Development of an RPC-based gaseous photodetector with picosecond resolution

TL;DR

This thesis presents advancements in GasPM, a gaseous photodetector with picosecond resolution, focusing on improving time resolution, photon feedback suppression, and photocathode development for particle physics applications.

Contribution

The work introduces an algorithm for photon feedback suppression, a new digitiser calibration, and qualification of a damage-resistant LaB6 photocathode, enhancing GasPM performance.

Findings

Developed an algorithm to suppress photon feedback effectively.

Calibrated a novel high-frequency digitiser for GasPM.

Qualified a LaB6 photocathode resistant to ion damage.

Abstract

This experimental particle-physics thesis reports the latest developments on the GasPM, a novel gaseous photodetector aimed at suppressing beam-induced backgrounds in the electromagnetic calorimeter for a potential upgrade of the Belle~II experiment. The GasPM technology is based on combining a photocathode with a resistive-plate chamber offering high efficiency, excellent time resolution, and cost-effective scalability. A further advantage is that, combined with a radiator, the GasPM offers precise Cherenkov-based charged-particle identification. As part of a project launched in 2017, this work aims at addressing the degradation in time resolution observed in a previous beam test over what was achieved earlier with laser light. I focus specifically on ultraviolet-photon emission during excitation and de-excitation of the gas molecules, which leads to a secondary signal that in turn spoils time resolution (photon feedback). I design and execute an improved beam test that, along with several configuration changes, newly introduces single-vs-multiple electron discrimination and high-frequency signal readout. In addition, I probe through a cosmic-ray test the quantum efficiency of a new LaB$_6$ photocathode resistant to damage from ions drifting backwards, for use in future beam tests. The principal results are the development of an algorithm to efficiently suppress photon feedback; a preliminary calibration of a novel digitiser; the achievement of discrimination between single- and multiple-electron events; and an early qualification of a LaB$_6$ photocathode. These results are being prepared for showing at the 7th International Workshop on New Photon Detectors organized in Bologna in December 2025 and pave the way for an upcoming beam test of an improved GasPM prototype.