloa maharashtraensis Potdar & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 66(4): 625. 2012. var. **maharashtraensis
Type. India: Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Udgiri, 906 m, 10 October 2007, Potdar 1880 (holotype: CAL; isotypes: BLAT, BSI, K, SUK).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
**Habit. **Annual
**1051. Glyphochloa maharashtraensis Potdar & S.R. Yadav var. hirsuta Potdar & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 66(4): 628. 2012. **
Type. India; Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Udgiri, 906 m, 10 October 2007, Potdar 1927 (holotype: CAL; isotypes: BLAT, K, SUK).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1052. **Glyphochloa mysorensis **(Jain & Hemadri) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Manisuris mysorensis Jain & Hemadri, Bull. Bot. Surv. Inida 10: 280. 1969. Type: India: Mysore State, Castle Rock; October 25, 1902; G. A. Gammie 15643 (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1053. Glyphochloa ratnagirica (B. G. Kulk. & Hemadri) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35: 815. 1981 **
Manisuris ratnagirica B. G. Kulk. & Hemadri, Indian Forester 100(4): 250. 1974. Type: India: Maharashtra, Ratnagiri District, Ambolighat, alt. 2000 ft.; October 12, 1970; B.G. Kulkarni 121638A (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1054. Glyphochloa santapaui (Jain & Deshp.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 **
Manisuris santapaui Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10(3–4): 277. 1969 (“1968”). Type: India: Maharashtra State, Ratnagiri; September 15, 1961; *C. Saldanha 7130A *(CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1055. Glyphochloa talbotii (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 816. 1981 **
Rottboellia talbotii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 155. 1896 (as “Talboti”). Type: India: Goa District; *Talbot 2572 *(K).
Manisuris talbotii (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 192. 1960
Peltophorus talbotii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 371. 1921 (as “talboti”)
Distribution. Goa, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1056. Glyphochloa veldkampii M.A.Fonseca & Janarth., Rheedea 13(1–2): 35 -38. f. 1. 2004 **
Type. India: Goa, Kasauli, along the Panaji-Belgaum highway in the outskirts of Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary, alt. 272 ft., 15° 21'N, 74°11'E; October 21, 2001; Janarthanam & Fonseca 1901 (CAL).
Distribution. Goa.
Habit. Annual.
**Hemarthria R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 207. 1810 **
**Lectotype. **Hemarthria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. (Rottboellia compressa L. f.). LT designated by Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 87. 30 1909; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 278. 1920.
**1057. Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 109. 1934 **
Rottboellia altissima Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 105. 1789 (as “Rottboella”). Type: Algeria: Bastion; *Poiret s.n. *(P-LA).
Manisuris altissima (Poir.) Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24(7): 292. 1934
Rottboellia compressa L.f. var. fasciculata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 286. 1889
Rottboellia fasciculata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 204. 1792, nom. superfl. & illeg. for R. altissima
Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 153. 1829, nom. superfl.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1058. Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 207. 1810 **
Rottboellia compressa L.f., Suppl. Pl. 114. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in indiis” Neotype: Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8871-E (L). Neotype designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 455. 2000.
Hemarthria coromandelina Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 358. 1854. Type: Roxburgh., Pl. Coromandel 2: pl. 181 (1805). Epitype: Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Epitype designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 469. 2000.
Hemarthria laxa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 358. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8871 (P).
Rottboellia glabra Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 353. 1820. Type: India: Bengal, Pasture land; Roxburgh s.n. (BM).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Dehli, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1059. Hemarthria hamiltoniana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 358. 1854 **
Rottboellia compressa L.f. var. hamiltoniana (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 288. 1889
Rottboellia protensa (Steud.) Hack. var. hamiltoniana (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 154. 1896
Type. India: upper Gangetic Plains, Kathpur; *Buchanan-Hamilton *(Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8870-C) (K).
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**1060. Hemarthria longiflora (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 379–380. 1922 **
Rottboellia longiflora Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 154. 1896. Lectotype: India: Tenasserim, Mergui; *Griffith KD 1009 *(K). LT designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 459. 2000.
Rottboellia tonkinensis A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 369. 1919. Lectotype: Vietnam: Sontay; Balansa 1783 (P). LT designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 459. 2000.
Distribution. Assam [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1061. Hemarthria vaginata Buse, Pl. Jungh. 354. 1854 **
Hemarthria protensa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 359. 1854. Type: India Orientalis; *Wallich *(Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8872).
Manisuris protensa (Steud.) Hitchc., Brittonia 2(2): 127. 1936
Rottboellia protensa (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 289. 1889
Type. Indonesia: Java, Tijibogo; F.W. Junghuhn s.n. (L-903.342-454).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Hemisorghum C.E. Hubb., Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 686. 1960 **
**Type. **Hemisorghum mekongense (A. Camus) C.E. Hubb. (Sorghum mekongense A. Camus).
**1062. Hemisorghum venustum (Thwaites) Clayton, Kew Bull. 27(3): 448. 1972 **
Andropogon venustus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 367. 1864.Type: Sri Lanka: Central Province, Rambodde, alt. upto 4000 ft.; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 2875 (K)
Bothriochloa venusta (Thwaites) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931
Capillipedium venustum (Thwaites) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 113. 1960
Vetiveria venusta (Thwaites) Willis, Revis. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1911
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**Heteropogon Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 2: 533. 1807 **
**Lectotype. **Heteropogon glaber Pers., nom. illeg. (Andropogon allioni DC., Heteropogon allionii (DC.) Roem. & Schult.). LT designated by Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 127. 1912; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 273. 1920.
**1063. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 836. 1817 **
Andropogon contortus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. 1753 (as “contortum”). Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype. “Gram. Secalinum, Indicum, spica gracili, tomentoso, aristis longioribus, ad se invicem intortis” in Plukenet, Phytographia, t. 191. f. 5. 1692. Voucher: *Herb. Sloane 92: 78; 96: 69 *(BM-SL). LT designated by Cope in Nasir & Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 312. 1982.
Andropogon allionii Lam. ex DC., Fl. Franc. (DC. & Lamarck), ed. 3. 3: 97. 1805. Type: “Andropogon contortum All. Ped. n. 2277. t. 91. f. 4. excl. syn.” “Cette espèce croit sur les collines et les rochers, au-dessus du lac d’Ivrée et de la vallée de Suze (All.).”
Heteropogon allionii (Lam. ex DC.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 835. 1817
Andropogon besukiensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Indonesia: “Ad rupes montis Arak-Ak Prov. Besukie, Java”;* Zollinger Herb. no. 2770*
Heteropogon firmus J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 334. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.”
Heteropogon hispidissimus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Ethiopia: Tigray, Gafta; 18 September, 1838; G.H.W. Schimper 1219 (K).
*Andropogonpolystachyos *Roxb., **Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 265. 1820
*Heteropogon polystachyos *(Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 460. 1824 (as “polystachyus”)
Heteropogon roxburghii Arn. ex Nees, Gramineae: 51. 1841.
Heteropogon glaber Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 2: 533. 1807, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon**allionii
Heteropogon hirsutus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 134. 1812, no reference to basionym and nom. nud.
Andropogon bellardii Bubani, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317. 1873 (as “bellardi”), nom. superfl. & illeg.
Heteropogon hirtus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 2: 533. 1807, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon**contortus
Heteropogon hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 36. 1851, nom. nud. Type: India: Manglore; Metz Herb. no. 301
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1064. Heteropogon fischerianus Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 170–171. 1951 **
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. var. distichus C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1743. 1934. Type: India: Anamallais, alt. 3500 ft.; Barber s.n. Kodaikanal, alt. 6000–7000 ft.; Bourne s.n.
Type. India: Madras, Kodaikanal, Pulneys, Jesmond Hill; July 1, 1901; Ibid 2025 (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1065. Heteropogon melanocarpus (Elliot) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 71. 1881 **
Andropogon melanocarpus Elliot, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 146. 1816. Type: USA: Georgia, in the pine barrens between Fort Barrington on the Altamaha and Jefferson on the Satilla; R. Habersham s.n. (CHARL).
Cymbopogon melanocarpus (Elliot) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 289. 1824 (“1825”)
Heteropogon acuminatus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 254. 1832. Type: Brazil
Andropogon polystictus Hoschst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854. Type: Abyssinia [Ethiopia]; [Schimper] Hrbr. Abyss. 2012
Heteropogon polystictus (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 28. 1856
Heteropogon roylei Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn. of Andropogon segaenensis
Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Annual.
**1066. Heteropogon ritchiei (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 623. 1928 **
Andropogon ritchiei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 201. 1896. Type: India: Deccan, Belaum; Ritchie s.n.
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**1067. Heteropogon triticeus (R. Br.) Stapf ex Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 432. 1912 **
Andropogon triticeus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 201. 1810. Type: Australia: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.”
Andropogon ischyranthus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Philippines; Cuming Herb. no. 1005
Andropogon lianatherus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java
Andropogon segaenensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: India: “Heteropogon Roylei Nees mpt*., *Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8801”
Heteropogon insignis Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 437. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Mahning-galla, Matelle East; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3804
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Hyparrhenia Andersson ex E. Fournier, Mex. Pl. 2: 51, 67. 1886 **
**Lectotype. **Hyparrhenia foliosa (Kunth) E. Fournier (Anthistiria foliosa Kunth). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 2: 38. 1969.
**1068. Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 332. 1919 **
Andropogon cymbarius L., Mant. Pl. Altera 303. 1771 (as “cymbarium”). Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.6 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 2: 110. 1969.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**1069. Hyparrhenia griffithii Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 92. 1938 **
Andropogon filipendulus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 210. 1896, non Hochst. 1846, p.p.
Andropogon finitimus sensu Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 637. 1889, non Hochst. ex A. Rich., 1851
Type. India: Assam, Khasi and Jaintia Hills; 1837; Griffith 6766 (K).
Distribution. Meghalaya. [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1070. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 315. 1919 **
Andropogon hirtus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1046. 1753 (as “hirtum”). Type: “Habitat in Lusitania, Sicilia, Smyrnae.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 119 (UPS). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 2: 75. 1969.
Sorghum hirtum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891
Trachypogon hirtus (L.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 346. 1829
Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Nees ex Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 212. 1907
Distribution. Northwest India [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**1071. Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 304. 1919 **
Trachypogon rufus Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 345. 1829. Type: Brasilia: “Habitat in campis agrestibus provinciae Piauhiensis”; *Martius s.n. *(M).
Andropogon rufus (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 492. 1833.
Cymbopogon rufus (Nees) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 155. 1899
Sorghum rufum (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891
Distribution. India [China, Myanmar]. Naturalized and weedy; native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**Imperata Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: 26. 1792 **
**Type. **Imperata arundinacea Cirillo, nom. illeg. (Lagurus cylindricus L., Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.).
**1072. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 165, 166. 1812 var. **cylindrica
Lagurus cylindricus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 878. 1759. Type: “Habitat [Monspelii, Creta, Smyrnae. D. Gerardus.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 120. 1762.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 96.2 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 700. 1982.
Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1(2): 594. 1785
Saccharum laguroides Pourr., Mem. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 326. 1788
Imperata arundinacea Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: 26, t. 11. 1792. Type: “Habitat in collibus argillosis, perennis.”
Imperata arundinacea Cirillo var. europaea sensu Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 37. 1898, non Andersson, 1855
Calamagrostis lagurus Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 112. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Lagurus**cylindricus
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1073. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. latifolia (Hook. f.) C.E. Hubb., Joint Publ. Imp. Agric. Bur. 7: 12. 1944 **
Imperata arundinacea Cirillo var. latifolia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 106. 1896. Type: Tropical Himalaya from Kuman to Assam.
Imperata latifolia (Hook. f.) L. Liou, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mountains 2: 2299. 1994
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1074. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. major (Nees) C.E. Hubb., Grasses Mauritius 96. 1940 **
Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv. var. major Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 90. 1841. Type: “In valle prope Fakoskraal inter Omgaziana et Omsamwubo alt. 1500–2000 ft.; Drege s.n.”
Imperata allang Jungh., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 295. 1840. Type: Indonesia: Java, Regio, alt. 3000 ft.
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. subvar. koenigii (Retz.) Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 694. 1894
Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 165, 177. 1812
Saccharum koenigii Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 16. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Misit honor. Konig ab amicissimo Thunberg accepi sub nomine Sacchari spicati ex Japonia, Konig s.n.” “Crescit in Insula Nipon ubique vulgate, locis humidis iuxta rivos et alibi.”
Imperata filifolia Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 405. 1855. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8850-E as I. Koeniggi
Imperata pedicellata Steud., Flora 29: 22. 1846. Type: “Ob flosculos omnes pedicellatos forsan novi generic typus, obstat vero habitus cum reliques speciebus omnino conformis.”
Saccharum spicatum sensu Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 42. 1784, non L., 1753
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Ischaemum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Ischaemum muticum L. LT designated by Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 94. 30 Jun 1909; affirmed by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 193. 1929.
**1075. Ischaemum afrum (J.F. Gmel.) Dandy, Fl. Pl. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 3: 476. f. 120. 1956 **
*Andropogon afer *J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 166. 1791. Lectotype: dessins in Bruce, Travels 5: 47. 1790
Andropogon pilosus Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 920. 1806. Type: “Habitat in India orientali Mysore.”
Ischaemum pilosum (Klein ex Willd.) Wight, Madras Lit. Sci. J. 138. 1835 (also reprint p. 2, t. 2.)
Andropogon pilifer Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: India; Heyne s.n. as A. pilosus (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8817)
Spodiopogon pilosus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1076. Ischaemum agastyamalayanum Sreek., Janarth. & A. N. Henry, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 84: 643. 1988 **
Type. India: Kerala, Trivandrum District, Western slopes of Agastyamalai, alt. 6000 ft.; October 6, 1973; J. Joseph 44634 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1077. Ischaemum barbatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 35. 1791 **
Ischaemum aristatum L. var. mangaluricum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 204. 1889. Type: Peninsular India: Mangalur; R.F. Hohenacker 184
Ischaemum mangaluricum (Hack.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1723. 1934
Ischaemum aristatum L. var. imbricatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 203. 1889. Syntypes: India: Khasia Mountains, alt. 4000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 2625
Ischaemum imbricatum (Hack.) Stapf ex Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 200. 1925
Ischaemum aristatum L. var. fallax Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 204. 1889. Syntypes: Peninsular India; Wight s.n. Jabalpur; Kuntze s.n. Sri Lanka; Wight 2553, Thwaites 700. Macassar; Wichura s.n.
Ischaemum geniculatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 324. 1820. Type: India: Bengal
Ischaemum goebelii Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 149. 1901. Type: Sri Lanka: Colombo; Goebel s.n.
Ischaemum aristatum sensu Hack., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 211. 1900, non L., 1753
Ischaemum abrahamii Ravi, N. Mohanan & R. Rajesh, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (Taipei) 42(3): 225. f. 2. 2001. Type: India, Kerala, Malappuram District, Manathumangalam, alt. 160 ft.; December 12, 1996; Ravi 33027 (TBGT).
Ischaemum wayanadense Ravi, N. Mohanan & Shaju, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (Taipei) 42(3): 223. f. 1. 2001. Type: India: Kerala, Wayand District, Kelloor, Thekkumpara, 2500 ft.; December 14, 1996; Ravi 33779 (TBGT).
Type. “E Jaua accepi a pl. rev. D. Wennerbeg.” Indonesia: Java; Wennerberg s.n.
Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1078. Ischaemum bolei M.R. Almeida, Indian Forester 98(4): 236. f. 1–11. 1972 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Ratnagiri District, Savantwadi; November 18, 1970; M.R. Almeida 1535 (BLAT).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1079. Ischaemum bombaiense Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 165. 1950 **
Type. India: Bombay, Khandala, Tata’s Lake; Blatter 9904 (K).
Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**1080. Ischaemum calicutense Sreek., V.J. Nair, & N.C. Nair, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1007–1009. f. 1–16. 1983 (as “calicutensis”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Pokkunnamalai, near Nanminda alt. 2800 ft.; October 29, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71803 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1081. Ischaemum cannanorense Sreek., V.J. Nair, & N.C. Nair, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1009–1011. f. 1–18. 1983 (as “cannanorensis”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Paramba, on the way to Bendudka, alt. 500 ft.; October 16, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71713 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1082. Ischaemum ciliare Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 36. 1791 **
Andropogon asthenos Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854
Andropogon malacophyllus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 372. 1854. Type: India: Nilgiri Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 917 (S-G400).
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. subvar. malacophyllum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1960
Ischaemum ciliare Retz. var. prorepens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 226. 1889. Type: cited many Syntypes
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. subvar. villosum (Nees) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1960
Spodiopogon villosus Hook & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 242. 1838. Type: “Hab. Prope Macao.”
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. subvar. scorbiculatum (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1960
Ischaemum ciliare Retz. var. scrobiculatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 226. 1889 (as “subvar”)
Ischaemum tenellum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 324–325. 1820. Type: Not given
Spodiopogon obliquivalvis Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 185. 1843, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Ischaemum ciliare Retz.
Spodiopogon scrobiculatus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854, nom. invalid., pro. syn.
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. var. wallichi (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1860
Ischaemum ciliare Retz. var. wallichii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 227. 1889. Type: [Bangladesh]: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8860B
Type. “E. China accepi.”
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks.**Ischaemum ciliare Retz. is sometimes treated as a synonym of I. indicum (Houtt.) Merr. However, the type of I. indicum (Houtt.) Merr. is Polytrias indica, and thus the epithet indicum is misapplied to I. ciliare.
**1083. Ischaemum commutatum Hack. ex Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 107. 1885. **
Ischaemum semisagittatum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864, non Roxb., 1820
Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 2625.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1084. Ischaemum copeanum Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 82: 390. f. 1. 1985 **
Ischaemum keralense Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 4e Ser. 7, 2: 135. t. 1. 1985 (as “keralensis”). Type: India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Cherkala, alt. 800 ft.; November 24, 1981; *P.V. Sreekumar 71839 *(CAL).
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Cherkala, alt. 800 ft.; November 24, 1981; V. Sreekumar 71838 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1085. Ischaemum dalzellii Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 448. 1952 **
Ischaemum conjugatum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864, non Roxb, 1820
Ischaemum semisagittatum sensu Hook. f., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 213. 1900, non Roxb., 1832
Type. India: Bombay, Yellapur, “roadsides in forest, common”; October 25, 1884; W.A. Talbot 738 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1086. Ischaemum diplopogon Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 129. 1896 **
Type. India: Bombay, near Bhorkus; Woodrow s.n. (K).
Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**1087. Ischaemum elimalayanum Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Fl. Kerala - Grasses 459, 134. t. 26. 1991 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Elimala, 960 ft.; October 20, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71773 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1088. Ischaemum flumineum Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 572. 1950 **
Type. India: Bombay, Jog; April 28, 1939; N.L. Bor 11390 (K, DD).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1089. Ischaemum heterotrichum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 220. 1889 **
Syntypes. Madagascar: Mayotte, Nosibe; Boivin s.n. Nicobares; Jelinek s.n.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1090. Ischaemum hubbardii Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 98. 1938 **
Type. India: Assam, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Cherrapungi Plateu, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; *N.L. Bor s.n. *(K?).
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Record for Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990).
**1091. Ischaemum huegelii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 252. 1889 **
Ischaemum inerme Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 448. 1952. Type: India: Bombay, Bandra; October 25, 1896; R.C. Wroughton s.n. (K).
Type. India orientalis; Hügel 1658 (W).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
**Habit. **Annual.
**1092. Ischaemum impressum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 210. 1889 **
Type. Asia; Hügel 4018.
Distribution. Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**1093. Ischaemum jayachandranii R. Ansari, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek., Curr. Sci. 53(3): 151. 1984 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Nileswar, alt. 500 ft.; January 29, 1979; V.J. Nair 59981 (CAL).
**Distribution. **Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1094. Ischaemum kingii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 129. 1896 **
Type. India: Bombay, Rajpootana, Mt. Aboo; King s.n. (K).
Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
**1095. Ischaemum koenigii (Hook. f.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1719, 1722. 1934 **
Ischaemum aristatum L. ssp. koenigii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 127. 1896. Type: India: Precise locality unknown; J. Koenig s.n.
Ischaemum fasciculatum Rottl. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 127. 1896, nom. nud., used as synonym
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1096. Ischaemum kumarakodiense Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 8(2): 150. 1998 (as “kumarakodiensis”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Alappuzha District, Pallana; December 29, 1996; TBG &RI 33084 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1097. Ischaemum lanatum Ravi, N. Mohanan & Shaju, Rheedea 10(2): 91. 2000 **
**Type. **India: Kerala, Kasaragode District, Hosdurg Taluk, Periya, alt. 160 ft.; November 29, 1999; Ravi 41535 (TBGT).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1098. Ischaemum lisboae Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 133. 1896 **
Ischaemum aristatum L. var. barberi C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 10(3): 1722. 1934. Type: India: Mangalore; Barber no. 4803
Type. India: North Canara; Lisboa s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1099. Ischaemum malabaricum Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Kew Bull. 39(4): 743. f. 1. 1984 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Paramba, alt. 500 ft.; October 16, 1981; Sreekumar 71720 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Annual.
1100. Ischaemum molle** Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 128. 1896 **
Syntypes. India: Concan; Dalzell s.n. Central Provinces, Chanda District; Duthie s.n.
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1101. Ischaemum muticum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753 var. **muticum
Andropogon polymorphus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Type: Java: “Ischaemum muticum Zolling Morit Verz. P. 99 no. 1216.”
Andropogon relictus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Type: Philippines
Ischaemum repens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 325. 1820. Type: “A native of Pulopenang.”
Andropogon repens (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 374. 1854
Ischaemum glabratum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 328. 1830. Type: “Habitat in insulis Philippines.” Philippines; Haenke s.n.
Andropogon muticus (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 374. 1854, non. L., 1763
Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1214.1(LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 57. 1993.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1102. Ischaemum nairii V.J. Nair & Sreek., J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(5): 1205. f. 1. 1984 **
Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Kanjeerakadavu, near Kakkayam, alt. 3000; November 26, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71843 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1103. Ischaemum pappinisseriense Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 8(2): 155. 1998 (as “pappinisseriensis”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Kannuar District, Pappinisseri; December 12, 1996; Ravi TBG & RI 33707 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1104. Ischaemum polystachyum J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 328. 1830 **
Ischaemum digitatum Brongn. var. polystachyum (J. Presl) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 233. 1889
Ischaemum digitatum Brongn., Voy. Monde 2(2): 70, pl. 13. 1831. Type: Moluccas, Buru.
Ischaemum duthiei Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 188. 1950. Type: India: Bihar, Neterhat, 3200 ft., along streams; October 19, 1918; H.H. Haines 5856
Ischaemum fasciculatum Brongn., Voy. Monde 2(2): 73. 1831
Ischaemum hirtum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 228. 1889. Type: India: Khasia Mountain, alt. 6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Spodiopogon no. 13
*Ischaemum lacei *Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 187. 1950. Type: Burma: Amherst, Daiona Range, Muleyit Peak, alt. 6400 ft.; January 27, 1912; J.A. Lace 5627 (K).
Ischaemum nilagiricum Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 150. 1901. Type: India: Nilgherries Mountains ad Canoor, 5500 ft.; March 13, 1870; Clarke 10791
Ischaemum hirtum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 135. 1896, non Hack., 1889
**Type. **Mariana Islands, Haenke s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal fide Naithani (1990).
**1105. Ischaemum pushpangadanii Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 10(1): 49. f. 1. 2000 **
Ischaemum glabriglaucum Sunil, Candollea 60(2): 387–391. f. 1–2. 2005. Type: India: Kerala, Trichur District, Vazhachal, 1000 ft.; October 4, 1999; Sunil 2235 (K).
Type. India: Kerala, Kozhikode District, Koilandy Taluk, Kakkayam Hills, 1400 ft.; October 26, 1999; Ravi 41460 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Annual.
**1106. Ischaemum quilonense Ravi & Shaju, Rheedea 8(2): 152. 1998 (as “quilonensis”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Kollam District, Perumkulam Ela near Kollam Town; October 27, 1996; Ravi TBG& RI 24098 (TBGT).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1107. Ischaemum raizadae Hemadri & Billore, Indian Forester 96(4): 318. 1970 **
Ischaemum borii M.R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 513. f. 1. 1970. Type: India: Maharashtra, Ratnagiri, Savantwadi, Amboli; December 24, 1968; M. R. Almeida 895 (BLAT).
Type. India: Maharashtra, Thana District, Harishchandragarh, Sadrya ghat; November 16, 1968; K.V. Billore 115450A (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear whether these two species are distinct or not. Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) recognize I. borii but not I raizadae.
**1108. Ischaemum rangacharianum C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 352. 1933 **
Ischaemum fischeri Ravi & Kiran Raj, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (Taipei) 42(3): 227. 2001. Type: India: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram District, Palode-TBGRI campus, 500 ft.; February 12, 1998; Ravi 36706 (TBGT).
Ischaemum aristatum sensu Ranga, Handb. S. Ind. Grasses 151. 1921, non L., 1753
Type. India: Malabar District, Shoranur; November; K. Ranga Achariyar s.n. (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1109. Ischaemum raui Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Fl. Ind. ser. 2., Grasses: 459, 157. 1991 **
Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Muguroad, alt. 500 ft.; October 17, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71747 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1110. Ischaemum ritchiei Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 449. 1952 **
Type. India: Bombay, Kanara; *Ritchie s.n. *(fide Munro) (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**1111. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb., Icon. Stirp. Rar. 1, t. 1. 1791 var. **rugosum
Meoschium rugosum (Salisb.) Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 200. 1843
Meoschium griffithii Nees & Arn., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1: 284. 1838. Type: India: Madras; Griffith s.n.
Andropogon griffithsiae (Nees ex Arn.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854
Andropogon tong-dong Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Syntypes: Nepal, India: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8864, F.H.J. Tong-Dong. Wall. Ind. Burm. no. 1013
Colladoa distachia Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 37, t. 460. 1799. Type: “Habitat in humidis memoratae insulae Mindanao prope Samboangan. Vidi siccam in dicto herbario.”
Meoschium arnottianum Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 198. 1843. Type: “Peninsula Indiae orientalis, ad Madras, Mrs Griffiths in Herb. Lindl.” Wight Cat. no. 1720
Andropogon arnottianus (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854
Meoschium wightianum Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 199. 1843, nom. invalid, cited as synonym of Meoschium elegans
Ischaemum colladoa Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 298. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Colladoa distachya Cav.
Andropogon segetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854
Ischaemum segetum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 294. 1832, nom. superfl. and illeg.? Type: Philippines: Manila
Meoschium royleanum Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn.
Type. “Sponte nascentem in Orissa ad margines agrorum oryzaceorum”, India: Orissa, *J. Koenig s.n. *(BM).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**1112. Ischaemum santapaui Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 167. 1950 **
Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Karjat; December 11, 1949; H. Santapau 9665 (K).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1113. Ischaemum sayajiraoi Raole & R.J. Desai, Kew Bull. 66(2): 303–306, f. 1. 2011 **
**Type. India: Gujarat, Vadodara district, Bacrol, 3 October 2008, R. J. Desai 32 (holotype BARO; isotype: K).
Distribution. Gujarat.
Habit. Annual.
**1114. Ischaemum semisagittatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 322–323. 1820 **
Andropogon semisagittatus (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854
Meoschium semisagittatum (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 435. 1824
Spodiopogon semisagittatus (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutta 706. 1845
Andropogon cordatifolius Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854
Ischaemum conjugatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 323. 1820 (as “conjugatam”). Type: India: “A native of pasture land in the vicinity of Calcutta.”
Spodiopogon conjugatus (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutta 706. 1845
Type. India: “A native of newly formed pasture land in Bengal.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1115. Ischaemum sreenarayanii Sunil, Nithya & Remya Kr., Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 24(1): 33. 2017 **
Type. India: Kerala, Thrissur district, Kombazha, 11 m, 8 December 2015, Sunil & Nithya 9007 (holotype: MH; isotype: CALI, SNMH).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1116. Ischaemum tadulingamii N.C. Nair & Sreek., Blumea 30(2): 385. f. 1. 1985 **
Type. India: Kerala State, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, alt. 7000 ft.; April 7, 1980; Sreekumar 71863 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Annual or Perennial.
