Generalized quaternion NCI-groups, NNN-groups and NNND-groups

TL;DR

This paper classifies generalized quaternion groups as NCI-groups for all n≥2 and determines their properties related to NNN and NNND groups, expanding understanding of Cayley graph symmetries.

Contribution

It proves that all generalized quaternion groups are NCI-groups and characterizes when they are NNND-groups, solving open classification questions.

Findings

Q_{4n} is an NCI-group for all n≥2.

Q_{4n} is not an NNN-group for any n≥2.

Q_{4n} is an NNND-group if and only if n≥6 and n is even.

Abstract

A Cayley (di)graph $\Cay(G,S)$ of a finite group $G$ is called CI if, for every Cayley (di)graph $\Cay(G,T)$ of $G$, $\Cay(G,S)\cong \Cay(G,T)$ implies that $S^{\sigma}=T$ for some $\sigma\in \Aut(G)$. The group $G$ is called an NDCI-group (resp. NCI-group) if every normal Cayley digraph (resp. graph) of $G$ is CI. It was shown that the generalized quaternion group $\Q_{4n}$ of order $4n$ ($n\geq 2$) is an NDCI-group if and only if either $n=2$ or $n$ is odd, but its NCI-group classification has been left as an open question. In this paper, we solve the question and prove that $\Q_{4n}$ is an NCI-group for every $n\geq 2$. A normal Cayley (di)graph of a group $G$ is called NNN if its automorphism group contains a non-normal regular subgroup isomorphic to $G$, and $G$ is called an NNND-group (resp. NNN-group) if it admits an NNN Cayley digraph (resp. graph). In this paper, we show that $\Q_{4n}$ is not an NNN-group for every $n\geq 2$, and is an NNND-group if and only if $n\geq 6$ and $n$ is even.