Semi-global symplectic invariant of the champagne bottle

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the champagne bottle Hamiltonian system, computes its semi-global symplectic invariant near a focus-focus singularity, and compares it with the spherical pendulum's invariant.

Contribution

It provides the first explicit calculation of the semi-global symplectic invariant for the champagne bottle system, illustrating the method near a focus-focus singularity.

Findings

Calculated the Birkhoff normal form near the equilibrium.

Derived the semi-global symplectic invariant for the system.

Compared the invariant with that of the spherical pendulum.

Abstract

We study a two degrees of freedom Hamiltonian system describing the motion of a particle in a potential field of the form of $S^1$ symmetric double well, namely $V = - (x_1^2 + x_2^2) + (x_1^2 + x_2^2)^2$, known also as a champagne bottle potential. This system is completely integrable. The champagne bottle is the simplest member of a class of integrable systems that have no global action variables due to a non-trivial monodromy, Bates (1991). Beyond that, the geometric and dynamical properties of the system near the equilibrium are of primary interest. We calculate the Birkhoff normal form and the nontrivial action near the focus-focus singularity and obtain the semi-global symplectic invariant near focus-focus point, which is introduced by V\~{u} Ng\d{o}c (2003). Examples of such calculations are still few. We compare our result with the semi-global symplectic invariant of the spherical pendulum, calculated by Dullin (2013).