**1117. Ischaemum thomsonianum Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1722. 1934 **
Ischaemum murinum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 135. 1896, non G. Forst., 1786
Type. India: Mysoore or the Carnatic; *Thomson s.n. *
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**1118. Ischaemum timorense Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 369. t. 98. 1830 var. **timorense
Andropogon timorensis (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854
Andropogon blumii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: Java, Ceylon, Burma: Martaban; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8863
Spodiopogon blumii Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854, nom. invalid, as syn. of Andropogon blumii Nees; mpt. sub: Spodiopogon.
Type. “Crescit in insula Timor.”
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1119. Ischaemum timorense Kunth var. zeylanicum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 230. 1889 **
Ischaemum zeylanicola Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 186. 1960
Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 3168.
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1120. Ischaemum travancorense Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 353. 1933 **
Ischaemum aristatum L. ssp. rottleri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 127. 1896. Type: India: Deccan; Rottler s.n.
Type. India: Bababudan Hills; April; Sir A. G. and Lady Bourne s.n. (K).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**1121. Ischaemum tumidum Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 450. 1952 **
Type. India: Madras, Concan; Stocks s.n. (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. All records for India except for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**1122. Ischaemum vembanadense Patil & D’Cruz, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 70: 324. f. 1–8. 1974 **
Type. India: Kerala, Allepy backwaters; January 10, 1970; Patil s.n. (BSI).
**Distribution. **Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1123. Ischaemum yadavii Gad & Janarth., Kew Bull. 62(3): 499–501. f. 1. 2007 **
Type. India: Goa, Surla, Lateritic rocky plateau, 15°40'03"N, 74°10'28"E, alt. 2600 ft.; October 2, 2005; Harshala Gad & M.K. Janarthanam 240 (CAL).
Distribution. Goa.
Habit. Annual.
**Iseilema Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 250. 1856 **
**Type.**Iseilema prostratum (L.) Andersson (*Andropogon prostratus *L. (as “prostratum”)).
**1124. Iseilema anthephoroides Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 683. 1889 **
Type. India orientalis. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8767 A. Peninsula; *Wight. 2335 *“leg. ?: via in h. Nees, ad Appiahpilly in ditione Cuddapah”. “d na Stead in h. m., pr. Scholapur.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Annual.
**1125. Iseilema hackelii U. B. Shrestha & Gandhi, Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(2): 296. 2008 **
Iseilema laxum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 682. 1889, nom. illeg. later homonym non I. laxum Hack. ex Duthie, 1888
Iseilema laxum Hack. ex Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India 43. 1888, p.p. Type: Protologue.
Iseilema jainiana P. Umam. & P. Daniel, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(3): 425. 2001. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Tuticorin District, Gulf of Mannar coast, Kanyakumari-Thiruchendur highway, between Karaichuthu and Padakkapathu diversion, c. 130 ft.; January 26, 1996; P. Daniel; P. Umamaheswari 107240 (CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1126. Iseilema holei Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1055. 1924 **
Type. India: Palaman, in moist ground forest; Haines s.n.
**Distribution. **Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra.
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990).
**1127. Iseilema hubbardii Uppuluri, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65: 665. 1969 **
Type. India. University campus of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. 22 November, 1966, Murty field number IAU 3. LT U. Satyavathi – IAU 3, designated by Drisya, V. & A. K. Pradeep. Phytotaxa 424(1): 56–60. 2019.
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
**1128. Iseilema prostratum (L.) Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 251. 1856 (as “prostrata”) **
Andropogon prostratus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 304. 1771 (as “prostratum”). Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.8 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000.
Anthistiria prostrata (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 901. 1806
Anthistiria wightii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 400. 1855. Type: India Orientalis; Wight in Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8870
Iseilema wightii (Nees) Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 251. 1856
Cymbopogon glandulosus Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 14. 1815, nom superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon prostratus L.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1129. Iseilema venkateswarlui Satyavathi, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65: 666–667. 1969 **
Type. India: Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Lam Farm; September 26, 1966; Satyavathi s.n. (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
**Lasiurus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2. 4(4): 145. 1859 **
**Type. **Lasiurus hirsutus Boiss., nom. illeg. (Rottboellia hirsuta Vahl, nom. illeg.; Triticum aegilopoides Forssk.).
**1130. Lasiurus scindicus Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 514. 1941 **
Lasiurus ecaudatus Satyanar. & Shank., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 60: 763–764. 1964. Type: India: Rajastan, Jodhpur, C.R. Farm, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, alt. 800 ft.; January 7, 1962; Y. Satyanarayan & K.A. Shankarnarayan 719 (BSJO).
Elionurus hirsutus Munro, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 68. 1881, p.p.
Lasiurus hirsutus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3(4): 146. 1859, p.p.
Rottboellia hirsuta Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1: 11. 1790, p.p.
**Type. **“India: Scind, leg Stocks. Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. fil. et Thomson. Typus in H. L. B. sub no. 908, 87–853.”
Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Leptatherum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1: 92. 1841 **
**Type.***Leptatherum royleanum *Nees.
**1131. **Leptatherum nudum **(Trin.) C.Hui Chen, Kuoh & Veldkamp, Blumea 54(1–3): 179. 2009 **
Pollinia nuda Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 307. 1832. Type: Nepal; *Wallich s.n. in**Herb. Hornem. *(LE).
Microstegium nudum (Trin.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 201. 1921
Eulalia nuda (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Leptatherum japonicum Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 190. 1877. Type: Japan: circa Yokoska, in locis humidis, in orizariis; Savatier 1507, 2557
Pollinia japonica Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 290. 1866. Type: Japan (“Nippon?”); Keiske s.n. (L).
Leptatherum royleanum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 92–93. 1841
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Lophopogon Hack., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 2(2): 26. 1887 **
**Type. **Lophopogon tridentatus (Roxb.) Hack. (Andropogon tridentatus Roxb.).
**1132. Lophopogon kingii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 149. 1896 **
Type. India: Bihar, Monghir; Mokim 1408.
Distribution. Bihar.
Habit. Perennial.
**1133. Lophopogon tridentatus (Roxb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 254. 1889 **
Andropogon tridentatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 261. 1820. Type: India: Native of Coromandel; Roxburgh s.n.
Apocopis tridentata (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 67. 1881
Saccharum tridentatum (Roxb.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 283. 1824 (“1825”)
Lophopogon duthiei Stapf ex Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 689. 1960. Type: India orientalis: Madhya Pradesh;* J.F. Duthie 8490* (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**Manisuris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 164, 300. 1771 **
**Type. **Manisuris myurus L.
**1134. Manisuris myurus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 300. 1771 **
Rottboellia myurus (L.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 68. [indirect reference to Linnaean name]
Peltophorus myurus (L.) Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 188. 1810
**Type. **“Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1215.2 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 252. 2000.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Manipur, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Although Manisuris L. is rejected against Rottboellia L.f. (1782), recent studies recognize them as distinct genera.
**Microstegium Nees, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2 447. 1836 **
**Type. **Microstegium willdenovianum Nees.
**1135. Microstegium borianum Sur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 652. f. 1. 1983 (“1982”) **
Type. India.
Distribution. Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**1136. Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 201. 1921. **
Pollinia ciliata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 306. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich ex hb. Hornem. (LE).
Eulalia ciliata (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Andropogon biaristatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 379. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8823
Microstegium biaristatum (Steud.) Keng, Sinensia 3(3): 92. 1932
Pollinia monantha Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8819 as “Andropogon”
Eulalia monantha (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Microstegium monanthum (Nees) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 200. 1921
Pollinia ciliata Trin. var. seminuda Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 177. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 411
Pollinia lancea Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8815-B, Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8831
Pollinia laxa Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8823 as “Andropogon”
Pollinia wallichiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India: Sylhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8822 as “Andropogon”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1137. Microstegium eucnemis (Nees) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 200. 1921. **
Pollinia eucnemis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 409. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8812 as “Andropogon”
Eulalia eucnemis (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Coelarthron brandisii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 164. 1896. Type: Burma: high ground, generally with teak; 1883; *Brandis s.n. *(K).
Microstegium brandisii (Hook. f.) D. Rhind, Grass. Burma 62. 1945
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1138. Microstegium falconeri (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 816. 1981 **
Ischnochloa falconeri Hook. f., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2466. 1896. Type: India: North-Western Himalaya, growing amongst moss; Falconer s.n. (K).
Distribution. India (North western Himalaya).
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**1139. Microstegium fasciculatum (L.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 453. 1940 **
Andropogon fasciculatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.”, Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.27, lower central specimen (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000. Original designation by Henrard in Blumea 3: 454. 1940
Tripsacum fasciculatum (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 306. 1825
Pollinia vagans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8807-B
Microstegium vagans (Nees) A.Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 200. 1921
Eulalia vagans (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Pollinia grata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 175. 1889. Syntypes: India: Bengal, Silligori; O. Kuntze s.n. Sikkim, alt. 4500–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Java; Hoffmannsegg s.n. (B) and many syntypes.
Microstegium gratum (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 201. 1921
Pollinia montana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 409. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java, Mountains; Junghuhn s.n.
Ephebopogon gratus Nees & Mey. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 556. 1840, nom. nud.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1140. Microstegium petiolare (Trin.) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 87. 1938 **
Spodiopogon petiolaris Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 301–302. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8807)
Andropogon petiolaris (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 398. 1854
Ischaemum petiolare (Trin.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 238. 1889
Pollinia lehmannii Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19 (1): 186. 1843 (as “lehmanni”). Type: Not given.
Spodiopogon lehmannii (Arn. & Nees) Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 91. 1868 (as “lehmanni”)
Distribution. Assam, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1141. Microstegium reticulatum B. S. Sun ex H. Peng & X. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34(2): 213–215, pl. 1. 1996 **
Distribution. North East India [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**1142. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser. 2. 68: 201. 1921. **
Andropogon vimineus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 268. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8838 (LE).
Eulalia viminea (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891
Pollinia viminea (Trin.) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1: 35. 1923 (“1922”)
Pollinia imberbis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8832 as “Bathratherum”
Microstegium willdenovianum Nees in Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2 447. 1836. Type: Nepal; Herb. Willd.
Pollinia willdenoviana (Nees) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 67. 1881 (as “willdenowianum”)
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**Miscanthus Andersson, Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 12: 165. 1855 **
**Lectotype. ***Miscanthus japonicus *(Trin.) Andersson (*Eulalia japonica *Trin.). Designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 254. 1920.
**1143. Miscanthus fuscus (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 65. 1881 **
Sclerostachya fusca (Roxb.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 243. 1922
Saccharum fuscum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 241. 1920. Type: “A native of damp places over Bengal.”
Eriochrysis fusca (Roxb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 2: 315. 1832
Eriochrysis attenuata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 411. 1854
Sclerostachya milroyi Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 85. 1938. Type: India: Assam, Sibsagar; N.L. Bor s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1144. Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 104. 1889 **
Eulalia nepalensis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 333. 1832. Type: Nepal.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1145. Miscanthus nudipes (Griseb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 109. 1889 **
Erianthus nudipes Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 92. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis: Sikkim, alt. 9000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Erianthus no. 10.
Miscanthus taylorii Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 273–274. 1953. Type: China: Xizang, Kongbo Province, Trim La, Mayër, 12200 ft.; July 9, 1938; Ludlow, Sherriff & Taylor 5799 (BM).
Diandranthus taylorii (Bor) L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 14. 1997
Distribution. Assam, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1146. Miscanthus wardii Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 273. 1953 **
Type. India: Assam, Di Chu Gorge, Lohit Valley; April 12, 1950; F. Kingdon-Ward 19328 (K).
**Distribution. **Arunachal Pradesh (Naithani), Assam.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Arunachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**Mnesithea Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 153. 1829 **
**Type. **Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth (Rottboellia laevis Retz.).
**1147. Mnesithea clarkei (Hack.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 290. 1986 **
Rottboellia clarkei Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 8. 1891. Type: India: Chota Nagpur, Parasnath, alt. 2000 ft.;* C.B. Clarke 21075* (W).
Coelorachis clarkei (Hack.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 33. 1927 (as “Coelorrhachis”)
Rottboellia gibbosa Hack. ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 194. 1891. Type: India: Kanara; 1890; Talbot s.n.
Manisuris clarkei (Hack.) Bor, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16: 357. 1953
Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha,Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
**Habit. **Annual.
**1148. Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 290. 1986 **
Rottboellia glandulosa Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 250. 1832. Type: Java; *Trinius s.n. *(LE-TRIN-0113.01).
Manisuris glandulosa (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891
Coelorachis glandulosa (Trin.) Stapf ex Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 204. 1925
Ophiuros muricatulus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1855. Type: Java: “In humidis Tjikoya”; Zollinger s.n.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Andaman and Nicobar Islands fide Naithani (1990).
**1149. Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 295. 1986 **
Cenchrus granularis L., Mant. Pl. Altera 575. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1217.12 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 849. 1982.
Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 776. 1891
Manisuris granularis (L.) Naezén, Nov. Gram. Gen. 37. 1779
Rytilix granularis (L.) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 282: 20. 1913
Manisuris porifera Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 48. 1891. Type: India: Sikkim, Darjeeling, alt. 3000 ft.; October 22, 1869; C.B. Clarke 9752B (W).
Hackelochloa porifera (Hack.) D. Rhind, Grass. Burma 77. 1945
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1150. Mnesithea khasiana (Hack.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31: 291. 1986 **
Rottboellia striata Nees ssp. khasiana Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 302. 1889. Syntypes: India: Assam, Khasia; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Buleschwar; O. Kuntze s.n.
Coelorachis khasiana (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 101. 1938
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1151. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 154. 1829 var. **laevis
Rottboellia laevis Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 11. 1783 (as “laeuis”). Type: “Misit e Tranquebaria Cl. Koening.”
Ophiuros laevis (Retz.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 69. 1881 (as “Ophiurus”)
Thyridostachyum laeve (Retz.) Nees, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 685. 1841
Diperium cylindricum Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 76. t. 6. f. 3. 1831. Type: “Ex indiae orientali?”
Rottboellia perforata Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 43. t. 182. 1798. Type: India: grows on pasture ground; Roxburgh s.n. (BM).
Ophiuros perforatus (Roxb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 246. 1832 (as “Ophiurus”)
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1152. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 286. 1986 **
*Phleum cochinchinense *Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 48. 1790. Type: “Habitat spontaneum in Cochinchina.” Vietnam; Loureiro s.n. (BM).
Heteropholis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 816. 1981
Thaumastochloa cochinchinensis (Lour.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3313- 3314. 1936
Ophiuros monostachyus J. Presl in C.B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 330. 1830 (as “Ophiurus”). Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar (Naithani), Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [also in Indonesia].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1153. Mnesithea striata (Nees) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 292. 1986 var. **striata
Rottboellia striata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 361. 1854. Lectotye: Burma: Tavoy; October, 1827; Gomez (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8877-C). LT designated by de Koning & Sosef in Blumea 31(2): 292. 1986.
Coelorachis striata (Nees) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 197. 1921
Distribution. Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1154. Mnesithea striata (Nees) de Koning & Sosef var. pubescens (Hack.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Novon 15 (3): 470. 2005. **
Rottboellia striata Nees var. pubescens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 302. 1889. Type: India: Khasia Mountains; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n.
Coelorachis striata (Nees) A. Camus var. pubescens (Hack.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 519. 1941
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bangladesh].
Habit. Perennial.
**1155. Mnesithea veldkampii Potdar, S.P. Gaikwad, Salunkhe & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 59(4): 629–631. f. 1. 2005 **
**Type. **India: Maharashtra, Satara District, Mawashi Plateau; November 6, 2002; Yadav 1466 (CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**Ophiuros C.F. Gaertn., Suppl. Carp. 3. 1805 **
**Lectotype. ***Ophiuros corymbosus *C. F. Gaertn. (“corymbosa”), nom. illeg. (*Aegilops exaltata *L., *Ophiuros exaltatus *(L.) Kuntze) Probably designated by Clayton cf., Revis. Handb. Fl. Ceylon [Dassanayake] 2: 321. 1994.
**1156. Ophiuros bombaiensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 167–168. 1951 **
Type. India: Madras, Talyuppa Mysore, 2000–3200 ft.; October, 1998; A. Meebold 10764 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1157. Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891 **
Aegilops exaltata L., Mant. Pl. Altera 575. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Malabaria ad fossas agrorum.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1218.15 (LINN). LT designated by Simon in Taxon 31: 564. 1982.
*Ophiuros corymbosus *C.F. Gaertn., Suppl. Carp. 4. 1805 (“corymbosa”), nom. illeg. *Rottboellia corymbosa *L. f., nom. illeg. superfl. for *Aegilops exaltata *L.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1158. Ophiuros megaphyllus Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1058. 1924 **
Ophiuros corymbosus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 160. 1896, p.p., non (L. f.) C. F. Gaertn., 1805
Type. India: in marshy places Tarai and Duars, probably in Purneah; Haines s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Meghalaya and Nagaland fide Naithani.
**Parahyparrhenia A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Ser. 2, 22: 404. 1950 **
**Type. **Parahyparrhenia jaergeriana A. Camus.
**1159. Parahyparrhenia bellariensis (Hack.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 27(3): 448. 1972 **
Andropogon bellariensis Hack., Flora 68: 123. 1885. Type: India: Anantapur District, on Gooty Fort Hill, Bellari; Wight 2321 (K).
Heteropogon bellariensis (Hack.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1744. 1934
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka.
Habit. Perennial.
**Phacelurus Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2(5/6): 423. 1846 **
**Type. **Phacelurus digitatus (Sm.) Griseb. (Rottboellia digitata Sm.).
**1160. Phacelurus speciosus (Steud.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 35. 1928 **
Andropogon speciosus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 263 (B).
Pseudophacelurus speciosus (Steud.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 370. 1921
Rottboellia speciosa (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 282. 1889
Vossia speciosa (Steud.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 70. 1881 [combination is not made here]
Andropogon corollatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 264
Ischaemum corollatum (Steud.) Will. Watson, Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882
Ischaemum robustum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 139. 1896. Type: Northwest Himalaya: Pauni, Bursahi, alt. 7000 ft.; Brandeis s.n.
Ischaemum speciosum Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854, nom. inval., as “A. Speciosus Nees (mpt. sub. Ischaemum).”
Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1161. Phacelurus zea (C.B. Clarke) Clayton, Kew Bull. 33(2): 177. 1978 **
Rottboellia zea C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 86–87. t. 35. 1889. Type: India: Muneypore; C.B. Clarke 41980 (K).
Thyrsia zea (C.B. Clarke) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3078. 1922
Distribution. Manipur, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Pogonachne Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 176. 1949 **
**Type. **Pogonachne racemosa Bor.
**1162. Pogonachne racemosa Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 176. 1949 **
Type. India: Matheran, Western Ghats; October 25, 1896; Woodrow s.n. (K).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**Pogonatherum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 56, 176. 1812 **
**Type. **Pogonatherum saccharoideum P. Beauv., nom. illeg. (Saccharum paniceum Lam., Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack.).
**1163. Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 478. 1833 **
Andropogon crinitus Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 40. t. 7. 1784 (as “crinitum”). Type: Japan
Homoplitis crinita (Thunb.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 166. 1820
Ischaemum crinitum (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 298. 1832
Andropogon monandrus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 264. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Mountainous countries.”
Pollinia monandra Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 288. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1164. Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 178. 1906 **
Saccharum paniceum Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1: 595. 40. f. 1. 1785. Type: “Cette plante croit dans les Indes orientales, & nous a été communiqué par M. Sonnerat.” East Indies; Sonerat s.n.(P).
Pogonatherum santapaui Sur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73(1): 190. 1976. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Garhwal, alt. 2300 ft.; February 26, 1960; J.N. Vohra 11248
Pogonatherum polystachyum Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 497. 1817, nom. illeg. & superfl. for Saccharum paniceum
Pollinia polystachys Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 288. 1825 nom. illeg. & superfl. for Saccharum paniceum
Perotis polystachya Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 324. 1797, nom. illeg. & superfl. for S. paniceum
Pogonatherum saccharoideum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 176, 177. 1812, nom. illeg. & superfl. for Saccharum paniceum
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1165. Pogonatherum rufobarbatum Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 81. 1851 **
Type. India: Assam, in aquois, Moosmai; October 18, 1835; It. Ass. 159.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**Polytrias Hack. (1887), in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(2): 24. 1887 **
**Type. **Polytrias praemorsa (Nees) Hack. (Pollinia praemorsa Nees).
**1166. Polytrias indica (Houtt.) Veldkamp, Blumea 36(1): 180–181. 1991. **
Phleum indicum Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2(13): Aanwyz. Plaat. [1], 198, pl. 90, f. 2. 1782. (13 May 1782). Type: Koenig s.n., Indonesia, Java
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 19(4): 320. 1938 var. indicum
Andropogon diversiflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(4–5): 370. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; “Andropogon ? no. 539, p. 99, Zoll. Moritz.”
Eulalia amaura Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 2. 1947, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon diversiflorus
Polytrias amaura Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 788. 1891, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon diversiflorus
Andropogon amaurus Buse, Pl. Jungh. 360. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon**diversiflorus. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 539 Herb. Acad. L. Bata.
Distribution. West Bengal [also in Indonesia].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for West Bengal fide Naithani (1990).
**Pseudanthistiria (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7 (pt. 21): 219. 1896 **
Andropogon sect. Pseudanthistiria Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 400. 1889.
**Lectotype. **Pseudanthistiria heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. (Anthistiria heteroclita Roxb.). LT designated by B.P. Uniyal in Taxon 33: 501. 1984.
**1167. Pseudanthistiria burmanica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 220. 1896 **
Type. Burma: Pegu; Kurz s.n.
Distribution. Kerala [Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**1168. Pseudanthistiria heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 219. 1896 **
Anthistiria heteroclita Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 253–254. 1820. Type: India: “A native of newly made pasture land in the vicinity of Calcutta.”
Andropogon heteroclitus (Roxb.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 115. 1841
Pseudanthistiria hispida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 219. 1896. Syntypes: India: the Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n., J.S. Law s.n., Dalzell s.n. Central province, Khandwa; Duthie s.n.
Pseudanthistiria intermedia Birari & D’cruz, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73: 192. f. 1–5. 1976. Type: India: Maharashtra, Khandesh, Satpura Range; November 17, 1968; S.R. Birari I-681BC (AHMA).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman & Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Habit. Annual.
**1169. Pseudanthistiria umbellata (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 220. 1896 **
Andropogon umbellatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 401. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 963 (W).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Pseudodichanthium Bor, Indian Forester 66: 271. 1940 **
**Type. **Pseudodichanthium serrafalcoides (Cooke & Stapf) Bor (Andropogon serrafalcoides Cooke & Stapf).
**1170. Pseudodichanthium serrafalcoides (Cooke & Stapf) Bor, Indian Forester 66: 272. 1940 **
Andropogon serrafalcoides Cooke & Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 450. 1908. Type: India: Western Ghats, Sakarpattar, near Lanauli; Woodrow s.n.
Dichanthium serrafalcoides (Cooke & Stapf) Blatt. & McCann., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 426. 1928
Andropogon cookei Stapf ex Woodrow, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 438. 1901, nom. nud.
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Pseudosorghum **A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26(7): 662. 1920–1921 **
**Lectotype. ***Pseudosorghum fasciculare *(Roxb.) A. Camus (*Andropogon fascicularis *Roxb.).
**1171. Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26(7): 662. 1920–1921 **
Andropogon fascicularis Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 269. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Mountains.”
Sorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1034. 1924
Andropogon gangeticus Hack. ex Duthie, Fodder Grasses of North. India 34. 1988
Sorghum gangeticum (Hack. ex Duthie) Kunze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 791. 1891
Andropogon nitidulus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 199. 1896. Type: NorthWest Himalaya: on the Sewalik Hills; and Chanda in the Central Provinces; Duthie s.n.
Andropogon tonkinensis Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(6): 112. 1890. Type: Vietnam: Tonkin, Phuong-Lam, Sur les Collines incultes; January 13, 1887; Balansa 1770 (L).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**Rottboellia L. f., Suppl. Pl. 13 (Rottböllia), 114 (“Rottbölla”). 1782 (“1781”), nom. cons. **
**Type. Rottboellia exaltata L. f., nom. illeg. (non (L.) Naezen, 1779) (typ. cons.).
**1172. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 817. 1981 **
Stegosia cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 51. 1790. Type: Vietnam: “Nullibi eam vidi praeterquam in Cochinchina.”
Rottboellia exaltata L.f., Suppl. Pl. 114. 1782 (“1781”), non (L.) Naezen, 1779. Type: “Habitat in indiis”; Thunberg s.n. (LINN).
Rottboellia exaltata L.f. var. robusta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 156. 1896. Syntypes: India: Malabar, Palamocotta; Wight 3286, Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8875E. Poone; Woodrow s.n.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1173. Rottboellia goalparensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 100. 1938 **
Robynsiochloa goalparensis (Bor) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 817. 1981
Type. India: Assam, Goalpara District, Kochugaon; Das 10471 (K).
Distribution. Assam.
Habit. Annual.
**Saccharum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Saccharum officinarum L. (“officinaram”) LT designated by Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 89. 30 Jun 1909; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 255. 1920.
**1174. Saccharum fallax Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 80. 1890 **
Narenga fallax (Balansa) Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 162. 1948
Erianthus chrysothrix Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 6. 1891. Syntypes: India: Naga Hills ad Piffima, alt. 2000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 40913. Khasia Mountains. ad Nungklas; C.B. Clarke 40209. India: Shillong, alt. 4000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 44484. India; C.B. Clarke 44484
Type. Vietnam: Hills and Valleys of Tu-Phap; Balansa s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1175. Saccharum filifolium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 409. 1854 **
Erianthus filifolius (Steud.) Nees ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 146. 1889
Erianthus macratherus Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 347. 1939. Type: Sikkim, Nanga-Parbat, Gebiet, Indus-Tal, Drang, Jalipur, 4000 ft.; May 22, 1937; C. Troll 7170
Saccharum macratherum (Pilg.) Ahmad & Stewart, Grasses of West Pakistan 1: 79. 1958 (as “macrantherus”)
Type. Nepal.
Distribution. Sikkim [Afghanisthan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1176. Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boisser) 5: 453. 1884 **
Erianthus griffithii (Munro ex Boiss.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 122. 1896
Saccharum ciliare Andersson var. griffithii (Munro ex Boiss.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 119. 1889
Type. Afghanistan: Kuram District, on the arid shingle plains and borders of fields, up to 6000 ft. “Hab. ad Schah Bilawul Afghaniae”; Griffith exs. 507.
Distribution. Punjab [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1177. Saccharum longisetosum (T. Anderson) V. Naray., Fl. Assam 5: 461. 1940 var. **longisetosum
Erianthus longisetosus T. Anderson, Ofvers. Forh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 163. 1855. Syntypes: India: Sillet. India; F. de Silva s.n. India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8846
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1178. Saccharum longisetosum (T. Anderson) V. Naray. var. hookeri (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 212. 1960 **
Erianthus hookeri Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 142. 1889. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker Erianthus no. 15
Saccharum hookeri (Hack.) V. Naray., Fl. Assam 5: 461. 1940
Erianthus longisetosus T. Anderson var. *hookeri *(Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 151. 1960
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1179. Saccharum narenga (Nees) Wall. ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 119. 1889 **
Eriochrysis narenga Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 411. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8856 B (K).
Eriochrysis porphyrocoma Hance, J. Bot. 14(166): 294. 1876. Type: China: Guangdong, “secus amnem Lien chau”; October, 1875; Galbraith 19285
Narenga porphyrocoma (Hance) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 268. 1940
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1180. Saccharum officinarum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753 **
Lectotype. “Arundo saccharifera C.B.” in Sloane, Voy. Jamaica, 1: 108, t. 66, 1707. Typotype: Herb. Sloane 2: 14 (BM-SL). LT designated by Reveal et al. in Taxon 38: 96. 1989.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1181. Saccharum rufipilum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 409. 1854 **
Erianthus rufipilus (Steud.) Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 93. 1868
Erianthus pallens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 145. 1889. Type: India: Himalayas; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. (B).
Saccharum versicolor Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 409. 1854. Type: India
Erianthus versicolor (Steud.) Hack. var. pallens (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 124. 1896
Erianthus fulvus Nees ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 147. 1889, non (R. Br.) Kunth, 1829
Type. Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8849.
