DocQT: Improving Document Forgery Localization Robustness via Diverse JPEG Quantization Tables

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that training document forgery localization models with diverse JPEG quantization tables improves their robustness and generalization in real-world operational workflows.

Contribution

It introduces a quantization-table-aware training approach and a new dataset, DocQT, to enhance forgery localization robustness against diverse compression profiles.

Findings

Training with Real-QT improves localization accuracy on operational documents.

Quantization-table-aware architectures significantly reduce false positives.

Standard quality factor augmentation is insufficient for real-world compression diversity.

Abstract

Document manipulation localization models achieve strong performance on public benchmarks yet fail to generalize to operational document workflows. We identify a critical and overlooked source of this gap: the mismatch between the narrow distribution of JPEG quantization tables used during training -restricted to standard libjpeg quality factors -and the heterogeneous compression profiles encountered in real-world insurance document pipelines. To isolate this factor, we conduct a controlled factorial study comparing two architectures with contrasting levels of quantization table awareness -FFDN [2] and Mesorch [20] -each trained under either standard quality factor augmentation (Standard-QT ) or operationally calibrated quantization tables sampled from DocQT, a quantization-table bank derived from a MAIF operational image corpus (Real-QT ), and evaluated under three recompression conditions. Training under Real-QT yields substantial localization gains on DocTamper [15] and significantly reduces the pixel-level false positive rate on authentic operational documents, but only for architectures that explicitly ingest the quantization table as input. The released DocQT quantization-table dataset and compression-reproduction material are directly available at https://github.com/Kyliroco/Improving-Document-Forgery-Localization-Robustness-via-Diverse-JPEG-Quantization-Tables. These results demonstrate that standard quality factor augmentation does not adequately proxy operational compression diversity, and that architectural choices explicitly conditioning on the quantization table provide a meaningful robustness advantage for real-world deployment.