Practical RIS Gain without the Pain via Randomization and Opportunistic Scheduling in 5G NR Wireless Systems: Theory and Experiments

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that random RIS configurations combined with opportunistic scheduling in 5G NR systems can achieve significant performance gains without additional overhead or coordination.

Contribution

It introduces a low-complexity, random RIS switching approach integrated with 5G NR, supported by theoretical analysis and experimental validation.

Findings

RIS random switching improves RSRP, BLER, MCS, and throughput.

Properly chosen RIS switching and scheduling parameters maximize throughput.

Performance comparable to optimized RIS designs without extra overhead.

Abstract

In this paper, we theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate the performance gains achievable by integrating an in-house built reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a 5G new radio (NR) system implemented using the OpenAirInterface (OAI) software stack. Unlike conventional RIS-assisted systems that rely on explicit channel state information (CSI) estimation followed by RIS phase configuration optimization, we adopt a low-complexity approach in which the RIS phase states are randomly switched among predefined configurations. The resulting channel fluctuations are opportunistically exploited by the inherent proportional fair (PF) scheduling mechanism of 5G NR. We develop a theoretical framework that characterizes the interaction between RIS switching dynamics and PF scheduling. Based on this framework and the associated analysis, we provide design guidelines for selecting the RIS switching time $T_s$ and the PF throughput averaging window $T_c$ that maximize the system throughput. Experimental evaluations on the 5G NR testbed demonstrate improvements in key performance metrics, including reference signal received power (RSRP), block error rate (BLER), modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index, and throughput. Our key takeaway is that randomly configured RIS operation with appropriately chosen system parameters can achieve performance comparable to optimized RIS designs, with no additional overhead compared to a conventional 5G NR system. More importantly, it requires no coordination between the RIS and the 5G NR system.