Refractive index retrieval of 3D printed materials for photonic applications

TL;DR

This study evaluates the optical properties of 3D printed polymers at 1550nm, demonstrating their potential for photonic structures through experimental and numerical analysis.

Contribution

It provides the first combined theoretical and experimental assessment of the refractive index of recycled and commercial polymers for photonics at telecommunication wavelengths.

Findings

Refractive indices of polymers were successfully retrieved from spectral data.

Extinction coefficients were on the order of 10^-4 at 1550nm.

Designed photonic structures demonstrate the polymers' applicability in telecom photonics.

Abstract

The advent of additive manufacturing has opened opportunities to rapidly prototype devices and products ranging from automotive and aerospace applications to micro/nanoscale metastructures, as examples). Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become relevant for electromagnetic structures, integrated optics and photonics systems, however, the optical properties of commercially available 3D printed polymers at telecommunication wavelengths (wavelength 1550nm) is not always available. Provided the importance of 3D printing technologies, in this work, we evaluate both theoretically and experimentally the complex refractive index of four polymers including some recycled versions (namely Butenediol Vinyl Alcohol (BVOH), Polylactic Acid (PLA), Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET), and recycled Polylactic Acid (rPLA)) as potential candidates for photonics applications. The 3D printed samples have thicknesses from ~100 to 400 nm (~64wavelengths to ~258wavelengths, respectively). The experimental reflectance and transmittance spectra are extracted and used to retrieve the complex refractive index of each printed material demonstrating extinction coefficients in the order of 10^-4 at wavelength=1550nm. The experimental results are validated using numerical simulations. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, a convex-planar lens and a Bragg mirror are designed and numerically evaluated, showing the potential of the proposed polymers for 3D printing photonic structures at telecommunication wavelengths.