Distribution. Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1182. Saccharum sikkimense (Hook. f.) V. Naray., Fl. Assam 5: 462. 1940 (as “sikkimensis”) **
Erianthus sikkimensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 123. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim Himalaya, Lachen Valley, alt. 600 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K).
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1183. Saccharum sinense Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 26. t. 232. 1815 **
Saccharum barberi Jesweit, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 12: 396. 1925. Type: India: Chunnee-riet.
Type. Introduced into Botanical Garden of Calcutta from China in 1796.
**Distribution. **West Bengal [Bangladesh, China]. Cultivated.
Habit. Perennial.
**1184. Saccharum spontaneum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 183. 1771 **
Imperata spontanea (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 8. 165. 1812
Saccharum canaliculatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 251. 1820. Type: “A most beautiful stately species, a native of Bengal in moist thickets.”
Saccharum insulare Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 99. 1831. Type: “Sauvage dans les lieux frais près des ruisseaux de l’ile Oualan, l’une des iles Carolines” Caroline Islands: Kusaie (Kosrae, Oualan); 1825; Lesson s.n. (P).
Saccharum propinquum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 406. 1854. Type: “Ex Hrbo. Prisiensi. Coromandel.”
Saccharum semidecumbens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 241. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal, where it delights in low wet places.”
Type. “Habitat in Malabariae aquosis. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 77.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Nasir and Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 263. 1982.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1185. Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope, Kew Bull. 35:702. 1980 **
Erianthus wardii Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 498. 1954. Type: Burma: North Triangle, Kainjaw, alt. 3200 ft.; December 2, 1953; *F. Kingdon-Ward 21666 *(K).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani.
**1186. Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope, Kew Bull. 35:703. 1980 **
Erianthus williamsii Bor, Kew Bull. 12(3): 413. 1958. Type Nepal: NW of Gurjakhani, 9000 ft.; July 30, 1954; Polunin, Sykes & Williams 3670 (BM).
Distribution. India [Nepal (Naithani)].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**Sarga Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 23(2): 296. 1911 **
**Type.**Sarga stipoidea Ewart & Jean White.
**1187. Sarga leiocladus (Hack.) Spangler, Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(3): 290. 2003 (as “leiocladum”) **
Andropogon australis Spreng. ssp. leiocladus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 524. 1889. Type: Australia: New South Wales, Central Coast, Port Jackson; February, 1825; C. Gaudichaud s.n. (P).
Sorghum leiocladus (Hack.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3364. 1938 (as “leiocladum”)
Distribution. India [also in Australia]. Native to eastern Australia.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. It is possible that this report is erroneous.
**Schizachyrium Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 331. 1829 **
**Lectotype. **Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees (Andropogon condensatus Kunth). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 1077. 1874.
**1188. Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse, Pl. Jungh. 359. 1854 **
Andropogon brevifolius Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 26. 1788 (as “brevifolium”). Type: “Jamaica.” Lectotype: West Indies: Jamaica; O.P. Swartz s.n. (M). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 143. 1908.
Pollinia brevifolia (Sw.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 13. 1815
Andropogon floridus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 2: 265. 1832
Andropogon obtusifolius Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 583. 1810. Type: “Cette plante a été recueillie par M. Lendru a Porto Ricco.” Puerto Rico; *M. Lendru s.n. *(P).
Andropogon parviflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 277. 1820. Type: “A very beautiful most delicate species, a native of pasture land up amongst the Circar Mountains and also of the Mountains themselves.”
Pollinia vaginata Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 11. 1815. Type: “Habitat in Bengalia.”
Andropogon debilis Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 488. 1833. Type: Mexico.
Andropogon tenellus J. Presl in C. Presl., Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 335. 1830, nom. later hom. non Roxb., 1820. Type: “Hab. in Mexico”; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**1189. Schizachyrium delavayi (Hack.) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. new ser. 1(3): 95. 1938 **
Andropogon delavayi Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 404–405. 1889. Syntypes: China: Yunnan, Kimi-se, ad pedes Hee-schan-man prope Koken; J.M. Delavay 1800; China: Yunnan, in pratis ad Ki-pin-Kay prope Tali; J.M. Delavay 2242 (P).
Eremopogon delavayi (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2. 68: 208. 1921
Andropogon bootanensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 166. 1896. Type: Bhutan Himalaya: Tassangsee, alt., 5000–6000 ft.; Griffith s.n.
Schizachyrium bootanense (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2. 70: 90. 1923
Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1190. Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 284. 1917 **
Andropogon exilis Hochst., Flora 27: 241. 1844. Syntypes: Sudan: “Ad latus, orientale montis Cordofani Arasch-Cool locis humidis habitat”; Kotschyi 370 (K). Ethiopia: ad latus orientale montis Cordofani Arasch-Cool locis humidis habitat; 1837–1838; Kotschyi 19 (L).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani.
**1191. Schizachyrium impressum (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 70: 91. 1923 **
Andropogon impressus Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 49. 1891. Type: India: Kashmir, Kishtwar, 4000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 31433 (W).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1192. Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 334. 1931 **
Rottboellia sanguinea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 25. 1783. Type: “Ramulum misit Cl. Bladh e China.” China; *Bladh s.n. *(LD).
Andropogon sanguineus (Retz.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 12: 101. 1917
Thelepogon sanguineus (Retz.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 299. 1824 (“1825”)
Schizachyrium semiberbe Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 336. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia australiori”; Sellow s.n. (B).
Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 489. 1833
Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth var. leptostachyus (Benth.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 370. 1889
Andropogon leptostachyus Benth., Niger Fl. [W. J. Hooker]. 571. 1849. Type: “On the Quarra; Vogel.” Nigeria: River Niger [Quorra]; Vogel s.n. (K)
Andropogon pseudograya Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 365. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka; Arnott s.n.
Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 334. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia australiori.” Brazil; *Sellow s.n. *(B).
Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 571. 1832
Distribution. Meghalaya [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1193. Schizachyrium sudhanshui N.P. Singh, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 60(3–4): 359. 1981 **
Type. “lecti ad Raichur-Hyderabad via 19th km ad alt. C. 400 m in dist. Raichur, ditionae Karnataka dei 15th Novembris anni 1975.” Holotype: Singh 141725A (CAL); isotypes: Singh 141725B-D (BSI).
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Annual.
**1194. Schizachyrium villosum (Poir.) Veldkamp, Blumea 31: 306. 1986 **
Rottboellia villosa Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6: 313. 1804 (as “Rottbolla”). Type: “Cette plante a été recueillie dans les Indes par Commerson (V.S. in Herb. Juss.).” Commerson s.n. (P.-JU).
Distribution. India.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not reported.
**Sehima Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178. 1775 **
**Type. **Sehima ischaemiides Forssk.
**1195. Sehima ischaemoides Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178. 1775 **
Andropogon lineatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854
Andropogon rhyncophorus Stapf, Mém. Soc. Bot. France. 8: 101. 1908. Type: Central African Republic: Dar-el-Hadjer; *Chevalier 9797 *(K).
Sehima inscalptum Hochst., Flora 27: 247. 1844. Type: “Ad agrorum margines locis siccioribus prope Gapdiam in Abyssiniae provincia Tigre lectum est. Septembri floriferum.” Ethiopia; September 24, 1839; Schimper 739 (K, MO).
Andropogon inscalptus (Hochst.) Andersson, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 310. 1867
Ischaemum inscalptum (Hochst.) A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 472. 1850–1851.
Sehima kotschyi Hochst., Flora 27: 247. 1844. Type: “Ad radices montis Cordofani Arasch-Cool in fissuris rupium graniticarum”; Sudan: Kordofan, Arashkol; Kotschy 373
Andropogon sehima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Sehima**ischaemoides
Type. “Yeman in montibus ad Hadle.” Yemen: Al Hadiyah, in montibus ad Hadie; 1763; Forsska s.n. (C).
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1196. Sehima nervosa (Rottler) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 36. 1917 (as “nervosum”) **
Andropogon nervosus Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 218. 1803. Type: India: Madras;* Rottler s.n. *(K).
Hologamium nervosum (Rottler) Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 185. 1835
Ischaemum nervosum (Rottler) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864
Andropogon striatus Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 903. 1806. Type: “Habitat in Malabaria.”
Ischaemum laxum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 205. 1810. Type: Australia: “littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.”
Ischaemum macrostachyum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 472. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montibus versus fluvium Tacazze, mense Augusto (Schimper)”
Andropogon macrostachyus (A. Rich.) Andersson, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 310. 1867
Sehima macrostachyum Hochst. ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 245. 1889, invalid, pro syn.
Andropogon tacazensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Deccan, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1197. Sehima notata (Hack.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 27: 373. 1921 (as “notatum”) **
Ischaemum notatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 246. 1889. Type: India: Kamaon District; 5100–7300 ft.; J.F. Duthie 5057. Prope Dunagiri supra Duarahat ad 6600 ft.
Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand.
Habit. Perennial.
**1198. Sehima sulcata (Hack.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 27: 373. 1921 (as “sulcatum”) **
Ischaemum sulcatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 248. 1889. Type: “India orientalis, prope Narsingpur province, Centralis alt. 1000 ft.”; *O. Kuntze in h. prop. s.n. *Sholapur province, Bombay Stead in h. m.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**Sorghum Moench, Methodus (Moench) 207. 1794, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Holcus bicolor L.).
**1199. Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 114. 1917 **
Rhaphis arundinacea Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831 (as “arundinaceus”). Type: ‘Habitat in Guinea.’ (West Tropical Africa).
Andropogon stapfii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 184. 1896. Type: Tinnevelly, Palamcottah; Wight s.n.
Sorghum stapfii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(9): 1735. 1931
Andropogon verticilliflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 393. 1854. Type: “An praecedentis var. Ins. Borbon.”
Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 116. 1917
Sorghum pugionifolium Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 240. 1955. Type: India: Punjab, Gurgaon; October 24, 1886; J.R. Drummond 21901
Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 906. 1806, nom. illeg. later hom., non P.J. Bergius, 1767. Type: Guinea (West Tropical Africa); P.E. Isert s.n. (B-W).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Annual or Perennial.
**1200. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 207. 1794 **
Holcus bicolor L., Mant. Pl. Altera 301. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Persia. D. Lerche. H. U.” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 468, Holcus 1 (BM-000647533). LT designated by Davidse in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 251. 2000.
Andropogon bicolor (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 272. 1820
Holcus sorghum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 468,* Holcus* 1 (BM-000647533). LT designated by Davidse in Cafferty et al. (ed.). Taxon 49: 251. 2000.
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 88. 1804
Sorghum vulgare Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 101. 1805
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. arduini (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. arduini Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 312. 1885. Type: “Dies ist vielleicht in Europa die zur samengewinnung und als Grunfutterpflanze am moisten gebaute varietat, und die erste, welche in deutsche Garten gelangte.”
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. picigutta Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935. Type: Burma: Rangoon; McClelland s.n.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. subglobosum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. subglobosus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 515. 1889. Type: “Ins. Hawaii, Honolulu in hortis (Wawra).”
Andropogon subglabrescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 393. 1854. Type: “Abyssin, An interim, A. Sorghi var.”
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 302, 306. 1867
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. subglabrescens (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 519. 1889
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. latum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 255. 1935. Type: Somaliland: without precise locality; Farquharson 1
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. pabulare Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Baroda; Ryan s.n.
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. paniculatellum (Chiov.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935 (as “paniculatella”)
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. rugulosum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. rugulosus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 508. 1889. Type: “In insulis Capitis Viridis praesertim in ins. S. Nicolae, ex Bolle (in sched. h. berol.) spontaneous.” Abyssinia: Cultivated; Herb. Braun (B).
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. oviforme Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 254. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Puna; Herb. Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 72
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. rubidum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. subvar. rubidus Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68, 69. 1906. Type: India: Madras, Coimbatore; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India; Barber 961
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68, 69. 1906
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. compactus Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67, 69. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Madras, Bellary; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India; Barber 17840
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. compactum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. irungiformis Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67, 69. 1906, p.p.
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67, 69. 1906, p.p.
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. irungiforme (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. irungiformis Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 69. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Madras, Trichinopoly; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India; Barber 17840
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 69. 1906, p.p.
Sorghum basiplicatum Chiov var. paniculatellum Chiov., Monogr. Rapp. Col. Roma no. 19: 38. 1912. Type: Eritrea: without precise locality; International Exhibition Turin 1911, 9
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. caudatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 517. 1889. Type: “Colitur in Africa centrali in terra Djur (Schweinf. Ser. III, n. 180 ex p.).”
Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 131. 1917, p.p.
Holcus cernuus Ard., Saggi Sci. Lett. Accad. Padova 1: 128. t. 3. f. 1, 2. 1786
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 2. t. 3. 1809
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. orbiculatum Snowden Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935. Type: India: Central Procinces, Yeotmal; Youngman 56
Sorghum truchmenorum C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 442. 1848. Type: Russia, Transcaspian Province; C. Koch s.n.
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. truchmenorum (C. Koch) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. truchmenorum (C. Koch) Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 315. 1885
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. subcylindricum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Poona; Herb Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 65
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. globosus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 517. 1889. Type: India orient, colitur e. gr. Prope Seramput (Voigt. In H. Havn.) India: Bihar & Orissa, Serampur; Voigt s.n. (Mus. Bot. Haun.).
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. globosum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. yemensis Körn., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 11. 1894. Type: “Arab Jemen im Tiefland der Tehama ostl von Marraua 162. Ernte Ende Dec 1888. Arab Sudkuste Schugra 60 coll, 81.” Arabia: Yemen, east of Marraua; Schweinfurth 162 (B).
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. yemense (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. agricolarum Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Central Provinces, Ellichpur District; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 22941
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. agricolarum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935
Sorghum conspicuum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 226. 1935. Type: Tanzania: Tanganyika Territory, Rufiji District; Wakefield 9 (K).
Sorghum conspicuum Snowden var. orientale Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 227. 1935. Type: India: Bihar & Orissa, Bhagalpur; Alam 6 (K).
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. usaramense Buese & Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 184. 1902 (as “usaramensis”). Type: Tanzania: Tanganyika Territory, Usaramo, Kisserawe; Busse 395 (B).
Sorghum conspicuum Snowden var. usaramense (Buese & Pilg.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 227. 1935
Holcus dochna Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 174. 1775. Type: “Rosetta primum mihi obveniebat in horto, cultus ob pabulum Aviculatum, florens initio Novemb. Potlea, cereale vulgare in Arabia in veniebatur.” Egypt: Rashid (Rosetta); 1761; *Forsskal 108 *(C).
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 234. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. saccharatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 509. 1889. Type: “Habitat in India.”
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. obovatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 514. 1889, p.p. Type: “Vidi ex Italia sup. Pr. Veronam (Reichb. F. germ. exs. No. 2408 sub S. vulgari) Lectum, Hispania (murcia, I. Bourgeau Pl Esp. 1522), Madeira (subv. 4).”
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. obovatum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935
Sorghum rubens Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1036. 1809.
Andropogon rubens (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 164. 1829
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. irungu Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68. 1906. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, Madura; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15616
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. irungu (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. technicus Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 308. 1885
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. technicum (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935
Sorghum technicum (Körn) Battand. & Trabut, Fl. Alger (Battandier & Trabut) 128. 1895
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. pulcher Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67. 1906, p.p. Type: Burma: Saging; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 11793a
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. pulchrum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. atrum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935. Type: Burma: Saging; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 11795a
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. melliferum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, Tinnevelly; Anstead 3
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. wightii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 511. 1889. Type: “Peninsula Indiae or. (Wight h. prop. N. 185).” India: Without precise Locality; Herb. Wight propr. 185 (B).
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. wightii (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 129. 1917, non (Forssk.) Batt. & Trab., 1895
Holcus durra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 174. 1775. Type: “Kahirae Durra: in arab. Taam. Colitur fere unicum cereale, finale cum H. Dochn.” Yemen: Wadi Mawr; 1763; Forsskål 111(C).
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. durra (Forssk.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 516. 1889. Type: “Maxime cultus in Aegypto tota (Schweinf. 1523) sub nominee durra awageh, in Abyssinia (Schimp.) Darfur (Pfund), Senegalia (Lelievre, et Verisimiliter etiam in Africa centrali.”
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. maximum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935. Type: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Gedarif; Punter 5
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. aegyptiacus Körn., Mem. Inst. Egypt. 2: 164. 1887. Type: Egypt: Assouan; Ehrenberg s.n. (B).
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. aegyptiacum (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 249. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. coimbatoricum Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68. 1906. Type: India: Madras, Coimbatore District; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15593
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. coimbatoricum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. fuscum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Sind, Hyderbad; Navani 2
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Madras, Kristna; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15560
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. mediocre (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 249. 1935
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. rivulare Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935. Type: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: White Nile; Punter 56
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. fecundum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Sind; Herb. Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 40
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. elongatum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Sind; Herb. Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 26
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. bicolor Körn., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 11–12. 1894, non Hack., 1889
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. usorum Körn., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 12. 1894, non (Nees) Körn. & Wern., 1885
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. eois Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67. 1906. Type: India: Punjab, Dera Ismail Khan; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15924
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. eois (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. javanicus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 517. 1889. Type: “E seminibus javanicis in horto bot. Vindobonensi cultum vidi in herb. Vind.” Austria: Vienna, cultivated in the Botanical Gardens, seed from Java (Herb. Vindob.).
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. javanicum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1835
Sorghum membranaceum Chiov., Monogr. Rapp. Col. Roma 19, 23, 24, 27. 1912. Type: “Collezione della Colonia Eritrea Presentata all’ Esposizione Internat, Torino 1911”
Sorghum papyrascens Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 134. 1917. Type: Sudan: Sennar, without special localization; Rubber Exhibition London 1914
Sorghum membranaceum Chiov. var. ehrenbergianum (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 231. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. ehrenbergianus Körn., Mem. Inst. Egypt. 2: 163. 1887. Type: Egypt: near Assouan; Ehrenberg s.n. (B).
Sorghum membranaceum Chiov. var. lateritium (Stapf) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 231. 1935
Sorghum papyrascens Stapf var. lateritium Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 134. 1917. Type: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Sennar Province; Rubber Exhibition London 1914
Sorghum miliiforme (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. milliformis Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 518. 1889. Type: “Colitur in Bengaliae regione trop. (Hook. f. et Thoms.) in Ceylon.” India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n.
Sorghum milliforme (Hack.) Snowden var. rotundulum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935. Type: Bihar & Orissa, Bhagalpur; Alam 9
Sorghum milliforme (Hack.) Snowden var. sikkimense Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935. Type: India: Sikkim, Tukvar; Gamble 3354a
Sorghum nervosum Bess. ex Schultes, Mant. 2 (Schultes) Add. II: 669. 1827
Andropogon besseri Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 166. 1829
Sorghum roxburghii Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 126. 1917
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. hians Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 184. 1896. Type: Wight Cat. no. 1670
Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. hians (Stapf) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 127. 1917
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. fulvus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 512. 1889. Type: “Colitur in Madagascar (Hildebrandt 3219 pr. Nosi-be), in ins Angorna (Peters in h. berol.).” Madagascar: Nossi-Be; Hildebrandt 3219 (K).
Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. fulvum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 228. 1935
Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. semiclausum Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 127. 1917, p.p., nom. & stat. nov.
Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. nanum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 228. 1935. Type: India: Bihar & Orissa, Patna; Alam 2
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated; native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Sorghum bicolor was divided into many infraspecific taxa by Snowden (1935), but Harlan and DeWet (1972) provided a much simpler classification, reducing most of Snowden’s taxa to synonymy.
**1201. Sorghum controversum (Steud.) Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 210. 1955 **
Andropogon controversus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 391. 1854. Type: “A. laxus Roxb. Fl. Ind. 275 vix Thunberg. Ind. or.”
Type. Not designated. Until Roxburgh’s type specimen has been located, a specimen in Kew Herbarium, Bourne 3270, from Tapeswarani, Godavery District, Madras province, dated December 1907, has been selected as characteristic of the awned state of this species.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**1202. Sorghum deccanense Stapf in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 245. 1960 **
Type. India: Madhya Pradesh; J.F. Duthie 8538, 10025. Deccan; Woodrow s.n.
Distribution. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Gujarat and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**1203. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 101. 1805 **
Holcus halepensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Syria, Mauritania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.7 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1869. 1985.
Milium halepense (L.) Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles). 306. 1802
Andropogon halepensis (L.) Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 89. 1804
Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. ssp. halepensis (L.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 501. 1889
Blumenbachia halepensis (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 29. 1802 (as “haleppensis”)
Andropogon miliaceus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 276. 1820. Lectotype: Wallich Numer. List no 8778 B. LT designated by Snowden in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 207. 1955.
Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 207. 1955
Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden var. parvispiculum Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 209. 1955. Type: India: Dehra Dun; Gamble 27139 (K).
Andropogon arundinaceus Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed 2. 2: 274. 1772, non P.J.Bergius, 1767. Type: “Habitat in Afro Tergeftino, calamitosum.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1204. Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 101. 1805 **
Holcus nitidus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 102. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali.”
Holcus fulvus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 199. 1810. Type: Australia: “littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.”
Sorghum fulvum (R. Br.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 131, 164. 1812
Andropogon fulvus (R. Br.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 8. 1815
Sorghum tropicum Buse, Pl. Jungh. 359. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Holcus fulvus.
Andropogon serratus Thunb., Syst. Veg., ed. 14 (J. A. Murray). 903. 1784
Sorghum serratum (Thunb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891, non (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult., 1817
Andropogon tropicus Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 287. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Holcus fulvus
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1205. Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 249. 1931 (“1929”) **
Andropogon propinquus Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 502. 1833. Type: “Ins. Neu-Hannover, ad ripas.”
Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. var. siamense (Piper) Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 214. 1955
Sorghum affine A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 321. 1922, non (R. Br.) Kuntze, 1891
Andropogon affinis J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 343. 1830, non R. Br., 1810. Type: Philippines: Luzon; T. Haenke s.n. [according to Piper, 1915] (US-76438).
Andropogon halepensis (L.) Brot. ssp. siamensis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 30. 1915. Syntypes: Cambodia: Pnum Penh; October, 1878; Godefroy-lebeuf 83 (K). Siam: Pak Bawag; September 4, 1911; Kerr 2006 (K). Siam: Near Kampang, 350 ft., growing in pampas along the banks of Mei Ping river; October 11, 1911; Kerr 2156 (K).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1206. Sorghum purpureosericeum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Schweinf. & Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 310. 1867 **
Andropogon purpureosericeus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 469. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in convalle fluvii Mareb, mense Novembre; Quartin Dillon et Ant. Petit et in locis paludosis in regione Montana Walcha provinciae Sana, mense Augusto; Schimper s.n.”
Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [also in Africa].
Habit. Annual.
**Spodiopogon Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 192. 1820 **
**Type. **Spodiopogon sibiricus Trin.
**1207. Spodiopogon aristatus R.J. Desai & Raole, Kew Bull. 67(1): 103. 2012 **
Type. India, Gujarat, Tapi District, Bunadha, 10 November 2009, R.J. Desai 241 (holotype: BARO).
Distribution. Gujarat.
Habit. Perennial.
**1208. Spodiopogon cotulifer (Thunb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 187. 1889 **
Andropogon cotulifer Thunb., Syst. Veg., ed. 14 (J. A. Murray). 903. 1784 (“cotuliferum”). Type: Japonia: Nagasaki; Thunburg s.n.
Eccoilopus cotulifer (Thunb.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2. 70: 92. 1924
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1209. Spodiopogon dubius Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 186. 1889 **
Type. “In Himalayae boreali-occidentalis regione tropica (Hook. f. et Thomos h. Ind. Or. Andropogon 11).” Nepal, alt. 10000 ft.; J.D. Hooker. & Thomson s.n.
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1210. Spodiopogon jainii V.J. Nair, A.N. Singh & N.C. Nair, Curr. Sci. 50: 730. 1981 **
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh.
Habit. Annual.
**1211. Spodiopogon lacei Hole, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. 5(6): 185. 1915 **
Syntypes. Burma: Maymyo; Lace no. 4372. Burma: Maymyo; Lace no. M (6). Burma: Maymyo; Lace 6025 (DD).
Distribution. Manipur [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990).
**1212. Spodiopogon rhizophorus (Steud.) Pilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl], 14e: 119. 1940 **
Andropogon rhizophorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 381. 1854. Type: “Hinc praecedenti, hinc A. biaristato Steud nr. 197 affinis. Hrbr Wall. Nr 1821.”
Spodiopogon albidus Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 66. 1881, nom. nud.
Distribution. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**Thelepogon Roth, Syst. Veg. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 46. 1817 **
**Type. **Thelepogon elegans Roth.
**1213. Thelepogon elegans Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 788. 1817 **
Andropogon princeps A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 470. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in campis humidis convallis fluvii Tacazze, mense Julio; Quartin Dillon.” Type: Ethiopia: Tacazze; Quartin Dillon & Petit s.n. (P)
Jardinea abyssinica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon**princeps
Rhiniachne princeps (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1854, nom. invalid. Cited as synonym of Jardinea abyssinica
Type. “In India Orientali; Roth s.n.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa].
Habit. Annual.
**Themeda Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab 178. 1775 **
**Type. **Themeda triandra Forssk.
- Themeda anathera (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 669. 1889
Anthistiria anathera Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 402. 1854. Type: India Orientali; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8773 (K).
Androscepia anathera (Nees) Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 249. 1856
*Themeda dacurzii *Birari, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 70: 346. f. 1–5. 1973. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Dehra Dun, Mussoorie Hill; December 17, 1969; Birari I-774 (College of Agriculture).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1215. Themeda arguens (L.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 657. 1889 **
Stipa arguens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 117. 1762. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 94.10 (LINN). LT designated by Merrill in Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 89. 1917. Epitype: Thailand. Flora of Siam 8036 (BM). Epitype designated by Cope in (ed.), SC/CEJ.
Anthistiria arguens (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 901. 1806
Anthistiria pilifera Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 400. 1854. Type: “Hrbr. Goering sect II nr. 145. A. arguens Morit et Zolling Verz. p. 99 nr. 373.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar [China].
Habit. Annual.
**1216. Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) Ridley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. Ser. 2. 3: 401. 1893 **
Anthistiria arundinacea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 256. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal.”
Anthistiria gigantea Cav. ssp. arundinacea (Roxb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 674. 1889
Cymbopogon arundinaceus (Roxb.) Schultes, Mant. 2 (Schultes) 457. 1824
Anthistiria subsericans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 401. 1854. Type: India Orientali; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8774B
Themeda subsericans (Nees) Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 212. 1925
Anthistiria gigantea Cav. subvar. *subsericans *(Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 674. 1889
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1217. Themeda caudata (Nees) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 364. 1922 **
Anthistiria caudata Nees in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 245. 1838. Type: “Hab. Prope Macao et in vicinis insulis; G.H. Vachell no. 46”
Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. ssp. caudata (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 676. 1889, p.p.
Androscepia gigantea (Cav.) Brongn. var. armata Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 248. 1856. Type: “Hab. in insula Java; Zollinger (in sylvis p. Tjkoya n. 1029) et in India Orientali (Mirra Poonje: de Silva et W. Gomez: Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8774)”
Themeda longispatha (Hack.) Raizada & Jain, Indian Forester 80: 45. 1954
Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. var. longispatha Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 677. 1889. Type: “Terai ad pedes montium Himalaya (O. Kuntze in h. prope.).”
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1218. Themeda cymbaria Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 668. 1889 **
Anthistiria cymbaria Roxb., Hort. Beng. 6. 1814, p.p. (excl. basionym)
**Syntypes. **“India or. in montosis (Roxb.) Peninsula (Wight 1707, 175 [h. prop.] Maisur et Carnatic (Hook. f. Thoms.); Ceylon (Thwaites 3257, 3803).”
Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1219. Themeda hookeri (Griseb.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 425. 1920 **
Anthistiria hookeri Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 91. 1868. Type: “H. or Sikkim. 6000–9000 ft. (H. Androscep. No. 2), Khasya 5000 (H.)”
Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1220. Themeda huttonensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. new ser., 1(3): 96. 1938 **
Type. India: Naga Hills, near Laruri, on the bank of Nanteilek river; N.L. Bor s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Nagaland.
Habit. Perennial.
