VBFDD-Agent for Electric Vehicle Battery Fault Detection and Diagnosis: Descriptive Text Modeling of Battery Digital Signals

TL;DR

This paper introduces VBFDD-Agent, a novel AI-driven system that uses descriptive text modeling of battery signals to improve fault detection, diagnosis, and maintenance recommendations for electric vehicle batteries.

Contribution

It presents a new descriptive text modeling approach and a comprehensive agent that integrates language reasoning for battery fault diagnosis and maintenance support.

Findings

Accurately monitors anomalies using textual representations.

Provides flexible and actionable maintenance suggestions.

Expert evaluation confirms practical value of recommendations.

Abstract

With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries have become critical concerns. Effective anomaly detection is essential for ensuring safe battery operation. However, as battery systems and operating scenarios become increasingly complex, battery fault diagnosis and maintenance require stronger cross-domain adaptability and human-AI collaboration. Traditional fault detection and diagnosis methods are usually designed for specific scenarios and predefined workflows, making them less effective in complex real-world applications. To address the scarcity of open-source battery fault report corpora and the lack of unified maintenance knowledge representation, this study proposes a descriptive text modeling approach for battery signal reports. Monitoring signals, statistical features, anomaly records, and state assessment results are transformed into structured and readable natural language descriptions, forming a language corpus for battery health diagnosis and maintenance. Based on this corpus, we propose VBFDD-Agent, a vehicle battery fault detection and diagnosis agent for automotive-grade battery systems. VBFDD-Agent integrates descriptive battery-state texts, historical case retrieval, local maintenance manuals, and large language model reasoning to generate structured diagnostic results and maintenance recommendations. Experiments show that the proposed framework can accurately perform anomaly monitoring based on descriptive textual representations and provide flexible, efficient, and actionable maintenance suggestions. Expert evaluation further confirms the practical value of the generated recommendations. Overall, VBFDD-Agent extends traditional battery diagnosis from label prediction to interpretable and maintenance-oriented decision support.