A second-order product-type implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta method preserving unit length and energy dissipation structures for gradient flows of vector fields

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel second-order linear IMEX-RK scheme that preserves both unit length and energy dissipation in gradient flows of vector fields, enhancing simulation reliability.

Contribution

It proposes a general methodology for constructing structure-preserving product-type IMEX-RK schemes applicable to various models, including a first-of-its-kind second-order scheme for harmonic map heat flows.

Findings

The scheme accurately preserves energy dissipation and unit length in numerical experiments.

It demonstrates stability and structure-preserving properties for gradient flows.

First second-order linear scheme to preserve both properties for harmonic map heat flows.

Abstract

Gradient flows of unit vector fields arise in a wide range of physical models such as harmonic map heat flows, nematic liquid crystals, and magnetization dynamics. Designing numerical schemes that simultaneously preserve the unit length constraint and dissipate energy is essential for reliable simulations of such systems. Although projection methods can effectively enforce the unit length constraint, ensuring energy dissipation under projection, especially in high-order schemes, remains challenging. Unlike traditional implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta (IMEX-RK) methods, in this work we propose a general methodology for constructing product-type IMEX-RK schemes that offers greater adaptability to various models with the goal of designing structure-preserving numerical schemes. For gradient flows of unit vector fields with Dirichlet energy, we design a linear and second-order numerical scheme that simultaneously preserves energy dissipation and the unit length constraint by using product-type IMEX-RK methods and projection techniques. Numerical experiments verify the accuracy, stability, and structure-preserving properties of the scheme. According to our best knowledge, this is the first second-order linear scheme that can preserve both the unit length and the original Dirichlet energy for harmonic map heat flows.