**1221. Themeda intermedia (Hack.) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. new ser., 1(3): 96. 1938 **
Themeda gigantea Hack. var. intermedia Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 675. 1889. Type: “In montium Khasia reg. trop. (Hook. f. et Thoms. sub Androscepia nr. 4).”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bhutan, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1222. Themeda laxa (Andersson) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 423. 1920 **
Anthistiria laxa Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 243. 1856. Type: “Hab. in Nepalia.” Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8775 (S).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1223. Themeda mooneyi Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 451. 1952 **
Type. India: Orissa, near Pottangi, Koraput District, alt. 4100 ft.; October 1950; H.F. Mooney 4064 (K).
Distribution. Odisha.
Habit. Perennial.
**1224. Themeda odishae Chorghe, K. Prasad, Prasanna & Y. V. Rao, Phytotaxa 245 (2): 183. 2016 **
Type. India, Orissa, Gajapati District, Mahendragiri Hills, 17th September 2014, Alok Chorghe & K. Prasad 4209 (BSID, CAL).
Distribution. Odisha.
Habit. Perennial.
**1225. Themeda palakkadensis Chorghe, K Prasad & Lakshmin., Taiwania 64(3): 231. 2019 **
Type. India, Kerala, Palakkad District, Elvai Malai, 12th November, 2016, *K. Prasad 8485 *(CAL, BSI).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1226. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891 var. **quadrivalvis
Andropogon quadrivalvis L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 1: 758. 1774, replaced synonym Andropogon nutans L. (1771), nom. illeg*.*, non L. (1753). Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.5 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000.
Anthistiria scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 253. 1820. Type: “A Native of Bengal.”
Themeda ciliata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 664. 1889, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Anthistiria ciliata L.f., Suppl. Pl. 113. 1782 (“1781”), nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Africa, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**1227. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze var. helferi (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 252. 1960 **
Themeda helferi Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 665. 1889. Type: Burma: Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal), Tenasserim; March 1862; J.W. Helfer 6809
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Records for Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani.
**1228. Themeda sabarimalayana Sreek. & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 29(1–4): 127. 1989 (“1987”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, on way to Sabarimala, alt. 1500 ft.; December 23, 1980; *P.V. Sreekumar 69433 *(CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1229. Themeda saxicola Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 452. 1952 **
Type. India: Orissa, Raisili Village, Koraput District, alt. 3200 ft.; October 25, 1950; H.F. Mooney 4241 (K).
Distribution. Odisha.
Habit. Perennial.
**1230. Themeda strigosa (Buch.- Ham. ex Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 423. 1920 **
Anthistiria strigosa Buch.- Ham. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 214. 1896. Type: India: Assam; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. Bihar, Monghyr; Herb Calcutta
**Distribution. **Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**1231. Themeda tremula (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 667. 1889 **
Anthistiria tremula Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 401. 1855. Type: Sri Lanka; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8765).
Androscepia tremula (Nees) Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 247. 1856
Themeda tremula (Nees) Hack. var. thwaitesii (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 198. 1956
Anthistiria thwaitesii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 215. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites s.n.
Anthistiria tremula Nees var. thwaitesii (Hook. f.) Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 250. 1900
Themeda thwaitesii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 424. 1920
Anthistiria tremula Nees var. brunnea Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 250. 1900. Syntypes: Abundant throughout the Island. Moragala; Trimen s.n. Madulsema; Pearson s.n.
Themeda tremula (Nees) Hack. var. brunnea (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 198. 1956
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1232. Themeda triandra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178. 1775 **
Anthistiria australis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 200. 1810. Type: Australia: “littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” Australia; R. Brown 6194 (BM).
Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(3): 420. 1919, in obs.
Anthistiria glauca Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 380. t. 254. 1799. Type: “Habitat in collibus arenosis prope Bone, Constantine et aliis locis.”
Anthistiria imberbis Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 11. 1783. Type: South Africa: Cape, Cape of Good Hope; Sparrmann s.n. (LD).
Themeda imberbis (Retz.) T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 993. 1908
Anthistiria paleacea Ball, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 734. 1878. Type: “In collibus et locis aridis raro, loco natali non indicto.”
Anthistiria punctata Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 448. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: Scholoda; October 3, 1837; G.H.W. Schimper Abyss., sect. I, 73 (P). Ethiopia: in monte Selleuda nec non in montibus probe Tecli, in provincia Sana, mensibus Augusto ad Octobrem; Schimper, pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. III, 1555 (P). Ethiopia: in locis montosis juxta Memsah; *Quartin Dillon s.n. *(P).
Stipa arguens Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 20. 1794, non L., 1762
Calamina imberbis sensu (Retz.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 810. 1817, non P. Beauv., 1812
Themeda forskalii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 659. 1889
Type. “Yemen in montibus ad Hadiyah”; 1763; Forsskål s.n. (C (destroyed)).
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1233. Themeda villosa (Poir.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 364. 1922 **
Anthistiria villosa Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 396. 1810. Type: “Cette plante a été recueillie a Java par Commerson (V.S. in herb Lam. & Desfont.).”
Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. ssp. villosa (Poir.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 675. 1889
Aristaria mutica Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 117. 1843. Type: Cited Anth. Gigantea Cav. (Wild. Sp. 4: 902, 7. Spreng vol.1.291.15)
Heterelytron scabrum Jungh., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 294. 1840. Type: Indonesia: Java “Per totam insulam locis apricis, siccis usque ad 2000 pedum altitudinem.”
Themeda gigantea sensu Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 336. 1931, non (Cav.) Hack., 1889
Anthistiria mutica sensu Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 401. 1854, non, Hassk., 1843
Androscepia mutica Andersson ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 217. 1896, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Thuarea Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 110. 1805 **
**Type. **Thuarea sarmentosa Pers.
**1234. Thuarea involuta (G. Forst.) Sm., Cycl. (Rees) 35(2): Thuarea [no. 3] [unpaginated]. 1817 **
Ischaemum involutum G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 73. 1786. Type: “Societatis insulae et passim intra tropicos.”
Ornithocephalochloa arenicola Kurz, J. Bot. 13: 332. t. 171. f. 1–18. 1875. Type: “Hab. in arenosis calcareis littorum ins. Katchall, frequens. – Gramen valde peculiare nullo generi inter Phalarideas arcte affine.”
Thuarea sarmentosa Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 110. 1805. Type: “Hab. in Madagascariae arenos.”
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Trilobachne Schenck ex Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 4. 1931 **
**Type. **Trilobachne cookei (Stapf) Schenck ex Henrard (Polytoca cookei Stapf).
**1235. Trilobachne cookei (Stapf) Schenck ex Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 4. 1931 **
Polytoca cookei Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2333. 1894. Type: “Hab. in sylvis insulae Salsetta Bombay. Jacquemont 706. Bombay Herb. Dalzell, ad Mahableshewar, Woodrow; October 1893; Concan Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. et Th. In concan meridionali in Canara septentrionali, Dr. Lisboa Comm. 1891.”
Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Tripidium H. Scholz in Willdenowia 36(2): 664. 2006 **
*Ripidium *Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 169. 1820, non Bernh. (1800).
**Type. **Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz. (Andropogon ravennae L).
**1236. Tripidium arundinaceum (Retz.) Welker, Voronts. & E.A. Kellogg, Taxon 68 (2): 255. 2019 **
Saccharum arundinaceum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 14. 1786–1787. Type: “Colitur juxta sepes et ad stagnorum margines prope Tranquebar, alibi rarius. Inde misit honor. Koenig. “
Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 33: 399. 1925
Saccharum procerum sensu Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 106. 1885, non Roxb., 1820
Saccharum arundinaceum var. trichophyllum (Hand.-Mazz.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Novon 15(3): 469–470. 2005. [This combination is not made here.]
Erianthus griffithii var. trichophyllus Hand.-Mazz., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 58: 154. 1921
Erianthus trichophyllus (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 62: 254. 1926
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Welker et al. (2019) suggest that Saccharum arundinaceum var. trichophyllum probably belongs in Tripidium, but have chosen not to make the combination in Tripidium pending additional data. The variety is placed here provisionally.
**1237. Tripidium bengalense (Retz.) H. Scholz, Willdenowia 36(2): 664. 2006 **
Saccharum bengalense Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 16. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Habitat Bengaliae, unde benevole communicavit cel. Koening.”
Saccharum ciliare T. Anderson, Ofvers. Forh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 155. 1855. Type: India: Madhya Pradesh?, Balapur; Hugel 877 (W).
Erianthus ciliaris (T. Anderson) Jeswiet, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 33: 399. 1925
Saccharum munja Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 250. 1820. Type: India: “A native of the countries about Benares, Botanical Gardern, Calcutta.”
Erianthus munja (Roxb.) Jeswiet, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 33: 399. 1925
Saccharum sara Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 249. 1820. Type: India: “found in the vicinity of Calcutta but rather rare.”
Erianthus sara (Roxb.) Rumke, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie Meded. 2: 223. t. 2. 1934
Saccharum arundinaceum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 119–120. 1896, p.p., non Retz., 1786
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1238. Tripidium procerum (Roxb.) Welker, Voronts. & E.A. Kellogg, Taxon 68(2): 2019 **
Saccharum procerum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 248. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal.”
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1239. Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz, Willdenowia 36(2): 664. 2006 **
Andropogon ravennae L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1481. 1763. Lectotype: “Habitat in Italia.” Herb. Linn. -77.4. LT designated by S. Cafferty, C.E. Jarvis & N.J. Turland. Taxon 49(2): 246. 2000
Saccharum ravennae (L.) L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 88. 1774
Erianthus ravennae (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 14. 162. 1812
Ripidium ravennae (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 169. 1820. Type: “Habitat [in Italia.]” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 77.4 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000.
Erianthus elephantinus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 122. 1896. Syntypes: India: Assam; Griffith s.n.(K). India: Assam;* Simonds s.n.*(K).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**Triplopogon Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 52. 1954 **
**Type. **Triplopogon spathiflorus (Hook. f.) Bor (Ischaemum spathiflorum Hook. f.).
**1240. Triplopogon ramosissimus (Hack.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 501. 1954 **
Ischaemum ramosissimum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 249. 1889. Type: “Asia (Hugel in h. vind, no 1977, sine dubio ex Ind. or.)” India: Bombay; Jacquemont 797 (K).
Ischaemum spathiflorum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 138. 1896. Type: India: Bombay, Hills of Salsette Island; Jacquemont no. 797
Sehima spathiflora (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 23. 1927 (as “spathiflorum”)
Triplopogon spathiflorus (Hook. f.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 54. 1954
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**Tripsacum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759 **
**Lectotype. **Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Coix dactyloides L.). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 124. 1908.
**1241. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759 **
Coix dactyloides L., Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. Type: “Habitat in America.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1097.1 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 124. 1908.
Coix angulata Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Coix no. 2.
Dactylodes angulatum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 773. 1891
Ischaemum glabrum Walter, Fl. Carol. 249. 1788. Type: USA: South Carolina, No precise locality cited.
Tripsacum monostachyum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 202. 1805. Type: “Habitat in Carolina meridionali.”
Distribution. India [also in Europe, North America]. Native to Central and North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. Likely known only in cultivation.
**1242. Tripsacum laxum Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 81. 1909 **
Tripsacum fasciculatum Trin. ex Asch., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 17:79, adnot. 1875, non (L.) Raspail, 1825. Lectotype: Mexico: Veracruz, Hacienda de la Laguna; 1836; C.J.W. Schiede 947; ILT: US-727179 (fragm. ex LE-TRIN)). LT designated by de Wet et al. Phytologia 33: 208. 1976.
Type. Southern Mexico: ‘Hacienda de la Laguna, Mexico.’
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [also in North America, South America]. Native to the Americas, introduced into India.
Habit. Perennial.
**Vossia Wall. & Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 572. 1836, nom. cons. **
**Type. Vossia procera Wall. & Griff., nom. illeg. (Ischaemum cuspidatum Roxb., Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.).
**1243. Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 70, Index 12. 1851 (as “cuspidatum”) **
Ischaemum cuspidatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 325. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal, where it is found floating on pools of sweet water and blossoming about the close of the rains in October.”
Vossia procera Wall. & Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 573. 1836, nom. illeg. superfl.
Distribution. Assam, West Bengal [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**Zea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753 **
**Type. **Zea mays L.
**1244. Zea mays L., Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753 ssp. **mays
Mays zea Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 6, t. 1. 1789
Zea erythrolepis Bonaf., Hist. Nat. Mais 30. t. 5. 1836. Type: “Le Mais a farle rouge cultive sur les rives du Missouri.”
Zea hirta Bonaf., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 17: 158. 1829
Zea saccharata Sturtev., New York Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 156. 1885. Type: Group name for “Sweet corns.”
Zea segetalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 28. 1796, nom. superf. & illeg.
Mays americana Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 281. 1816, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Mayzea cerealis Raf., Med. Fl. 2: 241. 1830, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Zea mays
Type. “Habitat in America.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1096.1 (LINN). LT designated by Iltis & Doebley in Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1001. 1980.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated; derived from species native to Mexico.
Habit. Annual.
Subfamily Danthonioideae N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2001
Danthonioideae includes 281 species described in the monograph by Linder et al. (2010). As such it is the only grass subfamily to have a complete species-level revision based on up-to-date phylogenetic data. The subfamily has no obvious morphological synapomorphy, although Verboom et al. (1994) have suggested that haustorial synergids may be universally shared and uniquely derived. However, this character is difficult to observe and has only been recorded for a subset of the genera. None of the species has any particular economic importance.
Taxonomic editor H. Peter Linder, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
**Cortaderia Stapf, Gard. Chron. ser. 3., 22: 378. 1897, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. (Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult. f.).
**1245. Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 325. 1900 **
Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. i Mant. cl. iii: 605. 1827. Type: Brazil: Monte Video; F. Sellow 316 (B).
Gynerium argenteum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 462. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Sebastianopolin et in provincia S. Pauli”; *Martius s.n. *(B). Uruguay: ad Monte-Video; Sellow 570 (B).
Cortaderia argentea (Nees) Stapf, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 22: 396. 1897
Cortaderia dioica Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 2, 7: 194. 1902
Arundo dioeca Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 361. 1824 (“1825”), non *A. dioica *Lour., 1790. Type. “Monte Video. Sello [s.n., s.d.].”
Distribution. Tamil Nadu; cultivated [China]. Native to South America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. It is unclear whether this species is naturalized anywhere in India. Taxonomic editor Linder comments that Cortaderia dioica and Arundo dioeca are both based on the same type as Arundo selloana.
**Schismus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 73. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Schismus marginatus P. Beauv., nom. illeg. (Festuca calycina Loefl., Schismus calycinus (Loefl.) K. Koch). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 1075. 1874.
**1246. Schismus arabicus Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 422. 1841 **
Schismus marginatus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 336. 1896, non P. Beauv., 1812
Type. Egypt: Chabba, “In valle Hamme Arabiae pereaeae; March 21, 1835; Schimper 391 (W).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladak [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**1247. Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell., Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2. 7: 391. 1907 **
Festuca barbata L., Demonstr. Pl. 3. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.26 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 250. 2000.
Festuca calycina Loefl., Iter. Hisp. 116. 1758. Type: Not given.
Schismus calycinus (Loefl.) K. Koch, Linnaea 21(3): 397. 1848
Schismus brevifolius Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 422. 1841. Type: South Africa: “In monte ad Bokpoort”, alt. 4500 ft.; Drège s.n. (BM).
Schismus fasciculatus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 74. t. 15. f. 4. 177. 1812. Type: “Plante communiqué par M. Persoon et M. Balbis.”
Distribution. Northwest India; specific states not recorded [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Tenaxia N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 350. 2010 **
**Type. **Tenaxia stricta (Schrad.) N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder (Danthonia stricta Schrad.).
**1248. Tenaxia cachemyriana (Jaub. & Spach) N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 352. 2010 **
Danthonia cachemyriana Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 46. t. 331. 1851. Type: India: Kashmir [“Cachemyriani”]; August, 1831; *Jacquemont s.n. *(P).
Danthonia exilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 281. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, Tilail and Bargil, alt. 9000–11000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 30684 (K). Gurail, alt. 8000–9000 ft.; Duthie 12591 (K).
Danthonia schneideri Pilg. var. minor (Hook. f.) Karthik. in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 204. 1989
Danthonia cachemyriana Jaub. & Spach var. *minor *Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 282. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Yeumting, 12000 ft.; September 2, 1849; Danthonia 2 Herb. R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom (K).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1249. Tenaxia cumminsii (Hook.f.) N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 352. 2010 **
Danthonia cumminsii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 282. 1896. Type: Bhutan: Guatong in the Sikkim frontier, alt. 12000 ft.; Cummins s.n. (K).
Danthonia schneideri Pilg., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 131. 1921. Type: China: Yunan, Lichiang, alt. 13000 ft.; September, 1914; C. Schneider 2342 (B).
Danthonia jacquemontii Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 80–81. 1952, nom. invalid
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Subfamily Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833
Plants annual or perennial, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or caespitose. Leaves, inflorescences, and spikelets variable, with no obvious shared morphological character. Glumes 2, disarticulation above the glumes.
Chloridoideae includes over 1700 species, of which all but two (the southern African Ellisochloa papposa and E. rangei) exhibiting C4 photosynthesis and associated radiate chlorenchyma in the leaves (Peterson et al. 2011). Many chloridoids have characteristic microhairs in which the apical cell is enlarged and bulbous (VandenBorre and Watson 1997). Although the subfamily is definitely monophyletic, it is unclear which morphological characters are synapomorphic (Kellogg 2015b). Members of the subfamily are among the most drought-tolerant of the grasses, and a few (e.g. Oropetium spp., Sporobolus stapfianus) are so-called resurrection plants, which are able to dry out almost completely and then resume photosynthesis upon rewatering (VanBuren et al. 2015; Yobi et al. 2017). The subfamily includes few crop species, but Eragrostis tef (tef) and Eleusine coracana (finger millet) are particularly important in parts of Africa where productivity is critical in the face of drought. A set of phylogenetic studies by Peterson and colleagues (Peterson et al. 2007, 2010a, 2010b, 2011, 2012, 2014a; 2014b, 2015; 2016; Snow and Peterson 2012a, 2012b) has provided considerable insight into the phylogeny and generic limits in this subfamily.
Taxonomic editor Paul M. Peterson, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Incertae sedis
**Indopoa Bor, Kew Bull. 1958: 225. 1958 **
**Type. **Indopoa paupercula (Stapf) Bor ex Ramamoorthy (Tripogon pauperculus Stapf).
**1250. Indopoa paupercula (Stapf) Bor ex Ramamoorthy, Fl. Hassan Dist. [Saldanha & Nicolson] 735. 1976 **
Tripogon pauperculus Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2442. 1896. Type: India: Bombay, Western Ghats; September 20, 1895; G.M. Woodrow s.n. (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks.Soreng et al. (2017) place this taxon in Chloridoideae, incertae sedis.
**Myriostachya (Benth.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7: 327. 1896 **
Eragrostis sect. Myriostachya Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 117. 1881
**Type. **Myriostachya wightiana (Nees) Hook. f. (Leptochloa wightiana Nees ex Steud.).
**1251. Myriostachya wightiana (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 327. 1896 **
Leptochloa wightiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 209. 1854. Type: India; Wight s.n. as Dineba verticillata
Eragrostis wightiana (Nees) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 117. 1881
Myriostachya wightiana (Nees) Hook. f. var. longispicula Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 328. 1896. Syntypes: MalayPenang; Curtis s.n. Sri Lanka: Kottiyar; Trimen s.n.
Myriostachya longispicula (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 66. 1956
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Soreng et al. (2017) place this taxon in Chloridoideae incertae sedis.
**Silentvalleya V.J. Nair, Sreek., Vajr. & Bhargavan, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 654. 1983 (“1982”) **
**Type. **Silentvalleya nairii V.J. Nair, Sreek., Vajr. & Bhargavan.
**1252. Silentvalleya chandwadensis, Gosavi, B.R. Pawar & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 67(3): 545. 2012 **
Type. India, Maharashtra, Nasik, Chandwad Ghat, 20°20'41.08"N, 74°15'01.07"E, 770 m alt., 10 Oct. 2010, SUK-2997.
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**1253. Silentvalleya nairii V. J. Nair, Sreek., Vajr. & Bhargavan, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 654–657. f. 1. 1983 (“1982”) **
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Remarks. **Soreng et al. (2017) place this taxon in Chloridoideae incertae sedis.
Tribe Centropodieae P.M. Peterson, N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2011
Plants perennial, caespitose or rhizomatous. Lemma with 9 veins, with hairs tufted, in a transverse row, the apex with two deep lobes, awned from the sinus, the awn straight or geniculate.
**Centropodia (R. Br.) Rchb., Consp. Regn. Veg. 212a. 1828 **
**Lectotype. **Centropodia forskaolii (Vahl) Cope (“forskalii”) (*Avena forskaolii *Vahl (“forskålei”)).
**1254. Centropodia forskaolii (Vahl) Cope, Kew Bull. 37(4): 658. 1983 (“forskalii”) **
Avena forskaolii Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 25. 1791 (“forskålei”)
Asthenatherum forskaolii (Vahl) Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 8. 1934
Avena pensylvanica Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 23. 1775, non L., 1753. Type: “In desertis Kahirinis”; Forsskal s.n. (C).
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Triraphideae P.M. Peterson, 2010
Plants annual or perennial. Leaves with the ligule a fringe of hairs. Lemmas with pubescence on the lateral veins.
**Neyraudia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7: 305. 1896 **
**Type. Neyraudia madagascariensis Hook. f., nom. illeg. (Arundo madagascariensis Kunth, nom. illeg.; Donax thuarii P. Beauv.).
**1255. Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 8. 1929, in obs. **
Aristida arundinacea L., Mant. Pl. Altera 186. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: *Herb. Linn. No. 98.8 *(LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 133. 1970.
Arundo madagascariensis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 273. t. 48. 1830. Type: “Crescit in Madagascaria.”
Neyraudia madagascariensis (Kunth) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 305. 1896
Distribution. Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1256. Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 21(3): 131. 1934 **
Arundo reynaudiana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 275. t. 49. 1830. Type: “Crescit in Pegu. Legit cel Reynaud.”
Arundo zollingeri Buse, Pl. Jungh. 343. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 337, 380 (P).
Neyraudia madagascariensis (Kunth) Hook. f. var. zollingeri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 305. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, Assam, Bengal, Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Tenasserim, Penang
Phragmites zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 196. 1854. Type: Java; Zollinger 337
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
**Habit. **Perennial.
Tribe Eragrostideae Stapf, 1898
Plants annual or perennial, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or caespitose. Ligule generally a fringe of hairs but sometimes membranous. Spikelets with 1 to many flowers, the callus often pubescent. Lemma generally glabrous, with 3 veins, although up to 13 veins in a few species, the apex generally entire but occasionally mucronate or awned.
**Enneapogon Desv. ex P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 81, 161. 1812 **
**Lectotype. **Enneapogon desvauxii Desv. ex P. Beauv. LT designated by Hitchcock in U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 772: 83. 1920.
**1257. Enneapogon cenchroides (Licht.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 119. 1934 **
Pappophorum cenchroides Licht., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 616. 1817. Type: “Habit in terra coranarum inter Haigarieb et Leeuwenkuil.” South Africa: near Vaal Rivier;* Lichtenstein s.n. *(B).
Enneapogon mollis Lehm., Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3: 40. 1831. Type: “Habitat in Promontorio Bonae Spei, in terrae tractu, qui vocatur Beaufort” South Africa; Ecklon s.n.
Pappophorum robustum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 302. 1896. Type: India: Upper Gangetic plain, Hissar; Drummond 3004, 3007 (K).
Distribution. Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Tufted annual, occasionally with a few perennating shoots at the base.
**1258. Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 82. t. 16 f. 11. 1812 **
Pappophorum brachystachyum Jaub. & Spach, Fl. Ill. pl. orient. 4:34, t. 324. 1851; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 3. 14: 365. 1851 (“1850”)
Enneapogon brachystachyus (Jaub. & Spach) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 654–655. 1900
**Lectotype. **P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. t. 16. f. 11. 1812. LT designated (as type) by Ali Chaudahry, Grass. Saudi Arabia 221. 1989.
Distribution. Rajasthan [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**1259. Enneapogon persicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(5): 71. 1844 **
Pappophorum persicum (Boiss.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 200. 1854
Pappophorum aucheri Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 32. t. 323. 1851. Type: Persia; Aucher-Eloy 5440 (error for 5430? vide Kew Bull. 22: 400. 1968) (P).
Pappophorum turcomanicum Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 27. 1871. Type: “Ind Turcomania, prope Krasnowodsk (Radde).” Russia: Turkmenistan; Radde s.n.
Pappophorum schimperianum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 403. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in collibus siccis prope Adoua, mense Septembre (Schmper).” Ehiopia: Adoua; Schimper 323 (K).
Enneapogon schimperanus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Renvoize, Kew Bull. 22: 400. 1968
Pappophorum elegans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 199. 1854
Enneapogon elegans (Nees) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 224. 1907
Type. Persia; Aucher-Eloy 5430 (P).
Distribution. Rajasthan [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Eragrostis Wolf, Gen. Pl. (Wolf) 23. 1776 **
**Lectotype. **Eragrostis minor Host (Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 15. 1809) (Poa eragrostis L.). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 1226. 1874–1875.
Notes. Taxonomic editors for Eragrostis: Amanda Ingram, Wabash College; P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna and Alok R. Chorghe.
**1260. Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 408. 1841 **
Poa aspera Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 32, t. 56. 1777. Type: India: “Cultivated in Europe with seed from India.” (W).
Poa paniculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 341. 1820. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n.
Eragrostis paniculata (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854
Eragrostis laxiflora Schrad., Linnaea 12: 451. 1838, nom. nud. Type: *Drege 4285 *(LE).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Malayasia, Sri Lanka, Africa].
**Habit. **Caespitose annual.
**1261. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 562. 1840 **
Poa atrovirens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 73. t. 14. 1798. Type: Algeria: Barbaria, “in arvis incultis prope La Calle”; *Desfontaines 160 *(FI).
Poa biformis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 471. t. 149. 1831. Type: “Crescit in Senegambia.”
Eragrostis biformis (Kunth) Benth., Niger Fl. 568. 1849
Eragrostis bromoides Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5(3–4): 190. 1924, non (Vahl) Steud., 1854. Type: Africa: Sudan Central, “In paludibus flum. Bailli”; Chevalier no. 8588
Eragrostis atroviridis Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28(6): 385. 1937, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Poa atrovirens
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**1262. Eragrostis burmanica Bor, Kew Bull. 6(2): 166. 1951 **
Type. Myanmar: Prome District, 20 July 1948, U. Thein Lwin 582 (K)
**Distribution. **Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1263. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch., Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5(9): 110. 1907 **
Poa cilianensis All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 246, t. 91, f. 2. 1785. Type: “In agro patrio Ciliani legit Cl. Bellardi.” Lectotype: Italy: Ciliani; *Bellardi s.n. *(TO-8242 (photo, K)). LT designated by Vignolo, Malpighia 18: 380. 1904.
Briza eragrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi ad agrorum versuras.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 10 (UPS). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 232. 1974.
Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) MacMill., Metasp. Minnesota Valley 75. 1892, nom. invalid.
Megastachya eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 584. 1817
Eragrostis costata F. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 91. 1905. Type: Australia: New South Wales, Breeza Plains, Werris Creek, Namoi River and near Tomworth; Fred Turner s.n.
Eragrostis flexuosa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854. Type: India; Roxburgh Icon. 341
Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 187. 1827
Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link var. cilianensis (All.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 371. 1900 [This combination is not made here.]
Eragrostis minor Host var. major Beck, Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 1: 88. 1890
Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. var. megastachya A. Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 2. 563. 1856
Eragrostis minor Host var. megastachya (A. Gray) Burtt Davy, Fl. W. Calif. 60. 1901
Eragrostis polymorpha Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 575. 1817
Eragrostis schweinfurthiana Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 194. 1924. Type: “Orae nubicae, in montibus Ssoturba, Gebel Schettoi; Schweinfurth 1492”
Eragrostis starosselskyi Grossh., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 18. 1923. Syntypes: TranscaucPr. Tiflis; July 20, 1921; Karajazy s.n. July 20, 1922; V. Starosselsky s.n. Turkestania: Buchara; N. Troitzky s.n.
Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ. var. megastachya Coss. & Germ., Fl. Env. Paris 2: 641. 1845
Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ. ssp. major Rouy, Fl. France (Rouy) 14: 262. 1913
Eragrostis major Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 14. t. 24. 1809
Erosion ciliare Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 221. 1915. Type: Based on Poa cilianensis All.
Megastachya oblonga (Moench) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 167, 175. 1812
Poa cachectica Schumach., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. 3: 86. 1827. Type: Guinea; Thonning s.n.
Poa eragrostis (L.) Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 103. 1804, non L., 1753
Poa roxburghiana Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 314. 1824. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n.
Poa tortuosa Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 345. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis
Poa flexuosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 340. 1820, non Sm., 1800
Poa megastachya Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 181. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Briza**eragrostis
Poa oblonga Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 238. 1817, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Briza**eragrostis
Poa polymorpha J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 194. 1803, non Wibel, 1799
Briza oblonga Moench, Methodus (Moench) 185. 1794, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Briza eragrostis
Eragrostis articulata De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 6: 58. t. 2. 1919, non (Schrank) Nees, 1829
Briza megastachya Hort. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 585. 1817, in syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Naturalized; native to Europe.
Habit. Annual.
**1264. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br., Observ. Congo 59. 1818; in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire 478. 1818 var. **ciliaris
Poa ciliaris L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 875. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Jamaica.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 102. 1762” Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 87.66 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 121. 1908.
Cynodon ciliaris (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302. 1825
Megastachya ciliaris (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 167, 174. 1812
Poa boryana Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 109. 1809. Type: “Habitat in insula Borboniae et Mauritii; Bory do St. Vincent.”
Eragrostis boryana (Willd.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 562. 1840
Megastachya boryana (Willd.) Roem. & Schult, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 592. 1817.
Poa lepida A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 424. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad Pagum Ailet in Provincia Medat, mense Martio (Schimper).
Eragrostis lepida (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269. 1854.
Eragrostis pulchella Parl., Atti Congr. Sci. Ital. 8: 586. 1846. Type: “Hab. in insula S. jacobi, valle S. doninici (J.D. Hooker no. 81, November, 1839).”
Poa amboinica L., Mant. Pl. 557. 1771. Type: Habitat in India.
Eragrostis lobata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 396. 1830, nom superfl. & illeg. for Poa cylindrica Roxb. Type: Africa: Mauritius Island, “V spp. Guin, Ins. Franc.”
Eragrostis villosa Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 137. 1820, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Poa ciliaris L.
Eragrostis ciliaris sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 314. 1896 var. ciliaris, non (L) Link, 1827
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China].
Habit. Annual.
**1265. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var. brachystachya Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 582. 1884 **
Type. “Hab. in arenosis littoris Egyptiaco-Arabici inter Kosseir et Ras Benass; Schv. 1091. Belutschia; J.E. Stocks s.n.
Distribution. Punjab, Rajasthan [Egypt].
Habit. Annual.
**1266. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var. clarkei Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896 **
Distribution. Delhi, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Peterson questioned which characters are used to recognize this taxon.
**1267. Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 512. 1829, in obs. (as “Eragrostin ciliatam”) [No reference to basionym] **
Poa ciliata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 336. 1820. Type: Generally found in poor dry soil.
Megastachya rupestris Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 592. 1817. Type: India orientalis; B. Heyne s.n.
Eragrostis rupestris (Roem. & Schult.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 265. 1854
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1268. Eragrostis coarctata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 313. 1896 **
Type. India: Upper Gangetic Plain, Moradabad; Thomson s.n. Sikkim, Behar, Chittagong, Arracan and Myanmar. Central Provinces & Chota Nagpore; Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1269. Eragrostis collinensis Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V.J. Nair, Indian J. Forest. 36(3): 401. 2013 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Avalanche, 1925 m 14 October 1972, K. Vivekanandan 42951 (holo: CAL; iso: MH).
Distribution. Kerala and Tamil Nadu*.*
Habit. Annual.
**1270. Eragrostis cumingii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854 **
Eragrostis distans Hack., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 81. 1906 (“1905”). Type: Philippines: Kias, Benguet, Luzon; June, 1904; Elmer 6608
Type. Philippines; Cuming Herb. no. 672 & 1104.
Distribution. Kerala [China, Myanmar]. Naturalized; native to Australia.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record from Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**1271. Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 397. 1841 **
Poa curvula Schrad., Gött. Gel. Anz. 3: 2073. 1821. Type: South Africa: Cape Province, Cape of Good Hope; Hesse s.n. in Herb. Trinius 2327.1 (2327.3?) (holo PH?; LE, iso, microfiche IDC BT-16/1).
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized; native to southern Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**1272. Eragrostis deccanensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 507. 1960 **
Eragrostis phleoides Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 313. 1896, non Hillebr., 1888
Eragrostis spicata (Heyne ex Stapf) Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 185. 1924, non Vasey, 1891
Type. India: Madras; Narayanaswami 3027. Madras; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5015.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1273. Eragrostis diplachnoides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854 **
Eragrostis interrupta P. Beauv. var. diplachnoides (Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 316. 1896
**Type. **Egypt: Nubia; Hochstetter Herb. no. 346.
Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Bangladesh, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1274. Eragrostis ferruginea (Thunb.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 71, 162, 174. 1812 **
Poa ferruginea Thunb., in J. A. Murray, Syst. veg. ed. 14: 114. 1784. Type: Japan; Thunberg s.n. (UPS).
Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1275. Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854 **
Poa gangetica Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 341. 1820. Type: India: on the banks of the Ganges; Roxburgh s.n.
Eragrostis stenophylla Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 39. 1851, p.p. Type: India: Mangalor; Metz no. 664
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1276. Eragrostis henryi Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V.J. Nair, Nelumbo 54: 10. 2012. **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Near Anjugramam, 25 m a.m.s.l., 27 March 1979, A. N. Henry 6156 (holotype CAL, isotypes: MH.
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu (Kanyakumari).
Habit. Not reported.
**1277. Eragrostis jainii Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V. J. Nair in Nelumbo55: 1. 2013. **
Type. India: Kerala, Kannur District, Manjeshwar, 100 m, 13 October 1979, R. Ansari 64888 (holotype: CAL, isotype: MH).
Distribution. Kerala and Karnataka.
Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial.
**1278. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 405. 1830 **
Poa japonica Thunb., in J. A. Murray, Syst. veg. ed. 14: 114. 1784. Type: Japan: Kosido, near Nagasaki; *Thunberg s.n. *(UPS).
Poa diarrhena Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. i Mant. cl. iii: 616. 1827. Type: ‘Mant. II. p. 315. n. 100 a.’ ‘In Bengalia’.
Eragrostis diarrhena (Schult. & Schult. f) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854. Type: India: Bengal
Eragrostis interrupta P. Beauv. var. tenuissima Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 316. 1896
Poa tenellula Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 113. 1829. Type: India orientalis.
Eragrostis tenellula (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 279. 1854
Poa tenella sensu R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 181. 1810, non L., 1753
Eragrostis tenuissima Schrad. ex Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 409. 1841, nom. nud.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial.
**1279. Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 402. 1841 var. **lehmanniana
**Type. **“Ad rupes nudas prope Slengerfontein in collibus ad Nieuwe Hantom, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; Feb; Drège s.n.”.
Distribution. India; states not recorded [also in Africa, Mexico]. Introduced but not truly naturalized; native to southern Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**1280. Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees var. chaunantha (Pilg.) de Winter, Grass. Pastures South Africa 147. 1955 **
Eragrostis chaunantha Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 84. 1907. Type: Africa: Kalahari “Zwischen Kokong und Kang”; December 1904; Schultze 290
Distribution. India; states not recorded [also in Africa]. Introduced but not truly naturalized; native to southern Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**1281. Eragrostis macilenta (A. Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854 **
Poa macilenta A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 428. 1850–1851. Type: Abyssinie: Trigre, Adua; Quartin-Dillon et Petit s.n. (P).
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu [also in the Middle East, Africa].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record from Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1282. Eragrostis maderaspatana Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 509. 1960 **
Eragrostis willdenoviana Nees ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 322. 1896, non Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 252. 1838. Syntypes: India: Mysore; Rottler s.n., Heyne s.n. Dindygul; Wight s.n. Sri Lanka; Trincomalee; Glemie Ceylon Plant 3944
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1283. Eragrostis minor Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 15. 1809) (as “Eragrostin minorem”) **
Poa eragrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Italia supra muros. D. Baeck.” Lectotype: Baeck 7, Herb. Linn. No. 87.23 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 234. 1974.
Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 162 1812, nom. nud.
Eragrostis multiflora (Roxb.) Trin. var. *pappiana *Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(1): 65. 1903. Syntypes: Africa: Ethiopia, Samhar, Saati; March 8, 1892; Terracciano & Pappi 2868, 2869 (P). Emberemi; March 28, 1892; Pappi nn. 1190 & 1566
Eragrostis pappiana (Chiov.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 371. 1908
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Naturalized; native to Europe.
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Records from Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**1284. Eragrostis multicaulis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 426. 1854 **
Eragrostis damiensiana (Bonnet) Thell., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 323. 1928
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. damiensiana Bonnet, Naturaliste 3: 412. 1881. Type: “France: Paris: dans la cour du ministere de la Guerre”; M. Damiens s.n.
Eragrostis peregrina Wiegand, Rhodora 19: 95. 1917, nom. & stat. nov.
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. condensata Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 7: 13. 1902 (“1901”). Type: Germany: Karlsurhe, Baden-Wurttemberg, alt. 400 ft.; July 17, 1900; *A. Kneucker no. 115 *(BAA-1072).
Glyceria airoides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 287, 426. 1854, non (Koeler) Rchb., 1829 [Name emended]
Lectotype. Japan; Burger s.n. (L-908.97-2116). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 47(1): 181. 2002.
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [China].
Habit. Annual.
**1285. Eragrostis nigra Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 267. 1854 **
Eragrostis atropurpurea Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 267. 1854. Type: India; R. F. Hohenacker Herb. no. 938
Eragrostis paniculata sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 373. 1864, non (Roxb.) Steud., 1854
Type. Peninsular India.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1286. Eragrostis nilgiriensis Vivek., Murthy & V.J. Nair, Nordic Journal of Botany 31(6): 700. 2013 **
Type. India. Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri district, Coonoor (10o20’37.13” N, 76o47’40.98” E) 1700 m asl., 22 Oct 2011, C. P Vivek 126153 (CAL). Isotypes: MH.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Not recorded.
**1287. Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 563. 1840 **
Poa nutans Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 19. 1786–1787. Type: “E Tranquebaria misit cel Koenig, ubi ad margines agrorum et in agris oryza ceis minus submerses sat frequens esse scripsit.” India: Tranquebaria; *Koenig s.n. *(BM).
Poa chariis Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 314. 1824. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n.
Eragrostis chariis (Schult.) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 193. 1931
Poa elegantula Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 114. 1829
Eragrostis elegantula (Kunth) Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 266. 1854
Eragrostis stenophylla sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 318. 1896, p.p., non Hochst. Ex Miq., 1851
Poa elegans Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 339. 1820, non Poir., 1804
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1288. Eragrostis paniciformis (A. Braun) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854. **
*Poa paniciformis *A. Braun, Flora 24: 274, 1841. Type: Ethiopia: 1841, A. Braun s. n. (lectotype K).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1289. Eragrostis papposa (Roem. & Schult.) Duf. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 564. 1840 **
Megastachya papposa Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 585. 1817. Type: “In monte Saguntino regni Valentiae Confer Scheuchz. Gram p. 192. Dufour.” Spain: Sagunto; *Dufour s.n. *(NTM).
Eragrostis speirostachya Coss. & Dur., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 47. 1860. Type: not given.
Poa papposa Duf. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 585. 1817, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Eragrostis verticillata sensu Coss. ex Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 370. 1900, non (Cav.) P. Beauv., 1812
Eragrostis rigidifolia Hochst. ex Engl., Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891: 134. 1892, nom. nud.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Annual to short lived-perennial.
**1290. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 175. 1812 **
Poa pilosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Italia.” Lectotype = “Gramen paniculis elegantissimis, majus, locustis purpureo-spadiceis, minoribus” in Scheuchzer, Agrostographia, 193. t. 4. f. 3. 1719. LT designated by Du Puy et al. in George et al. (ed.), Fl. Australia 50: 472. 1992. Epitype: Italy. an Wegen zwischen den Reisfeldern von Oldenico unweit Vercelli in Oberitalien; August 1–10, 1902; A. Kneucker, Gram. Exsicc. XII, No. 344 (B). Epitype designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 256. 2000.
Eragrostis filiformis Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 191. 1827. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.”
Poa linkii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 113. 1829
Eragrostis linkii (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 273–274. 1854
Eragrostis tenuiflora Rupr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854. Type: “Sennaar Nubiae. Hrbr. Fl. aeth. Kotsch nr. 185”
Poa senegalensis Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 100. 1831, Hort.Par. ex Desf., 1829 (vide IPNI). Type: “Habitat in Africa.”
Eragrostis senegalensis sensu Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14: 120. 1934, non Nees, 1834
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1291. Eragrostis plana Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 390. 1841 **
Type. “Ad flumen prope Kachu et Zandplaat alt. 1500 ft., inter Geckau et Basche alt. 1500–2000.” Drege s.n.
**Distribution. **India [China]. Naturalized; native to southern Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking.
**1292. Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 512. 1829 **
Poa riparia Willd., Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 185. 1803. Type: India: Madras
Megastachya riparia (Willd.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 593. 1817
Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. riparia (Willd.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896
Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link var. maritima Thwaites ex Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 109. 1885, nom. nud. (cited C.P. 3944 only)
Poa amboinica sensu Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787, non L., 1771
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial.
**1293. Eragrostis robusta Stent, Bothalia 2(1b): 288. 1927 **
Eragrostis valida Stent, Bothalia 1(3): 172. 1923, non Pilg., 1916. Type: Maritzburg: Natal, Angus 2 (Govt. Herb. 13862)
Type. ‘The Maritzburg, Natal Angus 2’ (Govt. Herb. 13862.).
Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Naturalized; native to southern Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking. Taxonomic editor Ingram notes that this taxon is not included by Clayton et al. (2006 onwards), suggesting that it should probably be placed in synonymy.
**1294. Eragrostis rottleri Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 321. 1896 **
Syntypes. The Carnatio, Tranquebar; Heyne s.n., Rottler s.n. as Poa pauciflora & Eragrostis**viscosa; Wight s.n.
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1295. Eragrostis santapaui K.G. Bhat & Nagendran, Reinwardtia 10(2): 127, f. 1. 1985 **
**Type. **India: Karnataka State, Coorg District, Mercara, growing in moist soil; December 18, 1980; K.G. Bhat 794 A (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka.
**Habit. **Annual.
**1296. Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8(3): 368–369. 1908 var. **schweinfurthii
Syntypes. Eritrea: Ocule Cusai, bosco dell’Assare presso Halai, alt. 8000 ft.; September 30, 1902; *Pappi 1961 *(FT). Eritrea: gruppo dei monti Soyrá, mt. Mamahot verso il torrente Arigot, 8500–9200 ft.; August 23,1902; Pappi 1245.
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial.
**1297. Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov. var. kiwuensis (Jedwabn.) S. M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 42(4): 930. 1987 **
Eragrostis kiwuensis Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 206. 1924. Type: “Africa orientalis tropi., Kiwu, ad Karisimbi”; Mildbraed 1784
Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in the Middle East, Africa].
Habit. Not reported.
**1298. Eragrostis subsecunda (Lam.) E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 118. 1886 **
Poa subsecunda Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 184. 1791. Type: China.
Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1299. Eragrostis superba Peyr., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 38: 584. 1860 **
Type. Africa: Angola, “in locis umbrosis prope Benguela ac Loanda”; H. Wawra 244 (W).
**Distribution. **Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Naturalized; native to tropical Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**1300. Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1918(1): 62. 1918, in obs. **
Poa tef Zucc., Diss. Ditef [unpaged]. 1775. Type: “cultivated at botanical garden in Florence, Italy from seed collected in “Abyssinia”; naturalized in the New World (Brazil), Ethiopia (Northeast Tropical Africa, Africa) “ (FI).
Poa abyssinica Jacq., Misc. Austriac. 2: 364. 1781. Type: Abyssinia.
Eragrostis abyssinica (Jacq.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 192. 1827 (as “abessinica”)
**Distribution. **Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Naturalized; native to tropical East Africa.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1301. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 576. 1817 var. **tenella
Poa tenella L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.33 (LINN). LT designated by Mitra & Jain in Manilal (ed.), Bot. Hist. Hort. Malabaricus 151. 1980.
Megastachya tenella (L.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 369. 1837
Poa amabilis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 2: 59, No. 46 (BM-000621703). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000.
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Indian Pl. [pt. 2]: 105, no. 1777. 1834
Poa plumosa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787. Type: “E. Tranquebaria misit amicis Koenig.” India: Tranquebaria; Koenig in herb. Retzius 378 (LD).
Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 192. 1827
Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. plumosa (Retz.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Sri Lanka, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Ingram notes that the name Eragrostis amabilis is used fairly commonly for this taxon, but E. tenella is the correct name. See also Peterson et al. (2018), who also suggest using E. tenella.
**1302. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. breviculmis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 316. 1896 **
Type. India: Punjab, Behar.
**Distribution. **Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, Punjab [Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**1303. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. insularis C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 654. 1939 **
Type. Mauritius: Moka; *Vaughan 1937. *
Distribution. Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Bangladesh].
**Habit. **Annual.
Remarks. Records for Maharashtra and Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**1304. Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854 **
Poa tenuifolia A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 425. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montosis provinciae Chire mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon), et in locis incultis valium prope Adoua mense Septembre (Schimper). Lectotype: Ethiopia: Adoam; January 1837 [September 18, 1837]; Schimper 92 (P). LT designated by S. Phillips in Fl. Ethiopia 7: 122. 1995.
Eragrostis parviglumis Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 267. 1854. Type: India: Nilagiri; Hochstetter no. 936
Eragrostis collocarpa K. Schum in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 114. 1895. Type. “Holst n. 54, 3228, 8923). – Auf trockenen Grasplatzen und im gelichteten Hochwalde.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1305. Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269. 1854 **
Poa tremula Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 185. 1791. Type: “E. Senegal, D. Roussillon. “Africa: Senegal; *Roussillon s.n. *(P-LAM).
Eragrostis rhachitricha Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 37. 1851. Type: India: Manglore; Metz no. 280
Poa multiflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 340. 1820, non Forssk., 1775. Type: India: “It is found on dry elevated places.”
Eragrostis multiflora Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 401. 1830
Eragrostis lamarckii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269. 1854, nom. nov. for Poa tremula, non E. tremula.
Type. Nubia; Hochstetter**Hrbr. un. it. no. 6.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1306. Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood, Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861). 796. 1861 **
Poa trichodes Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 5: 146. 1835. Type: USA: Arkansas Territory, in brushy prairies and open alluvial lands; Nuttall s.n. (PH).
Eragrostis capillacea Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 196. 1924. Type: “Americae sept. Civit. Unitae, Nebraska centr., ad Plumer Ford, Dismal River, Thomas Co.; Rydberg 1832”
Eragrostis tenuis A. Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 6. 661. 1890, non Steud., 1854
Distribution. India [also in North America]. Naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking.
**1307. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 264. 1854 var. **unioloides
Poa unioloides Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 19. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Communicavit Honor Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD).
Poa rubens Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 184. t. 45. f. 2. 1791. Type: “Ex India. Sonner. An. P. Amabilis.” India: Mangalore; Sonnerat s.n. (P-LAM?).
Eragrostis rubens (Lam.) Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 38. 1851
Eragrostis amabilis sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 317. 1896, non Wight & Arn. ex Nees, 1838 (excluding syn Poa amabilis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753)
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual or short-lived perennial.
**1308. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees var. tremula Jacob, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 51. 1947 **
Type. India: Travancore, Tiruvalla, alt. 100 ft.; K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH-86288).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual or perennial.
Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990).
**1309. Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 397. 1830 **
Poa viscosa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787. Type: “In glareosis aridis Malabariae minus frequens tempore calido viget. Cl. Koening.” India: Malabar; Koenig s.n. (LD).
Eragrostis mangalorica Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 38. 1851. Type: India, Karnataka, Mangalore; R.F. Hohenacker Herb. Metz no. 262
Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. viscosa (Retz.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1310. Eragrostis zeylanica Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 204. 1843 **
Eragrostis elongata sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 319. 1896, non Jacq., 1813
**Type. **“In Ceylona, Macrae, Julio 1829 (Herb. Lindl. et Arnott.)” Sri Lanka; July 1829; Macrae s.n.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Zoysieae Benth., 1881
Ligule generally a fringe of hairs. Spikelets laterally compressed, with a single flower. Lower glume absent, or with no veins, or with only one vein. Lemma with one vein, awnless. Pericarp free from seed coat.
Note that the genera Spartina and Crypsis are derived from within Sporobolus so the two are combined here, following the work of Peterson et al. (2014b, 2014c).
**Sporobolus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 169. 1810 **
**Lectotype. **Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Agrostis indica L.). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 1247. 1874.
**1311. Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) A. Robyns & Tournay, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 25: 242. 1955 **
Agrostis africana Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1. 254. 1810. Type: South Africa: Cape Province; Thunberg s.n. (UPS).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to Africa, Arabia.
Habit. Perennial.
**1312. Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr., Pacific Railr. Rep. 7, Pt. 3 (Parkes) 7: 21. 1856 **
Agrostis airoides Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1(1): 151–152. 1824. Type: “Hab. on the branches of the Arkansas, near Rocky Mountains.” USA: Colorado, headwaters of the Arkansas River; E. James s.n. (NY-327612).
Vilfa airoides (Torr.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 766. 1841
Sporobolus diffusissimus Buckl., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1862: 90. 1862. Type: USA: Texas, Western Texas; Wright 726
Distribution. Rajasthan [also in North America]. Naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Locality in India fide Naithani (1990).
**1313. Sporobolus alterniflorus (Loisel.) P. M. Peterson & Saarela, Taxon 63(6): 1236. 2014 **
Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Fl. Gall. 719. 1807. Type: “Habitat circa Baionam, in pascuis limosis ad ripas Aturi.”
Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra [China]. Naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**1314. Sporobolus capillaris Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 37. 1851 **
Sporobolus scabrifolius Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n.s., 8: 312. 1912
Type. India: “Habitat in Peninsula Indiae orientalis”; *R. Wight s.n. *(Glasgow 3309).
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1315. Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 68. 1829 **
Agrostis coromandeliana Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 19. 1786–1787. Type: “In aridis duris Malabariae legit indefessis Koenig.” India: Malabar, Naguhr, propre Sammelliota; 1782; C.D.E. Koenig s.n. (LD).
Vilfa coromandeliana (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16: 147. 1812
Vilfa commutata Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 10. 1823. Type: “V. sp. Ind. Or.” Klein ex Stephan ex Wildenow in Herb Trinius; November 15, 1799; India: Madras: Red Hills (LE).
Sporobolus commutatus (Trin.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 214. 1833
Vilfa roxburghii Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 59. 1839, nom. invalid, cited as synonym of Vilfa commutata
Vilfa roxburghiana Nees ex Wight., Cat. no. 1742. 1834, nom. nud.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1316. Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 26, 147, 178. 1812 **
Agrostis diandra Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 19. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Missit cel. Koenig sub nominee Cinnae.” India; J. Koenig s.n. (LD).
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. diandrus (Retz.) Jovet & Guedes, Taxon 22(1): 163. 1973 (as “diander”)
Vilfa erosa Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(2): 86. 1839. Type: Sri Lanka; Koenig s.n. (LE-TRIN-1698.01). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 434. 1991.
Vilfa retzii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 768. 1841
Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv. var. major Buse, Pl. Jungh. 3: 343. 1854. Type: Java: Cibogo; June; Junghuhn s.n. (L-903.342-96).
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens, Blumea 35(2): 437. 1991
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1317. Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 19: 291. 1965 **
Agrostis fertilis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 170. 1854. Type: “Ex Hrbo. Musei Logd. Bat. Japonia.” Lectotype: Japan; *Burger s.n. *(L-908.97-171). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 437. 1991.
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. fertilis (Steud.) Jovet & Guedes, Taxon 22: 163. 1973
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1318. Sporobolus festivus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 398. 1850–1851 **
Syntypes. “Crescit in ripis rivuli Mariam-Chawisto, mense November; Quartin Dillon.” Ethiopia: prope Tchelatcheranne July 31, 1840; *G.H.W. Schimper s.n. *(P). Ethiopia: in campis prope Avar Semmaka in provincia Chire; *Quartin Dillon s.n. *(P).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra [Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990).
**1319. Sporobolus fimbriatus (Nees ex Trin.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 156. 1841 **
Vilfa fimbriata Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(1–2): 69. 1840. Type: South Africa: Cape
Distribution. India [Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking.
**1320. Sporobolus hajrae P. Umam. & P. Daniel, Nordic J. Bot. 18(5): 577. 1998 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Chidambaranar District, Veppalodai seacoast, c. 25km from Tuticorin; July 30, 1995; P. Daniel; P. Umamaheswari 103594 (CAL).
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1321. Sporobolus helvolus (Trin.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 820. 1894 (“1895”) (as “helvola”) **
Vilfa helvola Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(2): 52. 1840. Syntypes: Saudia Arabia: Wadi Diara, Habessin, in siccis; Ehrenberg s.n. (LE). Senegal; Leprieur s.n. (LE). Senegal; Lelievre s.n. (LE).
*Vilfa glaucifolia *Hochst. ex Steud, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 154. 1854. Type: Africa: Sudan: Nubia, Kordovan, Arasch-Cool; September 30, 1839; Kotschy 74 (WAG).
Sporobolus glaucifolius (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hochst. ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 820. 1894 (“1895”)
Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1322. Sporobolus humilis Presl ssp. minor Veldkamp, Blumea 35: 420. 1991 **
Vilfa geniculata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 156. 1854. Type: India: Madras
Sporobolus geniculatus (Nees) Aitch., Cat. Punjab Pl. 165. 1869
Sporobolus tremulus auct. non Kunth: Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829
**Type. **India: Madras, not indicated (P, holo, not found).
Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1323. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 170. 1810 var. **indicus
Agrostis indica L., Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Clayton 460b, Herb. Linn. No. 84.36 (LINN). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 422. 1991.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [Myanmar, Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1324. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. flaccidus (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp, Blumea 35(2): 433. 1991 **
Agrostis elongata (R. Br.) Roth var. flaccida Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 368. 1817. Type: India; Roth 80 β
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1325. Sporobolus ioclados (Nees ex Trin.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 161. 1841 **
Vilfa ioclados Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(2): 65. 1840. Type: South Africa: Cape; Drége & Wonderhuivel s.n. (LE).
Sporobolus marginatus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 397. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: in valle lata Meda; April; *G.H.W. Schimper s.n. (L). “Crescit in provincia Chiré”; Quartin Dillon s.n. et in valle lata Meda mense Aprili; Schimper s.n. *
Sporobolus arabicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 47. 1854. Type: “Hab. in aridis Arabiae prope Mascate Aucher no. 5425.” Saudi Arabia: Muscat, desert; Aucher-Eloy 5425
**Distribution. **Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Distribution in Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**1326. Sporobolus maderaspatanus Bor, Kew Bull. 1957: 234. 1957 **
**Type. **India: Madras, Guntur District; October 22, 1902; C.A. Barber 4720 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1327. Sporobolus piliferus (Trin.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 211. 1833 **
Vilfa pilifera Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 157. 1824. Type: “V. spp. Nepal.” Lectotype: Nepal, *Wallich 3774 *(LE). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 441. 1991.
Sporobolus stachyanthus A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 394. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montosis planitiei provinciae Chire, mense Octobre; Quartin Dillon s.n.”
Triachyrum nilagiricum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 176. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountain; 1851; Hohenacker 931
Sporobolus ciliatus Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 251. 1896, nom. nud.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**1328. Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P. M. Peterson, Taxon 63(6): 1234. 2014 **
Phleum schoenoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Italia, Smyrna, inque Hispania. Loefling.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 81.7 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 353. 1974.
Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 166. t. 42. f. 1. 1791
Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: 23. t. 30. 1801
**Distribution. **Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1329. Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829 **
Agrostis spicata Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1: 9. 1790. Type: Egypt; *Forsskal s.n. *(C).
