Propagation-Consistent Wireless Environment Digital Twin Construction Under Sparse Measurements

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel wireless environment digital twin framework that uses sparse measurements and electromagnetic property calibration to produce accurate, propagation-consistent wireless environment models for various applications.

Contribution

It proposes a new paradigm combining scene-level EM property calibration with Bayesian channel mapping and differentiable ray tracing for wireless environment modeling.

Findings

Achieves accurate channel prediction in real-world scenes

Generalizes well to unseen transceiver topologies

Remains effective under different sampling conditions

Abstract

Digital twins (DTs) are promising for wireless deployment, optimization, and data generation, but building a propagation-faithful twin from sparse real measurements remains difficult. This paper proposes a wireless environment digital twin (WEDT) construction paradigm that evolves a reconstructed geometric DT into a propagation-consistent wireless environment representation through calibration of a scene-level electromagnetic (EM) property field. Instead of directly fitting link-specific channel responses, the proposed paradigm first constructs a geometry-prior Bayesian channel map (BCM) to convert sparse position-labeled channel state information (CSI) into dense probabilistic supervision with uncertainty estimates. It then embeds the learnable EM property field into differentiable ray tracing (RT) based channel computation, thereby enabling calibration through an explicit propagation chain. Experiments in both public and real-world scenes show that WEDT achieves accurate channel prediction, generalizes to unseen transceiver topologies, and remains effective across different sampling conditions. WEDT also offers utility for material-related environment sensing, more reliable physical-layer planning, and higher-quality synthetic data generation for wireless AI. These results demonstrate the value of the proposed paradigm for propagation-consistent WEDT construction and related wireless applications.