Efficient and simple fourth-order compact finite difference methods for convection-diffusion-reaction equations on arbitrary curved domains

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fourth-order compact finite difference method for 2D convection-diffusion-reaction equations on complex curved domains, achieving high accuracy and stability with simple stencils.

Contribution

It develops a novel, explicit fourth-order compact FDM applicable to irregular boundary points on arbitrary curved domains, with efficient linear system solutions.

Findings

High accuracy and stable fourth-order convergence demonstrated on complex domains

Method maintains simple 9-point stencil structure inside the domain

Explicit formulas enable efficient computation at irregular boundary points

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the 2D convection-diffusion-reaction equation with variable smooth coefficients and the Dirichlet boundary condition on a complicated, thin, and curved domain. We propose the fourth-order compact FDM at every grid point with the uniform Cartesian mesh. For the regular stencil center, we utilize the fourth-order compact 9-point FDM to approximate the solution. According to the preliminary analysis, we use vertical and horizontal transformations to derive fourth-order compact FDMs in 10 cases for all irregular stencil centers. To obtain the left-hand side of the stencil of the fourth-order FDM in each case, we only need to solve an at most $6 \times 24$ linear system which is presented with the explicit formula. The right-hand side of the FDM is constructed in explicit expression for any irregular stencil centers too. To achieve the fourth-order consistency, up to second-order partial derivatives of convection, diffusion, reaction, and source terms are used for the FDM at the regular stencil center, and the FDM at an irregular stencil center only requires first-order partial derivatives of convection, diffusion, reaction, and source terms, and up to third-order derivatives of the Dirichlet boundary function and the parametric expression of the boundary curve. We test challenging domains with 100-leaf, high-curvature, high-frequency, sharply varying, and nearly overlapping boundary curves, the proposed FDM produces the high accuracy and the stable fourth-order convergence rate in $l_2$ and $l_{\infty}$ norms. All stencils of our FDMs have a simple desired structure by only keeping grid points inside $\Omega$ in the standard compact 9-point stencil for both regular stencils and boundary stencils, but without assuming any information outside the domain $\Omega$.