Vilfa spicata P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 147, 182. 1812, nom. nud.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**1330. Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 369. 1898 **
Panicum tenuissimum Schrank, Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 2: 26. 1822. Type: “Brasilien, Hr. Dr. Martius” “Pflege: in warmen Hause.”
Sporobolus mangaloricus Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 36. 1851. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Canara, near Mangalore; 1847; *Hochstetter 137 *(U).
Vilfa mangalorica (Miq.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 159. 1854.
Vilfa minutiflora Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 158. 1824. Type: cultivated in Leningrad from seeds collected in Brazil; Martius s.n. (LE-TRIN-1718.01).
Sporobolus minutiflorus (Trin.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 88. 1827
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China]. Naturalized; native to tropical America.
Habit. Annual.
**1331. Sporobolus tetragonus Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 251. 1949 **
Sporobolus pulchellus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 252. 1896, non R. Br., 1810
Type. Siam, Kanburi; A.F. G. Kerr 19762 (K).
Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra [Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**1332. Sporobolus tourneuxii Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 250. 1889 **
Sporobolus sindicus Stapf ex T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 1018. 1908. Type: Pakistan: Sind, Dadu District, Thano Bula Khan to Kotri; Woodrow s.n. (K).
Type. Algeria: Tunetia, desert; 1884; Letourneux s.n. (K).
Distribution. Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1333. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829 **
Agrostis virginica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Virginia.” Lectotype: Clayton 507, Herb. Linn. No. 84.30 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 119. 1908.
Crypsis virginica (L.) Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 49. 1818
Podosemum virginicum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 85. 1827
Vilfa virginica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 149, 182. 1812
Agrostis littoralis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 161. 1791. Type: “America merid., Communic. a D. Richard.” Lectotype: Antilles: Virgin Islands: bayis Trium insularum Danarum; May 1787; L.C.M. Richard s.n.(P). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 446. 1991.
Sporobolus littoralis (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 68. 1829
Vilfa littoralis (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16: 147, 181. 1812
Vilfa intermedia Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 156. 1824. Type: “V. sp. Ind. occ.” [error, corrected in 1840 to Mauritan. Sieber]. Mauritius; Sieber II-38 (LE-TRIN-1710.01).
Agrostis pungens Muhl., Descr. Gram. (Muhlenberg) 72. 1817, non Schreb., 1769. Type: “Agrostis dure Willd. persimilis et Agrostis virginicae Swarz.”
Sporobolus tremulus (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829
Agrostis juncea Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 161. 1791. Type: “Ex India, insula Franciae. A matrella. L. fotre varietas praecedentis.” India; Sonnerat s.n. (P).
Vilfa tremula Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 155. 1824. nom. nov. for *Agrostis juncea *Lam., non V. juncea Trin. (1824)
Agrostis tremula Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 372. 1797, nom. superfl. & illeg. for A. juncea Lam.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Cosmopolitan.
**1334. Sporobolus wallichii Munro ex Trimen., J. Bot. 27: 171. 1889 **
Type. “Collected by the late W. Ferguson, early in 1886, somewhere between Trincomalie and Kantalai Tank.” Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3769A.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual or perennial.
**Urochondra C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: sub t. 3457. 1947 **
**Type. **Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. (Vilfa setulosa Trin.).
**1335. Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: sub t. 3457. 1947 **
Vilfa setulosa Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(2): 55. 1840. Type: [Saudi] Arabia: Ga-el-Ma, banks of salt-water creeks and saline flats; Ehrenberg & Hemprich s.n.
Crypsis setulosa (Trin.) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 292. 1921
Heleochloa setulosa (Trin.) Blatt. & McCann, Sci. Monogr. Imp. Council Agric. Res. India 5: 205. t. 134. 1935
Sporobolus setulosus (Trin.) A. Terracc., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 5: 95. 1893
Crypsis dura Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2. 4: 125. 1859. Type: “Hab. in ditionibus Scinde et Beloutschistan”; Griffith 455
Heleochloa dura (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 477. 1884
Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Zoysia Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 440. 1801, nom. cons. **
**Type.**Zoysia pungens Willd.
**1336. Zoysia japonica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 414. 1854 **
Osterdamia japonica (Steud.) Hitchc., Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 166. 1920
Type. Japonia.
Distribution. Maharashtra [also in Japan, Korea, North America]. Naturalized and cultivated; native to eastern Asia, Japan.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1337. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 230. 1912 var. **matrella
Agrostis matrella L., Mant. Pl. Altera 185. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Malabariae arenosis. Koenig. 56.” Lectotype: König 56, Herb. Linn. No. 84.11 (LINN). LT designated by Goudswaard in Blumea 26: 171. 1980.
Osterdamia matrella (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 781. 1891
Zoysia pungens Willd., Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 441. 1801. Type: India; Klein s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1338. Zoysia pacifica (Goudsw.) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 45: 71. 1994 **
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacifica Goudsw., Blumea 26: 172. 1980. Type: Rhukyu I., Yonakuni I.; Hatusima 24127 (L.)
Zoysia tenuifolia sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 684. 1960, non Willd. ex Trin. 1836
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Tribe Cynodonteae Dumort., 1824
Morphology in this tribe is almost as variable as within the subfamily as a whole. There are no obvious morphological synapomorphies (Kellogg 2015b).
**Acrachne Wight & Arn. ex Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 361. 1908 **
**Type. **Acrachne verticillata (Roxb.) Chiov. (Eleusine verticillata Roxb.).
**1339. Acrachne henrardiana (Bor) S.M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 37(1): 158. 1982 **
Dactyloctenium henrardianum Bor, Blumea, Suppl. 3: 44. 1946. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Ramnad District, Pamban; January 19, 1945; Daniel & S.R. Raju 20089 (K).
Arthrochloa henrardiana (Bor) J. W. Lorch, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 39: 490. f. 1–5. 1960
Normanboria henrardiana (Bor) Butzin, Taxon 27(2–3): 301. 1978
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1340. Acrachne racemosa (B. Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 1. 1947 **
Eleusine racemosa B. Heyne ex Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 583. 1817. Type: India Orientali; Heyne s.n.
Leptochloa racemosa (B. Heyne ex Roth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829
Eleusine verticillata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.). 1: 346. 1820. Type: India: “A native of moist pasture ground.”
Acrachne verticillata (Roxb.) Lindl. ex Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 361–362. 1908
Leptochloa verticillata (Roxb.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1341. Acrachne sundararajii P. Umam., Muthuk. & P. Daniel, Kew Bull. 52(4): 1007 1997 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari District, Vivekanandhapuram; November 21, 1995; Muthukumar 106403 (CAL).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
**Habit. **Annual.
**Aeluropus Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 143. 1820 **
**Type. **Aeluropus laevis Trin., nom. illeg. (Dactylis brevifolia J. Koenig ex Willd., Aeluropus brevifolius (J. Koenig ex Willd.) Trin. ex Wall.).
**1342. Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 374. 1864 (as “lagopodioides”) **
Dactylis lagopoides L., Mant. Pl. 33. 1767. Type: “Habitat in India. Burmannus.” Lectotype: J. Burman s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 90.5 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 250. 2000.
Koeleria lagopoides (L.) Panz ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 332. 1824 (“1825”) (as “Kölera”)
Poa lagopoides (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 111. 1829 (as “lagopodioides”)
Sesleria lagopoides (L.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 22. 1815 (as “Sessleria lagopodioides”)
Aeluropus concinnus Fig. & de Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 12: 257. 1852. Type: “In arenosis salsugineis ad Wadi-Dahab”; Figari s.n.
Dactylis repens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 79. t. 15. 1798. Type: “Habitat in arensis ad maris littoral et in deserto.”
Aeluropus repens (Desf.) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 462. 1848
Poa repens (Desf.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 69. 1819
Calotheca repens (Desf.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 347. 1824 (“1825”)
Calotheca niliaca Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 348. 1824 (“1825”)
Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1885, isonym
Aeluropus brevifolius Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 30. 1840, nom. nud.
Poa tunetana Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 20. 1815, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Dactylis repens Desf.,
Aeluropus laevis Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 143. t. 12. 1820, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Dactylis brevifolia
Dactylis lagopoides sensu Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 298. 1861 (as “lagopodioides”), non L., 1767
Aeluropus villosus Trin. in C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer) 18. 1831, nom. superf. & illeg. for Poa repens (Desf.) M. Bieb.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1343. Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 461. 1848 **
Poa littoralis Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 470. 1765. Type: In maritimis arenosis a Villenueve, Maguelone, France, Gouan s.n.
Calotheca litoralis (Gouan) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 347. 1824 (“1825”)
Dactylis littoralis (Gouan) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 408. 1797
Melica littoralis (Gouan) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 443. 1825
Poa pungens M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 65. 1808
Aeluropus pungens (M. Bieb.) K. Koch, Linnaea 21(4): 408. 1848
Aeluropus littoralis ssp. pungens (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 8: 73. 1971
Distribution. India; states not recorded. [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**Bouteloua Lag., Varied. Ci. 2(4): 134. 1805 (‘Botelua’), nom. et orth. cons. **
**Type. **Bouteloua racemosa Lag.
**1344. Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. (Grisebach) 537. 1864 **
*Dinebra aristidoides *Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 171–172 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in asperis frigidis convallis Tolucensis, alt. 1320 hexap.” Mexico: near Nevada, Toluca; Humboldt & Bonpland 67 (P).
Atheropogon aristidoides (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 415. 1817 (as “aristidioides”)
Eutriana aristidoides (Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 242. 1824
Triathera aristidoides (Kunth) Nash in Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 137. 1903
Bouteloua ciliata Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 302. 1879. Type: Argentina: Salta, cerca del Pasaje del Río Juramento; February 21, 1873; P.G. Lorentz & G. Hieronymus 352 (GOET).
Dinebra hirsuta J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 292. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Peruvia” Peru; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Eutriana hirsuta (J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 280. 1833
Aristida unilateralis Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 132. 1840, nom. superfl & illeg. for Eutriana aristidoides
Distribution. India; states not recorded. Naturalized; native to North and South America.
Habit. Annual.
**1345. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. in Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 300. 1853 **
Chloris curtipendula Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 59. 1803. Type: USA; 1795; *Michaux s.n. *(P). “Hab. in aridis regionis Illinoensis ad Wabast et in rupibus ad prairie du rocher.”
Andropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) Spreng. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 90. 1840
Atheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 138. 1886
Cynodon curtipendula (Michx.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 303. 1825
*Dinebra curtipendula *(Michx.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 98. 158 t. 16, f. 1. 1812
Eutriana curtipendula (Michx.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 161. 1820
Eutriana affinis Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2): 174. 1847. Syntypes: North America; Schweinnitz s.n. Missouri, St. Louis & Texas;* Drummond s.n.*
Atheropogon affinis (Hook. f.) E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 141. 1886
Atheropogon apludoides Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 937. 1806. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.” USA; G.H.E. Muhlenberg 394 (PH).
Atheropogon medius E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 139. 1886. Lectotype: Mexico: between T. Miguel and Sadani; October; Liebmann 581 (US-2307995 (fragm.)). LT designated by Swallen, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 633. 1939.
Bouteloua racemosa Lag., Varied. Ci. 2(4): 141. 1805. Type: Collected by L. Nee in Mexico, possibly then cultivated in Madrid.
Atheropogon racemosus (Lag.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 414. 1817
Cynosurus secundus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2(Suppl.): 728. 1814. Type: USA: “upper Louisiana” [Territory = northern middle western states]; *J. Bradbury s.n. *(BM).
Chloris secundus (Pursh) Eaton, Man. Bot. (A. Eaton), ed. 5. 173. 1829
Dineba secunda (Pursh) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 711. 1817
Heterostegon curtipendula Schweinf. ex Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2): 175. 1847 (as “curtipendulus”), nom. nud., pro syn.
Melica curtipendula Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (Steudel) 1: 519. 1821, pro syn. of Atheropogon apludoides
Cynodon melicoides Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 303. 1825, nom superfl. & illeg.
Bouteloua melicoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 40. 155. t. 9. f. 6. 1812, nom. superf. & illeg.
Aristida secunda Rudge ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 711. 1817, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; native to the western hemisphere.
**Habit. **Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Peterson questions whether any verified records exist for India.
1346. Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 14: 375. 1912, nom. cons.
Chondrosum gracile Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 176 (ed. qto.). t. 58. 1816. Type: “Crescit in crepidinibus et devexis montis porphyritici La Buffa de Guanazuato Mexicanorum, alt. 1270.” Mexico: Guanajuato, La Bufa; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (B-W-1628).
Actinochloa gracilis (Kunth) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 418. 1817
Atheropogon gracilis (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 293. 1824 (“1825”)
Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 78. 1818 (as “oligostachyum”). Type: USA: “on the plains of Missouri [River]”; 1811; T.Nuttall s.n. (BM?).
Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. ex A. Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 2. 553. 1856
Chondrosum oligostachyum (Nutt.) Torr. in Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 300. 1853 (as “Chondrosium”)
Bouteloua stricta Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15(2): 49. 1888. Type: USA: Texas, western Texas; 1887; G.C. Nealley s.n. (US-81710).
Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Peterson questions whether any verified records exist for India.
**Chloris Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 25. 1788 **
**Lectotype. **Chloris cruciata (L.) Sw. (Agrostis cruciata L.) LT designated by G.V. Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 225. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 187. 1920.
**1347. Chloris barbata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 200. 1797 **
Chloris rufescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 206. 1854, nom. later. hom., non Lag., 1805. Type: Urville legit in Ins. Maurit.
Chloris inflata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 105. 1821. Type grown in the Berlin Botanic Garden from seed said to come from ‘California,’ probably from Mexico” (Hitchcock, 1936, p. 134).
Andropogon barbatus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302. 1771, (as “barbatum”), nom. later hom., non L., 1759. Type: Maurit; Urville s.n.
Type. Burma: Rangoon; July, 1904; *G. Forrest 346 *(E).
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**1348. Chloris bournei Rang. & Tadul., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 2: 189. 1921 **
Syntypes. India: Coimbatore, on black cotton soil; *K. Rangachariar 1317, 1318, 4443, 5348,6166, 6569 *(MH).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records outside Andhra Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**1349. Chloris flagellifera (Nees) P. M. Peterson, Taxon 64(3): 458. 2015 **
Eleusine flagellifera Nees, Linnaea 16: 220. 1842. Type: India and Arabia; Royle 86 & Schimper 800
Panicum compressum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18. 1775. Type: Yemen: Al Hadiyah “In montibus Hadiensibus”; March 1763; Forsskal 46 (C), non Chloris compressa DC, 1813
Ochthochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu, Kew Bull. 36(3): 559–563. f. 1(A-G). 1981
Eleusine compressa (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. ex C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(3): 12. 1922
Ochthochloa dactyloides Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 11: 27. 1842. Type: Missing (vide Kew Bull. 36(3): 559–563. 1981)
Eleusine arabica Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 211. 1854, nom. inval., as syn. of Eleusine**flagellifera Nees
Distribution. Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**1350. Chloris gayana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 293, t. 58. 1830 **
Eustachys gayana (Kunth) Mundy, Rhodesian Agric. J. 19: 142. 1922
Chloris abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 406. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: Adoam; September 20, 1837; Schimper 79 (P). Ethiopia: Djeladjeranne; October 23, 1840; Schimper 1800 (P). Ethiopia: Aduoa; Quartin Dillon s.n.(P).
Chloris glabrata Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 557. 1864. Type: “Standort: auf feuchtem sandigen und moorigen Boden; Wiesengrund bei Tette, 17° S.B., 120 Meilen im Innern des Landes, Kohlen-Sandsteinfrmation”; Peters in 1842–1848
Type. “Senegalia” Senegal; February 4, 1823; *Doellinger 21 *(K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China]. Naturalized; native in Africa.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1351. Chloris montana Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 331. 1820 **
Chloris montana Roxb. var. glauca Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 276. 1900. Type: Sri Lanka: hot drier parts of the Island; Trimen s.n.
Chloris decora sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 371. 1864, non Nees, 1854
Type. India: “This is native of Mountainous tracts only.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Stoloniferous perennial.
**1352. Chloris prieurii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 441. t. 134. 1831 **
Enteropogon prieurii (Kunth) Clayton, Kew Bull. 37(3): 419. 1982
Chloris punctulata Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 205–206. 1854. Type: Egypt: Nubia; September 20, 1839; T. Kotschy 33350 (L).
Type. Senegal: St. Louis; Leprieur s.n.
Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990).
**1353. Chloris pycnothrix Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 234. 1824 **
**Type. **“V. spp. Ex Ins. St. Catharnae, ubi detexit ill. De Chamisso.” Brazil: Santa Catarina Island; Chamisso s.n. (LE).
Distribution. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Naturalized. Native to Central and South America.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1354. Chloris quinquesetica Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n.s.) 8(7&8): 311. 1912 **
Type. India: Papadi Bassein, growing on the bounds of rice fields in semisalt lands, near Railway Station Road; August 30, 1911; R.K. Bhide s.n. (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records outside Andhra Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**1355. Chloris roxburghiana Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 339. 1824 **
Chloris myriostachya Hochst., Flora 38: 204. 1855. Type: “Eine sehr ausgezeichnete Art.” Abyssinia [Ethiopia]: Gagevos; 1858; Schimper, Hb. abyss. Buch. 1416 (STR).
Chloris polystachya Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 332. 1820, non Lag., 1816
Type. Peninsular India; Roxburgh s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**1356. Chloris virgata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 203. 1797 **
Chloris alba J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 289. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Mexico” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR, US-2830891 isotype fragm,).
Chloris caudata Trin. ex Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 70. 1833. Type: China: “Pekinum” Hebei; 1831; A. Bunge Herb. Ledebour (LE, Isotype).
Chloris compressa DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 94–95. 1813. Type: South America; September, 1828 and August 20, 1828; A.P. de Candolle 4 (US-2830890, US-80851 isotype fragm.). Cultivated at Montpellier southern France.
Chloris elegans Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 166 (ed. qto.). t. 49. 1816. Type: “Crescit iisdem fere locis inter Mexico et Queretaro.” Mexico: between Mexico City and Queretaro; *Humboldt & Bonpland 4194 *(P).
Chloris pubescens Lag., Varied. Ci. 2(4): 143. 1805. Type: Peru
Rhabdochloa virgata (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 158, 176. 1812
Chloris penicillata Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 353. 1840, nom. nud., non (Vahl.) Pers., 1805
Type. Antigua; Swartz s.n. (S).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Cosmopolitan.
Habit. Annual.
**1357. Chloris wightiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 206. 1854 **
Chloris incompleta Wight ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 206. 1854, pro syn.
Syntypes. Peninsula Indiae Orientalis; *Wight 1766 *(K). India; Wight 1337 (K).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**Cleistogenes Keng, Sinensia 5: 147. 1934 **
**Type. **Kengia serotina (L.) Packer (Festuca serotina L.).
**1358. Cleistogenes gatacrei (Stapf) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 487. 1960 **
Diplachne gatacrei Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 229. 1898. Type: Pakistan: Chitral; W. Gatacre 17626 (K).
Kengia gatacrei (Stapf) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 701. 1980
Distribution. Northwest India; states not recorded [Pakistan].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1359. Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev.) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 18: 540. 1942 **
Diplachne songorica Roshev., Fl. URSS. 2: 752. 1934. Type: Keng 3378 (NAS).
Cleistogenes mutica Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 299. 1938
Kengia mutica (Keng) Packer, Bot. Not. 113(3): 292. 1960
Distribution. Ladakh [China].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Ladakh fide Naithani (1990).
**Coelachyrum Hochst. & Nees, Linnaea 16: 221. 1842 **
**Type. **Coelachyrum brevifolium Hochst. & Nees.
**1360. Coelachyrum lagopoides (Burm.f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 79. 1956 **
Cynosurus lagopoides Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 29. 1768. Lectotype: *J. Burman s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 90.5 *(LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 250. 2000.
Eleusine lagopoides (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., 19(3): 339. 1921
Coelachyropsis lagopoides (Burm.f.) Bor, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 75: 25. 1971
Coelachyrum brevifolium Hochst. & Nees, Linnaea 16: 221. 1842. Type. “In arenosis prope Dschiddam d. 30 Decembris legit W. Schimper.” cited as “Eleusine brevifolia Hochst et Steud. Plant. Aegypt. -Arab. n. 799”
Coelachyrum indicum Hack., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 2(2): 61. 1887, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Cynosurus lagopoides
Koeleria brevifolia Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 21. 1815, nom. superfl. & illegit.
Poa brevifolia Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 111. 1829, nom. superfl. & illegit.
*Eragrostis brevifolia *Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: 51. 1881, nom. superfl. & illegit.
Dactylis brevifolia J. Koenig ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 410. 1797, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cynosurus lagopoides
Eleusine brevifolia R. Br. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 294. 1896, nom. superfl. & illegit., non E. brevifolia (Nees) Steud., 1854.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution outside Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**Cynodon Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Panicum dactylon L.).
**1361. Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Harlan, Kew Bull. 24:187. 1970 **
Type. Ethiopia, *de Wet OKLA9224. *
Distribution. Delhi. Naturalized; native to Africa.
Habit. Stoloniferous perennial.
**Remarks. **Record from Delhi fide Naithani (1990).
**1362. Cynodon barberi Rangachari & Tadul., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 846. 1916 **
Cynodon barberi Rang. & Tadul. f. *longifolium *S.K. Jain, Indian Forester 92(11): 699. 1966. Type: India: Orissa, Puri; 1889; J.H. Walsh s.n. (CAL).
**Type. **India: Tinnevelly and Godavari District; 1901–1902; C.A. Barber s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Most records from India fide Naithani (1990).
**1363. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 **
Panicum dactylon L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.35 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Harlan in Kew Bull. 24: 186. 1970.
Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 764. 1891
Digitaria dactylon (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 53. 1771
Milium dactylon (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 67. 1802
Paspalum dactylon (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791
Cynodon erectus J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 290. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Mexico, et in Peruviae montanis huanaccensibus.” Mexico. Peruano montano; *Haenke s.n. *(PR-495767).
Cynodon maritimus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 170 (ed. qto.). 1816
Digitaria maritima (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 272. 1824 (“1825”)
Cynodon tenuis Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk 2: 63. 1821. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.”
Dactilon officinale Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 69. 1787, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Panicum dactylon
Digitaria littoralis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 19. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cynodon**dactylon
Chloris cynodon Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 229. 1824, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cynodon**dactylon
Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 463. 1840, nom. nud.
Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 463. 1840, nom. nud.
Agrostis bermudiana Tussac ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 259. 1833, nom. nud., pro syn.
Agrostis filiformis J. Koenig ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 261. 1833, nom. nud. pro syn.
Digitaria stolonifera Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 165.t. 3. f. 9. 1806, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Fibichia umbellata Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 308. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Panicum**dactylon
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Cosmopolitan; native range unknown.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1364. Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 82. 1907 (as “plectostachyum”) **
Leptochloa plectostachya K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C. 112. 1895. Type: Tanzania “Steppen sudlich vom Kilimandscharo, sehr haufiges Gras in den Steppen am Pangani”, alt. 2500 ft.; July 2, 1893; G. Volkens 477 (B).
**Distribution. **Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to Africa.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1365. Cynodon radiatus Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 411. 1817 **
Cynodon arcuatus J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 290. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzon Island; Haenke s.n. (PR).
Cynodon intermedius Rang. & Tadul., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 304. f. 1. 2. 1918. Syntypes: India: Godavari District, Gokavaram; Anonymous 8262. Chingleput; Anonymous 11488. Tinnevelly District; Anonymous 13129, 13259. Kallar on the Nilgiris; Rangachari & Tadulingham 13988
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. intermedius (Rang. & Tadul.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1835. 1934
Type. India; 1814; B. Heyne s.n. (L).
**Distribution. **Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal (Naithani), Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Most records from India fide Naithani (1990).
**Dactyloctenium Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1029. 1809 **
**Lectotype. **Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (“aegyptiacum”) (Cynosurus aegyptius L.). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 1: 1000. 1873.
**1366. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1029. 1809 (as “aegyptiacum”) **
Cynosurus aegyptius L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Africa, Asia, America.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 91.11(LINN). LT designated by Kit Tan in Davis (ed.), Fl. Turkey 9: 578. 1985.
Eleusine aegyptia (L.) Forsyth f., Bot. Nomencl. 70. 1794
Chloris mucronata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 59. 1803. Type: USA; Michaux s.n. (P). “Hab. in cultis Carolinae.”
Dactyloctenium mucronatum (Michx.) Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1029. 1809
Eleusine pectinata Moench, Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 68. 1802, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Cynosurus aegyptius
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Annual.
**1367. Dactyloctenium aristatum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 59. 1827 **
Type. “Hab. in Aegypto; Eherenb. s.n.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1368. Dactyloctenium australe Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 212. 1854 **
Type. “Afr. austr.”
Distribution. Maharashtra. Naturalized; native to Africa.
Habit. Perennial.
**1369. Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3(4): 131. 1859 **
Eleusine scindica (Boiss.) Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India. 58. 1888
Dactyloctenium glaucophyllum Courbai, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 4, 18: 133. 1862. Type: “In locis siccis, sabulosis.”
Eleusine glaucophylla (Courbai) Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 107. 1881
Type. “Hab. in ditione Scinde cl. Griffith No. 637.”
Distribution. Daman and Diu, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks. **Records in India fide Naithani, except for Maharashtra, Punjab.
**Desmostachya (Stapf) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 316. 1898; 632. 1900 **
Eragrostis sect. Desmostachya Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker) 7: 324. 1896.
**Lectotype. **Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (Briza bipinnata L.).
**1370. Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 632. 1900 **
Briza bipinnata L., Fl. Palaest. 12. 1756. Type: “Habitat in Herjil. Aegypt. Aegypt. frequ. Palaest. rar.” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 89.2 (LINN). LT designated by Danin in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000.
Leptochloa bipinnata (L.) Hochst., Flora 38: 422. 1855
Pogonarthria bipinnata (L.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 362. 1908
Stapfiola bipinnata (L.) Kuntze in T. Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 532. 1903 (“1904”)
Uniola bipinnata (L.) L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 104. 1762.
Poa cynosuroides Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitat in aridis sterilioribus I. Or. Cel. Konig.”
Eragrostis cynosuroides (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 174. 1812
Cynosurus durus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 21. 1775, nom. later hom. & illeg., non L., 1753. Type: “In hortis Kahirinis spontaneus. Arab Hhalfe.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Rhizomatous perennial.
**Dignathia Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 30: sub t. 2950. 1911 **
**Lectotype. **Dignathia gracilis Stapf.
**1371. Dignathia hirtella Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 30: t. 2950. f. 13. 1911 **
Type. British East Africa: Without precise locality; Linton 4 (cum Latipede senegalensi Kunth).
Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan. Native; also in Africa.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**Dinebra Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 77. 1809 **
**Type. **Dinebra arabica Jacq., nom. illeg. (Cynosurus retroflexus Vahl, Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz.).
**1372. Dinebra chinensis (L.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1326. 2012 **
Poa chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India. Osbeck.” Lectotype: Osbeck s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 87.32 (LINN). LT designated by Phillips in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 279. 1974
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 4. 1824
Poa malabarica sensu Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 19. 1788 (“1789”), non L., 1753
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1373. Dinebra polystachyos (R. Br.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. **
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212134-1
Cynodon polystachyos R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 187. 1810 (as “polystachyon”). Type: Australia: Northern Territory: Darwin & Gulf Distr.: Maria Island, Gulf of Carpenteria. R. Brown 6238.
Cynodon neesii Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 371. 1864. Type: India; Rottler s.n., Wight s.n. Sri Lanka: Trincomalee; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3749
Leptochloa neesii (Thwaites) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 108. 1881
Dinebra neesii (Thwaites) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1326. 2012
Leptochloa polystachyos (R. Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 617–618. 1878, non L. polystachya (Michx.) Kunth, 1829
Cynodon virgatus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 213. 1854, non (L.) Raspail, 1825
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**Remarks. **The above combination is made here to transfer Cynodon polystachyos R. Br. to Dinebra.
**1374. Dinebra panicea (Retz.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1326. 2012 **
Poa panicea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 11. 1783. Type: “E China misit Honoratiss. Bladh.” China: Honoratiss; Bladh s.n. (LD).
Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 311. 1941
Aira filiformis J. Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 328. 1820. Type: India: “A native of pasture ground.”
