Photospheric abundances of the rapidly-rotating A-type star Altair

TL;DR

This study analyzed the photospheric chemical abundances of the rapidly rotating star Altair, finding no significant anomalies and suggesting a slightly subsolar overall metallicity despite observational challenges.

Contribution

First detailed spectroscopic abundance analysis of Altair considering rapid rotation effects, revealing no chemical peculiarities and estimating its metallicity.

Findings

No significant chemical anomalies detected in Altair's atmosphere.

Global metallicity of Altair is slightly subsolar (~-0.2 dex).

Region-by-region abundance dispersion reflects measurement difficulties.

Abstract

Altair is an A-type star known to have an appreciably oblate shape owing to its very fast rotation (~300 km/s). Despite of numerous publications on this star, its chemical abundances have been scarcely investigated so far, presumably because of the practical difficulty that spectral lines are considerably broadened by rapid rotation and badly blended with each other. Motivated by this situation, a spectroscopic analysis was conducted to study the photospheric abundances of Altair by using the synthetic spectrum-fitting technique, in order to clarify whether or not any chemical peculiarities exist. The microturbulent velocity was determined to be 2.9 (+/-0.9) km/s by requiring that the metallicity does not show any systematic region-dependence. Then, the abundances of 17 elements (C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ba) were derived, where the non-LTE effect was taken into consideration as much as possible. The results revealed considerable region-by-region dispersion (several tenths dex or even more), reflecting the difficulty of reliable abundance determination for such a very rapid rotator. Nevertheless, the differential mean abundances relative to the Sun turned out to fall within -0.5 < [X/H] < +0.3 for all elements without any dependence upon the atomic number. Accordingly, we may conclude that (1) no appreciable anomalies of chemical abundance patterns exist in the atmosphere of Altair, (2) but its global metallicity is likely to be slightly subsolar (~-0.2 dex on the average).