A2QTGN: Adaptive Amplitude Quantum-Integrated Temporal Graph Network for Dynamic Link Prediction

TL;DR

A2QTGN introduces a hybrid quantum-classical model for dynamic link prediction, leveraging adaptive amplitude encoding to enhance temporal graph representations and improve prediction accuracy.

Contribution

It proposes a novel quantum-integrated framework that efficiently encodes temporal graph features and adapts amplitude updates, advancing quantum-assisted graph learning.

Findings

Achieves strong predictive performance on five benchmark datasets.

Demonstrates the effectiveness of adaptive amplitude updates in temporal encoding.

Supports near-term quantum hardware deployment with hardware-aware inference.

Abstract

Dynamic link prediction is important for modeling evolving interactions in complex systems, including social, communication, financial, and transportation networks. Classical temporal graph models capture sequential dependencies, but they may struggle to represent concurrent and rapidly changing node-edge interactions in large dynamic graphs. We propose A2QTGN (Adaptive Amplitude Quantum-Integrated Temporal Graph Network), a hybrid quantum-classical framework that combines adaptive amplitude encoding with a Temporal Graph Network backbone. The proposed mechanism represents node interaction features as quantum states and selectively refreshes amplitude embeddings based on temporal activity, preserving stable node states while emphasizing meaningful structural changes. This design reduces unnecessary quantum re-encoding and improves temporal representation for link prediction. Experiments on five Temporal Graph Benchmark datasets show that A2QTGN achieves strong predictive and ranking performance across diverse dynamic graphs. Ablation studies confirm the importance of both the quantum embedding module and the adaptive update strategy, while hardware-aware inference using a noisy backend and limited real-device execution supports the feasibility of near-term quantum-assisted temporal graph learning.