Leptochloa filiformis sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 298. 1896, non (Pers.) P. Beauv., 1812
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1375. Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Ideen Revis. Gräs. 59, 60. 1813 var. **retroflexa
Cynosurus retroflexus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 20. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali. Dn. La Mark.” India: common weed of cultivation; *La Mark s.n. *(C).
Dinebra arabica Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 77, 98. t. 121. f. 1. 1807. Type: Cultivated at the Vienna Botanical Garden.
Leptochloa arabica (Jacq.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829
Eleusine calycina Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 347. 1820. Type: India: “Grows in small tufts on dry pasture ground, but generally amongst bushes.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1376. Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. var. condensata S.M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 28(3): 413–414. 1973 **
Type. Tanzania; Procter 3209 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Diplachne P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80, pl. 16, f. 9. 1812 **
**Type. **Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) P. Beauv. (Festuca fascicularis Lam.; Diplachne fusca ssp. fasciculata (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow).
**1377. Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv., Syst. Veg. 2: 615. 1817 **
Festuca fusca L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 876. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Palaestina.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 109 (1762)” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 92.21 (LINN). LT designated by Phillips in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 281. 1974.
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829
Uralepis fusca (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 247. 1854
Leptochloa malabarica (L.) Veldkamp, Blumea 19(1): 64. 1971
Poa malabarica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753, nom. rej. Type: “Habitat in India arenosis.” Lectotype = “Tsjama-pullu” in Rheede, Hort. Malab., 12: 83. t. 45. 1693. LT designated by Merrill in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635. 1933.
Diplachne malabarica (L.) Merr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635. 1933
Poa procera Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 334. 1820. Type: India
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
**Habit. **Perennial.
**Disakisperma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 287. 1854 **
**Type. **Disakisperma mexicanum Steud. (“mexicana”) (Disakisperma dubia (Kunth) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow).
**1378. Disakisperma obtusiflorum (Hochst) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 (as “obtusiflora”) **
Leptochloa obtusiflora Hochst., Flora 38: 203. 1855. Type: Abyssinia [Ethiopia]; Schimper Hb. Buch. nr. 1204 (STR)
Eleusine obtusiflora (Hochst.) Blatt., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 8: 505. 1936
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**Eleusine Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 7. 1788 **
**Lectotype. **Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (Cynosurus coracanus L.). LT designated by Nash in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2, 1: 228. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 175. 1920.
**1379. Eleusine africana Kenn.-O’Byrne, Kew Bull. 12:65. 1957 **
Type. South Africa: Cape Province, Kimberley Dist.: Warrenton-on-Waal, Mar 1950, *M. Wilman H.K.*1 (K; IT: US-2589173).
Distribution. Madhya Pradesh. Naturalized; native to Africa.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990).
**1380. Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8. t. 1. f. 11. 1788 **
Cynosurus coracanus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 875. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in India.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 107. 1762.” Lectotype = “Gramen dactylon Orientale, majus, frumentaceum, semine Napi” in Plukenet, Phytographia t. 91. f. 5. 1691. Typotype: Herb. Sloane 96: 74 (BM-SL). Voucher: Herb. Sloane 93: 189 (BM-SL). Typotype designated by Phillips in Kew Bull. 27: 254. 1972.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Cultivated.
Habit. Annual.
**1381. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8. 1788 **
Cynosurus indicus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72–73. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype = “Gramen Dactyloides spicis deorsum aristatis” in Burman, Thes. Zeylan., 106. t. 47. f. 1. 1737. LT designated by Phillips in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000. Epitype: Sri Lanka: Central Province, Matale District, 5 miles South of Matale on Kandy Road; 1970; *Clayton 5330 *(K). Epitype designated by Phillips in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi , Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Cosmopolitan; native to Africa and Asia.
**Enteropogon Nees, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2 448. 1836 **
**Type. **Enteropogon melicoides (J. Koenig ex Willd.) Nees (Ischaemum melicoides J. Koenig ex Willd.).
**1382. Enteropogon dolichostachyus (Lag.) Keng ex Lazarides, Austral. J. Bot., Suppl. Ser. 5: 31. 1972 **
Chloris dolichostachya Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. (Lagasca) 5. 1816. Type: Philippines: “in Phillip insulis D. Ludovicus Nee legit.” (MA).
Melica digitata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 328. 1820. Type: India: “A native of hedges and thickets.”
Chloris digitata (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 207. 1854
Chloris incompleta Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 607. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n.
Lophacme incompleta (Roth) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 350. 1908
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Caespitose perennial.
**1383. Enteropogon monostachyos (Vahl) K. Schum., Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 17. 1894 **
Cynosurus monostachyos Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 20. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali. Dn. Koenig.”
Leptochloa monostachyos (Vahl) P. Beauv. Ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 581. 1817 (as “monostachya”)
Enteropogon badamicus Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. s.) 7(8): 517. 1912 (“1911”). Type: India: Bombay, Badami; September, 1909; R.K. Bhide s.n. (as “badamicum”)
Ischaemum melicoides J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 211. 1803
Enteropogon melicoides (J. Koenig ex Rottler) Nees in Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2. 449. 1836
Rottboellia pilosa Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 785. 1817. Type: India; B. Heyne s.n.
Rottboellia tricantha Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 43. 1821
Enteropogon coimbatorensis K.K.N. Nair, S.K. Jain, & M.P. Nayar, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 86(2): 84, t. 1a-g. 1977. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore District, Kuridimalai; sd.; K. Subramanyam 1828 (MH). Type: India: “veneratiss”; B. Heyne s.n.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Africa].
Habit. Caespitose perennial.
**Eragrostiella Bor, Indian Forester 66: 269. 1940 **
**Type. **Eragrostiella leioptera (Stapf) Bor (Eragrostis leioptera Stapf).
**1384. Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 var. **bifaria
Poa bifaria Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 19. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali.”
Eragrostis bifaria (Vahl) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 264. 1854
Poa coromandelina J. Koenig ex Rottler., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 191. 1803.
Eragrostis coromandelina (J. Koenig ex Rottler) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 415. 1830
Catapodium bifarium Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 194. 1833 (as “bifario”), nom. nud., in obs.
Catapodium coromandelianum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 194. 1833 (as “coromandeliano”), nom. nud., in obs.
**Distribution. **Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
**1385. Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor var. walkeri (Stapf) Lazarides, Contr. Herb. Austral. 22: 7. 1976 **
Eragrostis walkeri Stapf in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 298. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. (K). Sri Lanka: Central Province, Galagama, below Horton plains; Thwaites s.n. Sri Lanka: Western province, Kurunegala; Trimen s.n
Eragrostiella walkeri (Stapf) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1386. Eragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 **
Eragrostis brachyphylla Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 327. 1896. Type: India: Behar and the Central Provinces, Nilghiris; Wight, Perrottet.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1387. Eragrostiella leioptera (Stapf) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 **
Eragrostis leioptera Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 325. 1896. Type: India: Khasia Hills, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; Griffith s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya.
Habit. Perennial.
**1388. Eragrostiella nardoides (Trin.) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 **
Eragrostis nardoides Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 415. 1830. Type: “V. spp. Nepal.” Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3827F) (LE).
Catapodium nepalense Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 194. 1833. Type: “Habiat in Nepalia.”
**Distribution. **Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 41, 164. 1812 **
**Type. Gymnopogon racemosus P. Beauv., nom. illeg. (“racemosa”) (Andropogon ambiguus Michx., Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.).
**1389. Gymnopogon delicatulus (C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 472. 1960 **
Chloris delicatula C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 290. 1896. Syntypes: India: Chota Nagpore, Mandu, Hazarabagh; C.B. Clarke 33855. Pegu-Yomah; Kurz s.n.
Distribution. Jharkhand, Odisha [Mynamar].
Habit. Annual.
**Halopyrum Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2448. 1896 **
**Type. **Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf (Uniola mucronata L.).
**1390. Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2448. 1896 **
Uniola mucronata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 104. 1762. Type: “Habitat in India. Burmannus.” Neotype: Sri Lanka: Wilpatti National Park; December 30, 1968; *Fosberg & al. 50918 *(K). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 258. 2000.
Desmazeria unioloides Deflers, Voy. Yemen. 220. 1889, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Uniola**mucronata L.
Eragrostis mucronata (L.) Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 69. 1887, non Eragrostis mucronata Roem. & Schult., 1817
Distribution. Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Hilaria Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1(1–2): 116 (ed. qto.). t. 37. 1816 (“1815”) **
**Type. **Hilaria cenchroides Kunth.
**1391. Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 62. 1881 **
Pleuraphis jamesii Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1(1): 148–150, t. 10. 1824. Type: “Habitat on the high plains of the trap formation at the sources of the Canadian river.” USA: Texas or New Mexico, sources of the Canadian River; 1852; *James s.n. *(NY).
Pleuraphis sericea Nutt. ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 62. 1881, nom. nud. as synonym of Hilaria sericea Benth.
Distribution. India. Native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking.
**Leptochloa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 71. 1812 **
**Lectotype.**Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv. (Cynosurus virgatus L.). LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 229. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 172. 1920.
**1392. Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 (as “crinata”) **
Chloris crinita Lag., Varied. Ci. 4: 143. 1805. Type: Philippines: “Ex Philippinis Insulis” [from Nee letter] [error for Mexico]; Nee s.n. (MA).
Chloropsis crinita (Lag.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891
Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 14: 63. 1947
Chloris mendocina Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 36: 208- 209. 1870. Type: Chile: Mendoza (P).
Chloropsis mendocina (Phil.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 348. 1898
Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz, Mem. Fac. Ci. Exact. Fic. Nat. Univ. Nac. Cordoba 1896: 36. 1897
Trichloris fasciculata E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 142. 1886. Type: Mexico: San Luis de Potosi; *Virlett 1440 *(P).
Chloropsis fasciculata (E. Fourn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891
Trichloris blanchardiana E. Fourn. ex Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9: 146. 1882. Type: USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Valley, near Tucson; May 19, 1881; C.G. Pringle 13921 (US).
Leptochloris greggii Munro ex Merr., U.S.D.A. Div. Bot. Circ. 32: 7. 1901, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Leptochloris crinita Munro ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891, nom. nud.
Chloris trichodes Lag. ex Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 14: 62. 1947, nom. nud., pro. syn
Distribution. India; individual states not recorded. Naturalized; native to North and South America.
Habit. Perennial.
**1393. Leptochloa pluriflora (E. Fourn.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 **
Trichloris pluriflora E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 142. 1886. Lectotype: USA: Texas, inter Laredo et Bejar; Berlandier 1430 (P). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 335. 1917.
Chloropsis pluriflora (E. Fourn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891
Distribution. India; individual states not recorded. Naturalized; native to North and South America.
Habit. Perennial.
**Lepturus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 207. 1810 **
**Type. **Lepturus repens (G. Forst.) R. Br. (Rottboellia repens G. Forst.).
**1394. Lepturus radicans (Steud.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 69: 87. 1923 **
Ophiuros radicans Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 430. 1855. Type: Nossibe Insula; Boivin 1979, 1980
Distribution. Karnataka [Sri Lanka, Africa].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**1395. Lepturus repens (G. Forst.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 207. 1810 **
Rottboellia repens G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 9. 1786. Type: “Insula intra tropicos.”
Monerma repens (G. Forst.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 177. 1812
Distribution. Lakshadweep [Sri Lanka, Africa, Australia].
Habit. Perennial.
**Melanocenchris Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841 **
**Type.**Melanocenchris rothiana Nees (Pommereulla monoica Roth, non Rottler, 1803).
**1396. Melanocenchris abyssinica (R. Br. ex Fresen.) Hochst., Flora 38: 274. 1855 **
Eutriana abyssinica R. Br. ex Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 142. 1837. Type: Abyssinia; Rueppell s.n. (FR).
Melanocenchris plumosa Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 37. 1851. Type: Pennisetum plumosum Hochst. et Steud. in Schimperi plantis Arab no. 794
Gracilea royleana (Nees) Hook. f. var. plumosa (Jaub. & Spach) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 284. 1896
Ptiloneilema plumosum (Jaub. & Spach) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 201. 1854.
Pennisetum plumosum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 201. 1854, nom. nud. pro. syn.
Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1397. Melanocenchris jacquemontii Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 36. t. 325. 1851 **
Melanocenchris royleana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 218. 1854. Type: India Orientali
Gracilea royleana (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 284. 1896
Type. “India tam cistropica (in provincial Delhi) quam australiori (inter urbes Bombay et Poonah) legit Jacquemont.” (P).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1398. Melanocenchris monoica (J. Koenig ex Rottler) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1831. 1934 **
Pommereulla monoica J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 218. 1803 (as “Pommereullia”). Type: India: In dry localities from the Kistna River to S. Arcot, Nilgiri Distict; Perrotte s.n.
Melanocenchris perrottetii Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 38. t. 326. 1851. Type: India: Neligherry Mountains; 1840; Perrottet s.n. (P)
Melanocenchris monoica Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 33 (1821), non Rottler (1803)
Melanocenchris rothiana Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nov. for Melanocenchris**monoica Roth
Gracilea nutans J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 218. 1803, cited as synonym of Pommereulla monoica
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Microchloa R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 208. 1810 **
**Type. **Microchloa setacea R. Br., nom. illeg. (Nardus indica L. f., Microchloa indica (L. f.) P. Beauv.).
**1399. Microchloa indica (L.f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, Atlas 13, t. 20, fig. 8. 1812 **
Nardus indica L.f., Suppl. Pl. 105. 1782(“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Tranquebaria.” India; Koenig s.n.
Microchloa setacea R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 208. 1810, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Nardus indica
Rottboellia setacea Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 17. t. 132. 1800, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Worldwide in tropical habitats.
**1400. Microchloa kunthii Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 75. 1831 **
Paspalum tenuissimum M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18: 24. 1935. Type: Mexico: Baja California, On the prairie at the Laguna Mountains, alt. 6500 ft.; September 24, 1930; M.E. Jones 27584 (POM).
Microchloa elongata R. Br., Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3807. 1831, nom. nud.
Type. “Habitat in America aequinoxialia.” Mexico: Hidalgo, Omitlan et Llano de las Tinaxas; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Worldwide in tropical habitats.
**Muhlenbergia Schreb., Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a] 44. 1789 **
**Type. **Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 2: 171. 1791.
**1401. Muhlenbergia duthieana Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 11. 1902 **
Muhlenbergia sylvatica sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7: 259. 1896, non (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray, 1834
Type. Pakistan: Hazara District; Panj Gali, alt 6900 ft.; J.F. Duthie 7611 (K) and many syntypes.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1402. Muhlenbergia himalayensis Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 259. 1896 **
Type. Western Himalaya, alt. 6000–7000 ft., Chamba to Simla; Thomson s.n., Madden s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1403. Muhlenbergia huegelii Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 293. 1841 **
Muhlenbergia geniculata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 178. 1854. Type: Nepal.
Muhlenbergia viridissima Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 178. 1854. Type: India, Royle 271
Type. Himalaya: Massuri, de Hugel s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1404. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 189. 1824 **
Agrostis mexicana L., Mant. Pl. 31. 1767. Type: “Habitat in America calidiore. D. Jacquin.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 84.33 (LINN). LT designated by Fernald in Rhodora 45: 225. t. 751. 1943.
Podosemum mexicanum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 84. 1827
Trichochloa mexicana (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 117. 1820
Vilfa mexicana (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 148, 161. 1812
Agrostis tenacissima L. f., Suppl. Pl. 107. 1782(“1781”). Type: “Habitat in India Orientali.”
Distribution. Uttarakhand. Naturalized; native to North America.
Habit. Perennial.
**Orinus Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 136. 1933 **
**Type. **Orinus arenicola Hitchc.
**1405. Orinus thoroldii (Stapf ex Hemsl.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 454. 1952 (“1951”) **
Diplachne thoroldii Stapf ex Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 121. 1894. Type: China: Tibet, alt. 16000 ft.; July-September, 1891; Thorold 120 (K).
Orinus arenicola Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23(3): 136. 1933. Type: India: Ladak, Kashmir, Tsaka, alt. 15000 ft.; July 18, 1931; Walter Koelz 2365 (US-1535771)
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh. [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Nepal fide Naithani (1990).
**Oropetium Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 98. 1820 **
**Type. **Oropetium thomaeum (L. f.) Trin. (Nardus thomaea L. f.).
**1406. Oropetium roxburghianum (Steud.) S.M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 30(3): 469. 1975 **
Lepturus roxburghianus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 357. 1854. Type: India Orientalis; Roxburgh s.n.
Tripogon roxburghianus (Steud.) Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. s.) 7(8): 515. 1912 (“1911”) [Basionym reference not given]
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Tropical Asia.
**1407. Oropetium thomaeum (L.f.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 98. t. 3. 1820 **
Nardus thomaea L.f., Suppl. Pl. 105. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Tranquebaria ad Montem Sancti Thomae.” India; Koenig s.n. (LINN).
Rottboellia thomaea (L.f.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 464. 1797
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Caespitose annual.
**1408. Oropetium villosulum Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 571. 1950 (“1949”) **
**Type. **India: Central Provinces, Nimar District, Humra; December 21, 1888; J.F. Duthie 8523 (K).
Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha fide Naithani (1990).
**Perotis Aiton, Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 85 1789 **
**Type. **Perotis latifolia Aiton, nom. illeg. (Saccharum spicatum L., *Perotis spicata *(L.) T. Durand & H. Durand).
**1409. Perotis hordeiformis Nees in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 247–248. 1838 **
Perotis birmanica Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66(7): 301. 1920 (“1920”). Type: Birmania: Minbu; Mokin 560
Perotis glabrata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 186. 1854. Type: Philippines; H. Cuming 1399 (L).
Type. Himalaya Mountain; Royle 280.
Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1410. Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 787. 1891 var. **indica
Anthoxanthum indicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 1: 29, No. 25 (BM-000621332). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 395. 1974.
Perotis patula Nees in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 247–248. 1838
Perotis perottetii Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 301. 1920 (“1919”). Type: India: Nilagiri Mountains; Perrottet 1390
Saccharum spicatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiae petrosis.” Lectotype: “Tsjeria-kuren-pullu” in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 12: 117. t. 62. 1693. LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 395. 1974.
Perotis spicata (L.) T. Durand & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 628. 1909
Perotis latifolia Aiton, Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 85. 1789, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Perotis hordeiformis sensu Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6(2): 267. 1841, non Hook. & Arn. 1838
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**1411. Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze var. keelakaraiensis P. Umam. & P. Daniel, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 23(3): 691. 1999 **
**Type. **India: Tamil Nadu, Ramanathapuram District, Keelakarai; December 15, 1995; P. Daniel & P. Umamaheswari 106547 (CAL).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1412. Perotis ornithocephala (Hook.) P.M. Peterson, Taxon 63(2): 284. 2014 **
Holboellia ornithocephala Hook., Bot. Misc. 2: 144. t. 76. 1831. Type: “In India orientali, apud montes Madurae; Koenig s.n., Wight s.n., M.D.”
Lopholepis ornithocephala (Hook.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 112. 1854
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Following Peterson et al. (2014a), Lopholepis is subsumed in Perotis.
**Pommereulla Naezén, Nov. Gram. Gen. 31. 1779 **
**Type. **Pommereulla cornucopiae L. f.
**1413. Pommereulla cornucopiae L.f., Suppl. Pl. 105. 1782 (“1781”) **
**Type. **“Habitat in India.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Schoenefeldia Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 86. 1829 **
**Type. **Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth.
**1414. Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 87. 1829; 1: 283. t. 53. 1830 **
Chloris myosuroides Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 290. 1896. Type: India: Gangetic Plain, ravines near Etawah; Duthie s.n.
Schoenefeldia pallida Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 183. 1852
Chloris pallida (Edgew.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 289. 1896, non Willd., 1806. nom. illeg. hom.
**Type. **“Crescit in Senegalia.” Africa: Senegal, dry sandy places; Kunth s.n. (B).
Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**Tetrapogon Desf., Fl. Atlant 2: 388. 1799 (“1800”) **
**Type. **Tetrapogon villosus Desf. (as “villosum”).
**1415. Tetrapogon tenellus (J. Koenig ex Roxb.) Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 352. 1908 (as “tenellum”) **
Chloris tenella J. Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 330. 1820. Type: “A native of the Peninsula of India.” Lectotype: India; Roxburgh painting 2022 (K). LT cited by Ali Chaudahry in Grass. Saudi Arabia 302. 1989
Chloris triangulata Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 409. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in valle Mai-Ouid (Fons-Calidus) provinciae Medat, Schimper, pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. II, 1048”
Tetrapogon triangularis Hochst. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 291. 1896, pro syn.
Ctenium indicum Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel]. 1: 274. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Chloris**tenella
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan].
Habit. Annual.
**1416. Tetrapogon villosus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 389, t. 255. 1799 (as “villosum”) **
Chloris villosa (Desf.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 87. 1805
Chloris tetrapogon P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 158. 1812, nom. superfl. for Tetrapogon villosus
Type. “Habitat in Arenis prope Cafsam.” Africa: Tunisia, Cafsam, desert areas and dry Mountain slopes; Desfontaines s.n. (P).
Distribution. Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan [Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**Tragus Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: 203. 1768, nom. cons. **
**Type. **Tragus racemosus (L.) All. (Cenchrus racemosus L.).
**1417. Tragus mongolorum Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 268. 1941 **
Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi, Kew Bull. 29: 496. 1974. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, Vela Cherry; July, 1845; G. Thomson s.n. (K).
Tragus biflorus auct. non (Roxb.) Schultes, 1824: Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 102. 1956
Tragus racemosus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 97. 1896, non Scop., 1777, nec (L.) All., 1785
Type. Mongolia.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Trigonochloa P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 **
**Type. ***Trigonochloa uniflora *(Hochst. ex A Rich.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow (Leptochloa uniflora Hochst. ex A. Rich.).
**1418. Trigonochloa uniflora (Hochst. ex A Rich.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1328. 2012 **
Leptochloa uniflora Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 409. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in valle fluvii Tacazzé sub arborum umbra, mense Augusto, Schimper, pl. Abyss. Schimp., sect. III, 1707.” Ethiopia: Tacaze; August 15, 1840; *Schimper 1707 *(P).
Craspedorhachis uniflora (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Chippind., Grass. Pastures South Africa 205. f. 182. 1955
Cynodon gracilis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 213. 1854. Type: India; Wight s.n. as Leptochloa gracilis
Agrostis montana Rottl. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 298. 1896, pro syn.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka, Asia, Africa, Arabia].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
**Tripogon Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 34. 1817 **
**Type. **Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult.
Notes. Taxonomic editor for Tripogon, Alok R. Chorge, National Museum of Natural History (New Delhi).
**1419. Tripogon anantaswamianus Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 185. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, alt. 6400 ft.; November 15; 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 69432 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1420. Tripogon ashihoi M. Murugesan, S. Arumugam & K.A.A. Kabeer, Indian Journal Forestry 42(1): 67. 2019 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Ayyamalai, 600 – 1200 m, 18 October 2014, Murugesan 207 A (holotype: MH; isotypes: 2017 B-D MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1421. Tripogon bimucronatus Thoiba & Sunil, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67(1): 151, f. 1. 2015 **
Type. India: Kerala, Palakkad District, Nelliyampathy hilltop, 1200 m, 16 November 2010, Sunil, C. N. 4477 (holotype SING; isotype: BRIT, CALI, K).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1422. Tripogon borii Kabeer, V.J. Nair & G.V.S. Murthy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 50: 115, f. 1. 2009 (“2008”) **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Nagerkoil, Marunthuvamalai, 360 m, 30 November 2005, K. Aftaf Ahamed Kabeer 118632 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1423. Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 600. 1817 **
Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult. var. major Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 288. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri Hills, Nadavattam, alt. 6000 ft.; Lawson s.n.
Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult. var. longifolius Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 288. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri and Pulney Hills
Tripogon festucoides Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 49. t. 333. 1851. Type: “India montibus Nelligherry dictis legit Perrottet; anno 1840 (Herb. Mus. Par.). “
Tripogon lanatus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 301. 1854. Type: “Montes Nilagiri, Hrbr Ind. or. A Hohenack. Edit nr. 922.”
Tripogon zeylanicus sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 374. 1864, non Nees ex Steud., 1855
Avena mysorensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 337. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Tripogon bromoides
Plagiolytrum calycinum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nud.
Triathera bromoides Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 600. 1817, nom. nud., pro syn.
Type. “Heyne in Mysore.”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1424. Tripogon capillatus Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 47, t. 332. 1851 **
Type. “Peninsula Indica, circa urben Poonah, inter Muscos supra arbores et saxa, Legit Jacquemont, September anni 1832 (Herb Mus. Par.) India: Poona; September, 1832; V. Jacquemont 580 (L).
Distribution. Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nepal, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
**1425. Tripogon copei Newmaster, V. Balas., Murug. & Ragup., Syst. Bot. 33(4): 698, f. 2. 2008 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Velliangiri Hills, 1840 m, 18 December 2006, Ragu and Newmast 55277 (holotype: OAC; Isotype: KASCH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1426. Tripogon filiformis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 301. 1854 **
Tripogon filiformis var. tenuispica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 288. 1896. Type: N.W. Himal., Sikkim and Khasia Hills; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8892
Tripogon semitruncatus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 301. 1854. Type: “In monte Laeou Javae.”
Tripogon unidentatus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 301. 1854. Type: “India Orientali” NorthWest India: [India herb. of Dr. Royle p. 92] (P).
Plagiolytrum unidentatum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nud.
Plagiolytrum filiforme Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nud.
Type. India: Northwest; Herb. Royle s.n. (P).
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1427. Tripogon idukkianus Sunil, Pradeep and Thoiba, Phytotaxa 202: 295, f. 1. 2015 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki district, Ramakkalemedu, 1500 m, 10 November 2002, C. N. Sunil 2267 (holotype: K; isotypes: CALI, MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1428. Tripogon jacquemontii Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 85. 1892 **
Syntypes. Habitat in India from western Ghats to Bengal. Bombay Presidency; *Lisboa s.n.;*G.M. Woodrow 79. Poona; Jacquemont 320 bis. Sholapur, Herb Munro. Bengal; Griffith Kew Distribution no. 6636 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
**1429. Tripogon jayachandranii Arum. & Murugan, Indian J. Forest. 40: 159. 2017 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Theni District, Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, 1450 m, 04 October 2016, Arumugam, S. & C. Murugan 134462 (holotype: CAL; Isotypes: MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1430. Tripogon karnatakensis Thoiba & Pradeep, Phytotaxa 272 (2): 126, f. 1, 2. 2016 **
Type. India: Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Kavikal Gandi Hills, 1450 m, 13 September 2014, T. Kottekkattu & M. Yoonus T 137510 (holotype: CAL; isotype: CALI, MH, K).
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Perennial.
**1431. Tripogon lisboae Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 84. 1892 **
Syntypes. India: Canara and Mysore to Mt. Abu, Canara and Mysore; J.S. Law s.n. Bombay Presidency; *Lisboa s.n. *On the rocks near the Carley Coves, near Poonah; Jacquemont 581; Rajputana, Mt. Abu, on rocks; Duthie 6788.
Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1432. Tripogon mahendragiriensis Chorghe, Sangita Dey, K. Prasad, Prasanna & Y. V. Rao, Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 655. 2015 **
Type. India, Odisha state, Gajapati District, Mahendragiri Hill, 17th September 2014, Chorghe & Prasad 4210 (BSID, CAL).
Distribution. Odisha.
Habit. Perennial.
**1433. Tripogon malabarica Thoiba & Pradeep, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8(2): 523. 2014 **
Type. India, Kerala, Kozhikode district, Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kakkayam, 990 m, Thoiba**Kottekkattu 134436 (BRIT, CALI).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1434. Tripogon munnarensis Thoiba, Manudev & Pradeep, Phytotaxa 272: 130, f. 4, 5. 2016 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki district, Munnar Udumbanchola, near Mundiyaruma, 1430 m, 16 December 2014, T. Kottekkattu & A. K. Pradeep 144105 (CAL, CALI, MH, K).
Distribution. Kerala.
**Habit. **Perennial.
**1435. Tripogon nallamalayanus Rasingam & J. Swamy, Phytotaxa 351(4): 296. 2018 **
Type. India: Telangana, Mahbubnagar district, Umamaheshwaram, 700 m, 22 October 2016, L. Rasingam & J. Swamy 7396 (holotype: CAL; isotypes: BSID).
Distribution. Telangana.
