Enhanced-BLE: A Hybrid BLE-ESB Framework for Dynamically Reconfigurable and Energy-Efficient 2.4 GHz IoT Communication
Ziyao Zhou, Chen Shen, Tiancheng Cao, Hen-Wei Huang

TL;DR
Enhanced-BLE is a hybrid framework combining BLE and ESB protocols on a Nordic platform, significantly improving energy efficiency, throughput, and latency for 2.4 GHz IoT communication.
Contribution
It introduces a novel hybrid BLE-ESB framework with adaptive scheduling, enabling high-throughput, low-latency, and reliable IoT communication on existing hardware.
Findings
ESB nearly halves packet transmission time and energy compared to BLE
Doubles forward throughput with ESB over BLE
Reduces wake-up latency and energy by nearly twentyfold during intermittent operation
Abstract
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is widely used in IoT systems because of its low power consumption, interoperability, and reliable bidirectional communication. However, its connection-oriented architecture introduces trade-offs among wake-up latency, throughput, and energy efficiency, limiting its suitability for burst-mode and on-demand sensing applications. Enhanced ShockBurst (ESB), a lightweight connectionless protocol supported by the same 2.4 GHz Nordic Semiconductor hardware, enables fast wake-up and efficient data transmission, but does not provide BLE-level robustness for sustained bidirectional communication. This work systematically benchmarks BLE and ESB on a unified Nordic nRF54L15 platform and proposes Enhanced-BLE, a hybrid framework that integrates the two protocols to extend conventional BLE operation. Experimental results show that ESB nearly halves packet transmission time…
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