Gold Bipyramids as a Promising Alternative to Gold Nanorods for Analytical and Biomedical Applications

TL;DR

Gold bipyramids with specific dimensions exhibit superior spectral qualities and SERS enhancement compared to nanorods, making them promising for biomedical applications like photothermal therapy.

Contribution

This study synthesizes and compares gold bipyramids and nanorods, demonstrating bipyramids' higher spectral quality factor and SERS enhancement, and their effectiveness in photothermal therapy.

Findings

Gold bipyramids have a higher spectral quality factor than nanorods.

SERS enhancement factor for bipyramids is about three times higher than nanorods.

Bipyramids are effective thermosensitizers for photothermal therapy, killing E. coli upon laser irradiation.

Abstract

Pentagonal gold bipyramids with dimensions of 75x25 nm and a longitudinal plasmon resonance (PR) at 753 nm are synthesized. For comparison, gold nanorods with a diameter of 20 nm, lengths ranging from 95 to 50 nm, and longitudinal PR from 945 to 644 nm were synthesized by chemical etching. The samples were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that the absorption spectral quality factor of the bipyramids is significantly higher than that of the nanorods. To compare the nanoparticles as platforms for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), their surface was functionalized with thiolated nitrobenzene molecules (NBT). It is demonstrated that the SERS enhancement factor for the bipyramids is approximately three times higher than that for the nanorods. The red shift of the bipyramids' PR after functionalization with NBT molecules is also about three times greater than for nanorods with the same PR. This agrees with the theoretical estimate of the bipyramids' PR shift being more sensitive to variations in the refractive index of the external medium or the dielectric shell thickness than that of gold nanospheres and nanorods. The high efficiency of the bipyramids as thermosensitizers for converting laser radiation into heat in photothermal therapy is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. Effective photothermal killing of E. coli was shown upon irradiation with a laser at the plasmon resonance wavelength using nanobipyramids or nanorods.