Habit. Perennial.
**1436. Tripogon narayanae Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 196. f. 1–9. 1983 (as “narayanii”) **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, alt. 6400 ft.; August 28, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 68412 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1437. Tripogon paramjitianus Murug., Arum. & Kabeer, Indian J. Forest. 40 (3): 285. 2017 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Velliangiri hills, Western Ghats, 22 November 2014, Murugesan 302 A (holotype & isotype: MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1438. Tripogon polyanthus Naik & Patunkar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15: 158. 1976 (“1973”) **
Type. India: Deccan Plateau, Marathwada, Daulatabad; October 18, 1973; *Patunkar 1859A *(Marathwada University, Aurangabad).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**1439. Tripogon pungens C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 170–172. f. 4. 1934 **
Type. India: South Coimbatore District, Anaimalis Hills, Punachi, 3500 ft.; C.A. Barber 3717 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990).
**1440. Tripogon purpurascens Duthie, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 9: 74. t. 92. 1901 **
Tripogon jacquemontii Stapf var. submuticus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 287. 1896. Syntypes: India: Western Himalaya, below Kotgurh; Thomson s.n. Simla, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; Duthie s.n.
Tripogon abyssinicus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 287. 1896, p.p., non Nees ex Steud., 1854
Tripogon hookerianus Bor ex Sultan & R.R. Stewart, Grasses of West Pakistan 2: 254. 1959, nom. invalid.
*Tripogon hookerianus *Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceyl., Ind. & Pakist. 522. 1960, nom. invalid.
Type. India: Western Himalaya, Tehri-Garhwal, Tons Valley, 3000–7000 ft.; Duthie 23532, Duthie 22699 (K).
Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1441. Tripogon ravianus Sunil & Pradeep, Sida 19(4): 803. 2001 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Pykara near Udagamandalam, alt. 6200 ft.; December 3, 2000; Sunil 2176 (BRIT).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1442. Tripogon rupestris S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Kew Bull. 57(4): 917. 2002 **
Type. China, Xizang, Dudh Kosi Gorge; 30 Aug 1982; Miehe 808 (K).
Distribution. Uttarakhand [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1443. Tripogon sivarajanii Sunil, Sida 18(3): 809. f. 1. 1999 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Valakettimala near Moolamattam, 3200 ft.; September 2, 1997; C.N. Sunil 2117 (MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1444. Tripogon tirumalae Chorghe, Rasingam, Prasanna & M. Sankara Rao, Phytotaxa 131 (1): 17, 2013 **
Type. India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirumala Hills, 4th September 2012, *L. Rasingam, M. S. Rao & Alok Chorghe**2914 *(Holotype CAL, Isotype BSID).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**1445. Tripogon trifidus Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 286. 1896 **
Tripogon trifidus Munro ex Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 85. 1892, nom. invalid. Lectotype: India: Meghalaya, Khasia; Griffith HEIC (KD) 6634 (K). LT designated by H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 394. 1999.
Distribution. Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1446. Tripogon umaganeshii B.R.P. Rao & M. Anil Kumar, Indian J. Forest. 41: 97. 2018 (as “uma-ganeshii”) **
Type. India: Andhra Pradesh, Horsley hills, 1195 m elevation, 19 September 2016, B.R. Prasad Rao & M.A. Kumar 51980 (holotype: SKU; isotype: BSID).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh.
Habit. Perennial.
**1447. Tripogon vellarianus Pradeep, Sida 18(3): 811. f. 2. 1999 **
Type. India: Kerala, Kozhikode District, Vellarimala, 11°25.877'N, 76°06.765'E, 4200 ft.; October 17, 1997; *A.K. Pradeep 56110 *(MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1448. Tripogon velliangiriensis Murug. & V. Balas., Indian J. Forest. 31(1): 109. 2008 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 1850 m, 12 September 2003, Murugesan 1181 (holotype: KASCH; isotype: MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1449. Tripogon wightii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 286. 1896 var. **wightii
Type. India: Mysore, Bellary; 1834; Wight 1793 (K).
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1450. Tripogon wightii Hook. f. var. kanyakumariensis Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Fl. Tamil Nadu: Grasses 183, 2009 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari District, Mothiramalai, Thomarai, near Pechiparai, alt. 2000 ft.; December 16, 2005; K.A.A. Kabeer 118769 (MH).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg., 1956
Micrairoideae is a subfamily with no obvious synapomorphies, although most species have spikelets with only two flowers (Kellogg 2015b). The ligule is a fringe of hairs. The genera are morphologically heterogeneous, and include both C3 and C4 species, some of which are adapted to forest shade and others to extreme drought (Hardion et al., 2017; Teisher et al. 2019).
Taxonomic editors: Jordan K. Teisher, Drexel University, Philadelphia, P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna, Botanical Survey of India, and Alok R. Chorghe, Botanical Survey of India.
**Coelachne R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 187. 1810 **
**Type. **Coelachne pulchella R. Br.
**1451. Coelachne minuta Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 58: 317. 1961 **
Coelachne ghatica Naik, Reinwardtia 9(4): 393, f. 1. 1980. Type: India: Western Ghats, Amboli Hill station; September 13, 1971; V.N. Naik 1300a (Herb. MU Aurangabad).
Type. India: Bombay, Mahableshwar; September 14, 1958; H. Santapau 22731 (K).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra [China].
Habit. Annual.
**1452. Coelachne perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 373. 1864 var. **perpusilla
Panicum perpusillum Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka
Coelachne perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites var. muscosa Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 270. 1900
Coelachne pulchella R. Br. var. perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 271. 1896.
Distribution. Kerala, Manipur, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1453. Coelachne perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites var. nilagirica V. Prakash & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1–4): 187. f. 12. 1983 (“1982”) **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Parthimund, alt. 7500 ft.; July 11, 1970; I.L. Ellis 34627 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1454. Coelachne simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 93. 1881 **
Panicum simpliciusculum Wight & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka; Nees s.n.
Coelachne pulchella R. Br. var. simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 271. 1896
Isachne simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 373. 1864
Isachne hispidula Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854, nom. nud., pro. syn.
Coelachne pulchella sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 270. 1896, non R. Br., 1810
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Eriachne R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 183. 1810 **
**Lectotype. **Eriachne squarrosa R. Br. LT designated by Eck-Borsboom in Blumea 26: 127, 130. 1980.
**1455. Eriachne pallescens R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 184. 1810 **
Aira chinensis Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 10. 1783. Type: “E China missit Cl.D. Bladh.” China; *Bladh s.n. *(LD).
Tricholaena chinensis (Retz.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20 (Heft. 85): 327. 1915
Eriachne chinensis Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 4, 15: 228. 1861. Type: “In summis collibus ins. Hongkong necnon ad Whampoa. Legi Aug-Oct. 1861.”
Type. Australia: Queensland, Cook District, Endeavor River; *Banks &**Solander s.n. *(BM).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**Remarks.**Aira chinensis and *Eriachne chinensis *are heterotypic synonyms. Thus E. chinensis is not based on A. chinensis, and the latter cannot be transferred to Eriachne.
**1456. Eriachne triseta Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 237. 1854 **
Massia triseta (Nees) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(9): 165. 1890
Megalachne zeylanica Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 372, 444. 1864, nom. invalid.
Type. Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. (P).
Distribution. North East India [China, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Hubbardia Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 385. 1951 **
**Type. **Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor.
**1457. Hubbardia diandra Chandore, Gosavi & S. R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 67 (3): 533–537. 2012 **
Type. India, Maharashtra, Kohlapur, Tillari Ghat, 15°47.400'N, 74°10.769'E, 15 Sept. 2010, Chandore 1301 (Holotype CAL; isotype BSI, K, SUK).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
**Habit. **Annual.
**1458. Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 385. 1951 (“1950”) **
Type. India: Bombay, N. Kanara, Jog, Gersoppa Falls, 500 ft.; October, 1919; *L.F. Sedgwick 7089 *(K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Endangered.
**Isachne R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 196. 1810 **
**Type. **Isachne australis R. Br.
**1459. Isachne albens Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(8): t. 85. 1827 var. **albens
Type. “Figura ad specimen nepalense.”
Distribution. Andra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1460. Isachne albens Trin. var. hirsuta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 23. 1896 **
Isachne hirsuta (Hook. f.) Keng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 11. 1965.
Type. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8657. Silhet; De Silva s.n. Cachar; Keenan s.n.
Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1461. Isachne angladei C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 323. 1932 **
Type. India: “Pulney Hills”, Shembaganur, alt. 6000 ft.; L. Anglade 914.
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990).
**1462. Isachne bhatii P. Biju, Josekutty & Augustine, Int. J. Pl. Anim. Environm. Sci. 6(3): 135. 2016 **
Type. India: Kerala, Kannur district, Kalliad lateritic plateau, 82 m, 23 August 2014, Biju & Jonny 2491 (holotype CAL, iso MH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1463. Isachne bicolor Naik & Patunkar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15(1–2): 157. 1976(“1973”) **
**Type. **India: Maharashtra, Aurangabad District, Mhaismal Plateau; October 8, 1973; B.W. Patunkar 1849A (Marathwada University Aurangabad).
Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**1464. Isachne borii Hemadri, Indian Forester 97(4): 223. 1971 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Puna District, 27 km West of Junnar, Dhak Khilla; September 22, 1968; Hemadri 117968A (CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1465. Isachne bourneorum C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 324. 1932 **
**Type. **India: Tamil Nadu, Palni Hills, Kodaikanal, alt. 6500 ft.; June 14, 1898; Sir A.G. & Lady Bourne 2491.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990).
**1466. Isachne clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 24. 1896 **
Lectotype. North East India: Kohima, alt. 5000 ft.; October 20, 1885S; C.B. Clarke s.n. (K). LT designated by M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Novon 15(3): 465. 2005.
Distribution. Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim [China, Myanmar].
Habit. Annual.
**1467. Isachne confusa Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 14. 1947 **
Isachne rigida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 24. 1896, non Nees ex Steud., 1854
Type. Indonesia: Sumatra, Bangka Island; Bunnemeijer 1577 in Herb. Bogor.
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1468. Isachne deccanensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 95–96. 1949 **
Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, Ootacamund Downs; August, 1884; Gamble 15290 (K).
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1469. Isachne dimyloides Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 96. 1949 **
Type. India: Sikkim Terai, Dulkajhar, alt. 700 ft.; October 16, 1884; C.B. Clarke 36764 (K).
Distribution. Sikkim.
Habit. Annual.
**1470. Isachne edamalayarensis Sunil, Naveen Kum. & Sivad., Nordic J. Bot. 35(3): 354–358. 2016 **
Type. India: Kerala, Ernakulam district, Edamalayar Forest Range, 913 m a.s.l., 26 December 2014, S. and N. Kumar 6926 (holotype: MH, Isotypes: CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Perennial.
**1471. Isachne elegans Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 291. 1861 **
Type. India: Deccan, on the margins of rivulets; Dalzell s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
**1472. Isachne fischeri Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 69–70. 1949 **
Type. India: Kerala, Madras, Summit of Anaimudi, Travancore High Range, 8840 ft.; September, 1933; E. Barnes s.n. (K).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**Remarks. **Taxonomic editor Teisher questions the interpretation of “Madras” in the description of the type. He notes that “the specimen is cited as part of a project on the Flora of Madras, and Madras is another name for Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu. However, I think it more likely refers to the historic Madras Presidency, which covered most of Southern India, including Kerala. Anamudi is a mountain in Kerala. Thus, I would recommend emending the type description, which would include Kerala and exclude the Tamil Nadu distribution.”
**1473. Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 778. 1891 **
Milium globosum Thunb., in J. A. Murray, Syst. veg. ed. 14: 109. 1784. Type: Japan: without specific locality; Thunberg 2041 (UPS).
Isachne australis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 196. 1810. Type: Australia: New South Wales, inclusis ripis aestuarii Hunter’s River vel Coal River (Page VI in Praemonenda); *R. Brown 6129 *(BM).
Isachne australis R. Br. var. effusa Trimen ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 25. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka: Peradeniya; Trimen s.n.
Isachne miliacea Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 476. 1817. Type: India: *Heyne 1814 *(BM).
Isachne**dispar Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(8): t. 86. 1827 var. dispar. Type: “figura ad specimen nepalense” Nepal: Herb. Trin. 678.1 (LE, microfiche IDC BT-1671-B5).
Panicum dispar (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854
Isachne dispar Trin. var. villosa C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1797. 1934. Type: India: High Wavy Mountains; Blatter and Hallberg s.n.
Isachne lutaria Santos, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33(5): 140, f. 3. 1943. Type: India: Travancore, Trivandrum, at the edge of a paddy field; January 8, 1934; E.W. Erlanson 5190 (MICH).
Panicum nodibarbatum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 95. 1854. Type: India: Nilgiri Mountains;* R.F. Hohenacker 1275*
Isachne nodibarbata (Hochst. ex Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 464. 1940
Panicum violaceum Klein, Linnaea 9: 307. 1834. Type: “Habitat in agris oryzaceis Indiae orientalis (Klein).”
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual or perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher notes that Isachne dispar vars. dispar and villosa are treated as synonymys of I. globosa by Clayton et al (2006 onwards), whereas Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004) claim *Isachne dispar *is a synonym of *Isachne pulchella *Roth based on the type description. However, Prakash and Jain (1984) note that “Isachne dispar Trin.” in Indian Floras was misidentified throughout, and “the specimens which were assigned to I. dispar in Indian Herbaria and Floras actually belong either to I. globosa or to I. miliacea”.
**1474. Isachne gracilis C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 77. 1927 **
Type. India: Mysore, Baba, Budan Hills, Santavera, alt. 4000 ft., in deep shade on rocks; Meebold 10781.
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. All records from India fide Prakash and Jain (1984).
**1475. Isachne henryi S. R. Sriniv. & Sreek., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 84: 647. f. 1 (A–H). 1988 **
Type. India: Kerala, Wynad District, Poothumoola, Hiladale R.F.; 2400 ft.; November 13, 1981; S.R. Srinivasan 72358 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1476. Isachne himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 23. 1896 **
Syntypes. India: Kumaon;* R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n.* Nepal; Wallich*(Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8656 D, E*. Pakistan: Peshawur; Aitchison s.n. India: Rajaori; Jacquemont s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1477. Isachne jayachandranii Gopalan & V. Chandras., Kew Bull. 55(4): 1005. 2000 **
Type. India: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram District, southern Western Ghats, western slopes of Agasthiyamalai, c. 4500 ft.; December 6, 1973; J. Joseph 44628 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1478. Isachne kannurensis Sunil, Ratheesh, Sujana & Sreek., Int. J. Advanced Res. 2(12): 149. 2014 (as ‘kannurense’) **
Type. India: Kerala, Kannur District, Kanai Kanam, 200 m, 24 September 2012, Sunil, Ratheesh**Narayanan & Nandakumar 4258 (holotype CAL, Isotypes MH, MSSH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1479. Isachne kinabaluensis Merr., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 76: 77. 1917 **
Isachne javana sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 24. 1896, non Nees ex Steud., 1854
Type. British North Borneo: Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave to Lobang, alt. 4600- 9200 ft.; November 15, 1916; Clemens 10704.
Distribution. Meghalaya [Myanmar].
Habit. Perennial.
**1480. Isachne kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Nees ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3(3): 460. 1857 var. **kunthiana
Panicum kunthianum Wight & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger Herb. no.271
Panicum cuspidigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka; Arnott Herb. no. 2045 as Isachne neesiana
Panicum neesianum Wight & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 74. 1853. Type: Sri Lanka; Lindley s.n.
Panicum metzii Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 95. 1854. Type: India: Nilgiri Mountains;* R.F. Hohenacker 1276*
Isachne metzii (Hochst. ex Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 467. 1940
Isachne elatior Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 22. 1896. Syntypes: Sri Lanka; Gardner s.n. (K, PDA). Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 314 (K).
Isachne kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Miq. var. elatior (Hook. f.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 316. 1931
Isachne kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Miq. var. latifolia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 22. 1896. Syntypes: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, alt. 6000 ft.; Lawson s.n. India: Anamallay Hills; Beddome s.n.
Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher notes that “Prakash & Jain (1984) lump I. kunthiana var. latifolia with I. kunthiana on the grounds that the species is highly variable in size and shape, and the varieties were based on quantitative characters that blend together in the study of a larger number of specimens. In the original description, Hooker (1896) describes I. kunthiana var. latifolia as “almost intermediate between I. kunthiana and I. elatior”. Since the latter is treated as a synonym under I. kunthiana, I would be inclined to agree that var. latifolia should also be lumped (this is also the position taken by the World Grass Species Synonymy database, Clayton et al. 2002).”
**1481. Isachne lisboae Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 22. 1896 **
Type. India: the Concan, Mahableshwar; Lisboa s.n.
Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**1482. Isachne manilaliana Sunil, K.M.P. Kumar & V.P. Thomas in Webbia 72(2): 161. 2017 **
Type. India: Kerala: Palakkad district, Muthikulam, Elivalmala, 2000 m, 11 November 2016, Sunil & K. M. Prabhukumar 4574 (holotype CMPR, Isotypes MH, SNMH, CATH).
Distribution. Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**1483. Isachne meeboldii C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 323. 1932 **
Type. India: Mysore, Shimoga, alt. 2000–3000 ft.; October; A. Meebold 10747.
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Perennial.
**1484. Isachne minutula (Gaudich.) Kunth, Révis. Gram. 2: t. 117. 1831 **
*Panicum minutulum *Gaudich. in Freyc., Voy. Uranie: 410. 1829. Type: Mariana Islands. Lectotype: Gaudichaud-Beaupré s.n. (P [P01934348]). LT designated by Veldkamp in Turner et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 71(1): 27. 2019.
Isachne geniculata Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 41. 1851. Type: “Bengal Prope Osunpoor; September 27, 1835”
Isachne stigmatosa Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 42. t. 147. t. 2. 1851. Type: “In humidis super inundatis, ad ripas flum. Boorea Barak Paulo infra Luckipoor; October 3, 1835.” India; October 3, 1835; *Griffith s.n. *(K-245425).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Remarks.Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004) mention that this taxon has been erroneously referred to in the literature as *Isachne miliacea *Roth or *Isachne pulchella *Roth, but claim the type specimen of I. miliacea belongs in Isachne globosa. This unfortunate confusion renders interpretations of historic references in the literature to this taxon difficult.
**1485. Isachne mysorensis Sundararagh., Indian Forester 97(6): 304. t. 1. f. 1–9. 1971 **
Type. India: Karnataka, Shimoga District, Kundadagudda near Agumbe; August 19, 1963; Sundararaghavan 90008A (BSI).
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Annual.
**1486. Isachne oreades (Domin) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 582. 1960 **
Panicum oreades Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20(Heft. 85): 297. 1915, nom. nov. for P. aequiglume Hook. f.
Panicum aequiglume Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 44. 1896, non Hack. & Arechav. 1894. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, Goodadoor Ghats, alt. 5000 ft.; Lawson s.n.
Distribution. Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1487. Isachne pulchella Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 476. 1817 **
Type. India;* B. Heyne s.n.* (B).
Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher notes that Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004) include I. dispar in the synonymy of I. pulchella. See comments under I. dispar.
**1488. Isachne scabrosa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 23. 1896 **
Type. India: Khasia Hills, alt. 4500–5000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China, Nepal].
Habit. Perennial.
**1489. Isachne setosa C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 247. 1932 **
Type. India: Cochin, Kavalai, alt. 3000–4000 ft.; A. Meebold 12125 (BRLU) “Breslau Herbarium”).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from India fide Bor (1960), Prakash and Jain (1984), and Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004).
**1490. Isachne sikkimensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 115. 1949 **
Type. India: Sikkim, Karponang, 9000 ft.; August 5, 1945; Bor’s collector s.n. (K).
Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal].
Habit. Annual.
Remarks. Records from Sikkim and West Bengal fide Prakash and Jain (1984).
**1491. Isachne swaminathanii Ved Prakash & S.K. Jain, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 92(1): 19. f. 10. 1983 **
Type. India: Maharashtra, Satara District, Mahabaleshwar, 4500 ft.; October 9, 1979; Ved Prakash 337A (CAL).
Distribution. Maharashtra.
Habit. Perennial.
**1492. Isachne sylvestris Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 206. 1905 **
Type. Indonesia: Malay Peninsula: Telok Sera; March 17, 1896; *Ridley 7265 *(K).
Distribution. North East India; information on specific states lacking. [Bangladesh, China].
Habit. Perennial.
**1493. Isachne veldkampii K. G. Bhat & Nagendran, Curr. Sci. 52(6): 258. f. 1. 1983 **
Type. India: Karnataka State, South Kanara District, Manipal, alt. 500 ft.; October 29, 1977; K.G. Bhat 468A (CAL).
Distribution. Karnataka.
Habit. Annual.
**1494. Isachne walkeri (Steud.) Wight & Arn., Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 361. 1864 **
Panicum walkeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 97. 1854. Type: India Orientalis, Sri Lanka; R.F. Hohenacker 1280
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**Limnopoa C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: sub t. 3432. 1943 **
**Type. **Limnopoa meeboldii (C.E.C. Fisch.) C.E. Hubb. (Coelachne meeboldii C.E.C. Fisch.).
**1495. Limnopoa meeboldii (C.E.C. Fisch.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: t. 3432. 1943 **
Coelachne meeboldii C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 169. 1934. Type: India: Cochin state, Chalakudi; November; A. Meebold 12520 (K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala.
Habit. Annual.
**Sphaerocaryum Nees ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 246. 1896 **
**Type. Sphaerocaryum elegans (Arn. ex Steud.) Nees ex Hook. f. (Graya elegans Arn. ex Steud., Isachne pulchella Roth; Sphaerocaryum pulchellum (Roth) Merr.).
**1496. Sphaerocaryum malaccense (Trin.) Pilger, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 2. 1938, in obs. **
Panicum malaccense Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 204. 1826. Type: “V. sp. malacc. (Stephan, qui a beato Willdenovio sub nominee Agrostis malaccensis acceperat.” India; Willdenow s.n. as Agrostios malaccensis (LE-TRIN-0806.01 (ex hrbr. Willd. 1737 & fig.)) fragment & drawing.
Sphaerocaryum elegans Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 620. 1841, nom. nud.
Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Zenkeria Trin., Linnaea 11: 150. 1837 **
**Type. **Zenkeria elegans Trin.
**1497. Zenkeria elegans Trin., Linnaea 11: 150. t. 3. 1837 **
Amphidonax tenella Wight. & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 197. 1854. Type: “Peninsula Ind. Or.”
Amphidonax heynei Nees in Wight., Cat. 1747. 1834, nom. nud.
Type. “Habitat in Indiae orientalis montibus Nilagiri dictis.”
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1498. Zenkeria jainii N.C. Nair, Sreek. & V.J. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78: 354. 1981 **
Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam Sanctuary, alt. 6400 ft.; August 20, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 68419 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1499. Zenkeria sebastinei A.N. Henry & Chandrab., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15: 142. 1976 (“1973”) **
**Type. **Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli District, Agastyamalai; August 26, 1963; Henry 17325 (CAL).
Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Habit. Perennial.
**1500. Zenkeria stapfii Henrard, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 396. 1921 **
Type. India Orientalis: Madras Province, Nilgiri Mountains; Perrotet 1336.
Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
Subfamily Arundinoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833
Plants perennial, from several meters tall and reed-like to only a few cm in height. Spikelets laterally compressed.
Arundinoideae has historically been a subfamily to accommodate misfit genera (Clayton and Renvoize 1986; Watson and Dallwitz 1992 onwards), but morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that the traditionally circumscribed subfamily was polyphyletic (Barker et al. 1995; Clark et al. 1995; Kellogg and Campbell 1987). Over the last several decades the subfamily has been reduced to a monophyletic core of genera. Surprisingly, despite the sharp reduction in genera in the subfamily, it still has no obvious morphological synapomorphy or even any general facies to help with recognition. The current circumscription of the subfamily follows Teisher et al. (2017) and Hardion et al. (2017).
Taxonomic editor: Jordan K. Teisher, Drexel University, Philadelphia
**Arundo L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 **
**Lectotype. **Arundo donax L. LT designated by Britton, Fl. Bermuda 29. 1918; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 60. 1920.
**1501. Arundo donax L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 **
Cynodon donax (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302. 1825
Scolochloa donax (L.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 1: 202. 1828
Arundo bifaria Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 21. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitat ad margines stagnorum et fossarum in India Orientali. Cel. Koenig dedit.”
Donax arundinaceus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 152, 161. 1812
Scolochloa arundinacea (P. Beauv.) Mert. & Koch ex Roehl., Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1(2) : 530. 1823, nom. superfl. illeg.
Arundo glauca sensu Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 303. 1901, non Bieb., 1808
Arundo latifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg.
Arundo sativa Lam., Fl. Franc. (Lamarck) 3: 616. 1779, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Arundo donax
Donax donax (L.) Asch. & Graebn., Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 101. 1898, nom. invalid, tautonym
Type. “Habitat in Hispania, Galloprovincia.” Lectotype: *Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 912.356-93 *(L). LT designated by Renvoize in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 21. 1993.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
Habit. Tall perennial.
**Danthonidium C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub t. 3331. 1937 **
**Type. **Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) C.E. Hubb. (Danthonia gammiei Bhide).
**1502. Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3331. 1937 **
Danthonia gammiei Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n.s.) 7(8): 513, 51. t. 6. 1912 (“1911”). Type: India: Bombay, Castle rock; October, 1902; G.A. Gammie s.n.
Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Castle Rock; October, 1902; *Gammie in Herb. Econ. Bot. Bombay 15636 *(K).
Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
Habit. Annual.
**Elytrophorus P. Beauv., Essai Agrostor. 67. 1812 **
**Type. **Elytrophorus articulatus P. Beauv.
**1503. Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 547. 1923 **
Dactylis spicata Willd., Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 416. 1801. Type: “Wachst an der malabarischen Kuste bei Tangore auf Reifsackern und wird von den Tamulen Wajel tenei genannt.”
Sesleria spicata (Willd.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 21. 1815
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Annual.
**Phragmites Adans., Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 34, 559. 1763 **
**Type. **Phragmites communis Trin. (Arundo phragmites L.).
**1504. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 143. 1840 **
Arundo australis Cav., Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 100. 1799. Type: “Se cria en el agua y a’ la orilla del rio, que esta como media legua antes de llegar a la Bahia Botanica viniendo de Jackson alli la cogio en abril, Don Luis Née.”
Phragmites communis Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 134. 1820
Arundo phragmites L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae lacubus fluviis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 97.6 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 118. 1970.
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. var. stenophylla (Boiss.) S.K. Jain & Doli Das, Indian Forester 99(8): 575. 1973
Phragmites communis Trin. var. stenophylla Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 563. 1884. Syntypes: in arenosis saepius maritimis vel salsas; Heldr. s.n. Anatolia ad Smyrnam; *Ky s.n. *Syria prope Tripoli; Bl. s.n. Egypt: Oasis Magna; Scheinfurth s.n. Assyria prope Mossul; Ky. s.n., Persia borealis in monte Elbrus; Ky s.n. Persia borealis circa Tehran; Haussk. s.n.
Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan [China, Pakistan].
Habit. Perennial.
**1505. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 324. 1841 var. **karka
Arundo karka Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 21. 1786–1787. Type: “Dedit cl. Koenig.” India?; *Koenig s.n. *(LD).
Trichoon karka (Retz.) Roth, Arch. Bot. [Leipzig] 1(3): 37. 1798
Oxyanthe japonica (Steud.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 197. 1854. Type: Japon; Thunburg s.n.
Phragmites nepalensis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 196. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 78, 79, 90
Arundo roxburghii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 79. 1829. Type: India Orientalis
Phragmites roxburghii (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 324. 1841
Sericura japonica Steud., Flora 29: 20. 1846. Type: Not given
Phragmites vallatorius Veldkamp, Blumea 37(1): 233. 1992, nom. superfl. & illegit.
Arundo vallatoria Pluk. ex L., Herb. Amb. 15. 1754, nom. invalid.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka].
Habit. Perennial.
**1506. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. var. cincta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 305. 1896 **
Syntypes. India: Near Calcutta Salt Lakes; *Kurz s.n. *Mutlah; Clarke 24714.
Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal.
Habit. Perennial.
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
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