CandorMD: An AI-Assisted Audio Simulation and Feedback System for Training Clinicians for Medical Error Disclosure

TL;DR

CandorMD is an AI-powered simulation system designed to improve clinicians' skills in disclosing medical errors through real-time practice and personalized feedback, addressing current training gaps.

Contribution

This paper introduces CandorMD, a novel AI-assisted tool that offers adaptive, real-time simulation and feedback for medical error disclosure training.

Findings

Physicians and experts see value in AI-supported simulation for communication training.

CandorMD provides tailored practice environments based on individual learning needs.

Feedback from interviews informs design recommendations for future AI medical communication tools.

Abstract

Clinicians are expected to disclose harmful medical errors to patients and families in line with ethical, regulatory, and patient care standards, yet these conversations remain challenging because of their emotional complexity and limited training opportunities. Most physicians still learn primarily through lectures and observation, while static video tools-though available-are underused, lack adaptability across specialties, and deliver delayed, generic feedback. These gaps restrict skill development, reduce self-efficacy, and contribute to avoidance of disclosure conversations, ultimately compromising patient care and eroding trust. To address these needs, we designed CandorMD -- an AI-assisted simulation system that provides real-time practice, actionable feedback, and diverse practice environments tailored to individual learning needs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with physicians, risk managers, patient advocates, and communication experts to understand current practices, identify gaps, and collect feedback on CandorMD. Based on these insights, we present findings and design recommendations for the future of AI-supported medical communication training.