A Design Framework for Compositional Hierarchical Mechanical Metamaterials via a Qualitative Unit-Cell Library

TL;DR

This paper introduces a two-step design framework for hierarchical mechanical metamaterials using a qualitative unit-cell library, enabling tailored macro-scale properties through modular microstructure selection.

Contribution

It presents a novel parametrization scheme and a systematic methodology for designing hierarchical metamaterials with desired mechanical behaviors.

Findings

Validated framework on cantilever beam with specific stiffness

Designed planar sheets with target deformation patterns

Introduced a new classification scheme for microstructure geometries

Abstract

Hierarchically designed mechanical metamaterials involve nested levels of structural organization, mimicking natural structures (such as bones, wood, and bird feathers) to create advanced functional materials. Compositional hierarchy, a specific type of hierarchical strategy that involves the methodical assembly of discrete building blocks, offers unique advantages in engineering design due to its modular nature. This involves proper selection and spatial arrangements of distinct microstructures, as a result of which the desired macro-scale mechanical behavior can be achieved. Towards the design of such compositional hierarchical metamaterials, this paper presents a two-step design framework. First, material optimization of the design domain is performed using a parameterized elasticity matrix to obtain optimal conceptual designs. Second, building-block microstructure geometries are selected from a qualitative library and subjected to shape-size refinement to satisfy the desired kinematic or stiffness requirements. To construct the qualitative library, a novel parametrization scheme is initially introduced, which categorizes the planar orthotropic elasticity matrix into four distinct classes. Utilizing a kinetostatic load flow visualization technique, the candidate microstructure geometries are then populated within these four classes. The framework is validated for the design of a cantilever beam with a specified lateral stiffness requirement and the design of planar sheets that exhibit specified target deformation patterns. Thus, the present work provides a systematic and physically intuitive methodology applicable to arbitrary kinematic deformation and stiffness requirements.