Scattering and absorption of a charged massive scalar field by a Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how a charged massive scalar field interacts with a Reissner-Nordström black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter, revealing effects on scattering, absorption, and superradiance.

Contribution

It provides new analytical and numerical insights into scattering and absorption phenomena of scalar fields in a dark matter-embedded charged black hole environment.

Findings

Absorption cross section decreases with increasing dark matter parameter λ.

High-frequency absorption limit depends only on black hole charge Q and λ.

Superradiant amplification factor is significantly larger with dark matter presence.

Abstract

We study the scattering of charged massive particles impinging on a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m (RN) black hole immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). We obtain an approximation of absorption cross section in the low-frequency regime via the matching method. In the high-frequency regime, we derive the weak-field deflection angle up to second order. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with classical approximation and glory scattering. The effects of dark matter, particle charge, and mass upon scattering and absorption are examined in detail. The results show that as the dark matter parameter $\lambda$ increases, the absorption cross section of the black hole is strongly suppressed, and its high-frequency limit depends only on the black hole charge $Q$ and $\lambda$. The scattering cross section also decreases overall. In the superradiant regime, the amplification factor of the PFDM black hole is much larger than that of the RN black hole. Finally, we discuss the behavior of the absorption cross section as $\omega/m\rightarrow1$, as well as the scattering cross section at small scattering angles.